PROTESTANTISM IN SCOTLAND

Chapter 1 THE DARKNESS AND THE DAYBREAK

English and Scottish Reformations Compared – Early Picture of Scotland – Preparation – The Scots become a Nation – Its Independence Secured – Bannockburn – Suppression of the Culdees – Establishment of the Church of Rome -- Its Great Strength – Acts against Lollards and Heretics in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries -- Martyrdom of John Resby -- Bible Readers – Paul Crawar Burned – The Lollards of Kyle – Hector Boece – Luther's Tracts Enter Scotland – The Bible Introduced – It becomes the Nation's One Instructor – Permission to Read it

Chapter 2 SCOTLAND'S FIRST PREACHER AND MARTYR, PATRICK HAMILTON

A Martyr Needed – Patrick Hamilton – His Lineage – His Studies at Paris and Marburg – He Returns to Scotland – Evangelizes around Linlithgow – is Inveigled to St. Andrews – St. Andrews in the Sixteenth Century – Discussions with Doctors and Canons – Alesius – Prior Campbell – Summoned before the Archbishop – His Brother Attempts his Rescue – Hamilton before Beaton – Articles of Accusation – Referred to a Commission – Hamilton's Evening Party – What they Talk about – His Apprehension – His Trial – His Judges – Prior Campbell his Accuser – His Condemnation – He is Led to the Stake – Attacks of Prior Campbell – Campbell's Fearful Death – Hamilton's Protracted Sufferings – His Last Words – The Impression produced by his Martyrdom

Chapter 3 WISHART IS BURNED, AND KNOX COMES FORWARD

Growing Discredit of the Hierarchy – Martyrs – Henry Forrest – David Straiton and Norman Gourlay – Their Trial and Burning – Thomas Forrest, Vicar of Dollar – Burning of Five Martyrs – Jerome Russel and Alexander Kennedy – Cardinal David Beaton – Exiles – Number of Sufferers – Plot to Cut off all the Nobles favorable to the New Opinions – Defeat at the Solway, and Discovery of the Plot – Ministry and Martyrdom of George Wishart – Birth and Education of Knox

Chapter 4 KNOX'S CALL TO THE MINISTRY AND FIRST SERMON

Cardinal Beaton Assassinated – Castle of St. Andrews Held by the Conspirators, Knox Enters it -- Called to the Ministry – His First Sermon – Key-note of the Reformation Struck – Knox in the French Galleys – The Check Useful to Scotland – Useful to Knox – What he Learned Abroad – Visits Scotland in 1555 – The Nobles Withdraw from Mass – A "Congregation" – Elders – The First "Band" Subscribed – Walter Mill Burned at St. Andrews – The Last Martyr of the Reformation in Scotland

Chapter 5 KNOX'S FINAL RETURN TO SCOTLAND

The Priests Renew the Persecution – The Queen Regent openly Sides with them – Demands of the Protestant Lords – Rejected – Preaching Forbidden – The Preachers Summoned before the Queen – A Great Juncture – Arrival of John Knox – Consternation of the Hierarchy – The Reformer of Scotland – Knox Outlawed – Resolves to Appear with the Preachers before the Queen – The Queen's Perfidy – Knox's Sermon at Perth – Destruction of the Gray Friars' and Black Friars' Monasteries, etc. – The Queen Regent Marches against Perth – Commencement of the Civil War

Chapter 6 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND

Peace between the Queen and the Reformers – Consultation – The Lords of the Congregation Resolve to Set up the Protestant Worship – Knox Preaches at St. Andrews – His Sermon – St. Andrews Reformed – Glasgow, Edinburgh, etc., Follow – Question of the Demolition of the Images and Monasteries – The Queen and her Army at Leith – The Lords Evacuate Edinburgh – Knox Sets out on a Preaching Tour – His Great Exertions – Scotland Roused – Negotiations with England – England Aids Scotland – Establishment of the Reformation in Scotland.

Chapter 7 CONSTITUTION OF THE "KIRK"--ARRIVAL OF MARY STUART

A Second Battle – Knox's Idea of the Church – Spiritual Independence Essential – Differs from Popish Independence – Calvin demanded a Pure Communion-table; Knox, a Free Assembly – Organization of Scottish "Kirk" – Ministers, Doctors, Elders, and Deacons – Kirk Session – Presbytery, Synod, and Assembly – Knox's Educational Plan – How Defeated – Mary Stuart – Her Accomplishments – Her Beauty – Her Life in France – Her Widow-hood – Invited to Return to Scotland – Sails from France – Arrives at Leith – Enters Holyrood.

Chapter 8 KNOX'S INTERVIEW WITH QUEEN MARY

Mary's Secret Purpose – Her Blandishments – The Protestant Nobles begin to Yield – Mass in the Chapel of Holyrood – Commotion – Knox's Sermon against Idolatry – The Mass more to be Feared than 10,000 Armed Men – Reasonableness of the Alarm – Knox Summoned to the Palace of Holyrood – Accused by the Queen of Teaching Sedition – His Defense – Debate between Knox and Mary – God, not the Prince, Lord of the Conscience – The Bible, not the Priest, the Judge in Matters of Faith, etc. – Importance of the Interview

Chapter 9 TRIAL OF KNOX FOR TREASON

Distribution of Ecclesiastical Revenues – Inadequate Provision for the Protestant Ministry – First Book of Discipline – Mary Refuses to Ratify the Ecclesiastical Settlement of 1560 – Faithlessness of the Nobles – Grief of Knox – His Sermon – Rebuke of the Protestant Nobles – Summoned to the Palace – Interview with the Queen – Knox's Hardness – Mass at the Palace – Threatened Prosecution of Protestants – Knox's Circular – Put upon his Trial for Treason – Maitland of Lethington – Debate between Maitland and Knox – Knox's Defense on his Trial – His Acquittal – Joy of the Citizens – Consequences of his Acquittal – Knox's Political Sentiments – His Services to the Liberties of Great Britain

Chapter 10 THE LAST DAYS OF QUEEN MARY AND JOHN KNOX

Prosperous Events – Ratification of the Protestant Establishment by Parliament – Culmination of Scottish Reformation – Knox Wishes to Retire -- New Storms – Knox Retires to St. Andrews – Knox in the Pulpit – Tulchan Bishops – Knox's Opposition to the Scheme -- The St. Bartholomew Massacre -- Knox's Prediction – His Last Appearance in the Pulpit -- Final End of Mary's Crimes – Darnley – Rizzio – Kirk-of- Field – Marriage with Bothwell – Carberry Hill – Lochleven Castle – Battle of Langside – Flight to England – Execution – Mary the Last Survivor of her Partners in Crime – Last Illness of Knox -- His Death – His Character

Chapter 11 ANDREW MELVILLE--THE TULCHAN BISHOPS

The Tulchan Bishops – Evils that grew out of this Arrangement – Supported by the Government – A Battle in Prospect – A Champion Wanting – Andrew Melville – His Parentage – Education – Studies Abroad – Goes to Geneva – Appointed Professor of Humanity in its Academy -- Returns to Scotland in 1574 – State of Scotland at his Arrival – War against the Tulchan Bishops – The General Assembly Abolishes the Order – Second Book of Discipline – Perfected Polity of the Presbyterian Kirk – The Spiritual Independence – Geneva and Scotland – A Great Struggle

Chapter 12 BATTLES FOR PRESBYTERIANISM AND LIBERTY

James VI – His Evil Counselors – Love of Arbitrary Power and Hatred of Presbyterianism – State of Scotland – The Kirk its One Free Institution – The Presbyterian Ministers the Only Defenders of the Nation's Liberties – The National Covenant – Tulchan Bishops – Robert Montgomery – His Excommunication – Melville before the King -- Raid of Ruthyen – The Black Acts – Influence of the Spanish Armada on Scotland – Act of 1592 Ratifying Presbyterian Church Government – Return of Popish Lords – Interview between Melville and James VI at Falkland – Broken Promises – Prelacy set up – Importance of the Battle – James VI Ascends the Throne of England

Chapter 13 JAMES IN ENGLAND--THE GUNPOWDER PLOT

Steps to Hinder a Protestant Successor to Elizabeth — Bulls of Clement VIII — Application to Philip II — English Jesuits thrown on their own Resources — The Gunpowder Plot Proposed — Catesby — Percy — Preparations to Blow up the Parliament — Pacific Professions of Romanists the while — Proofs that the Plot was Known to the Roman Catholic Authorities — The Spanish Match — Disgraceful Treaty — Growing Troubles

Chapter 14 DEATH OF JAMES VI, AND SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN SCOTLAND

The Nations Dead — Protestantism made them Live — Examples — Scotland — James VI -- Pursues his Scheme on the Throne of England — His Arts — Compliance of the Ministers — The Prelates — High Commission Court — Visit of James to Scotland — The Five Articles of Perth — "Black Saturday" — James's Triumph a Defeat — His Death — A Great Spiritual Awakening in Scotland — Moral Transformations — David Dickson and the Awakening at Stewarton — Market-day at Irvine — John Livingstone and the Kirk of Shotts — The Scottish Vine Visited and Strengthened

Chapter 15 CHARLES I AND ARCHBISHOP LAUD--RELIGIOUS INNOVATIONS

Basilicon Doron — A Defense of Arbitrary Government — Character of Charles I — His French Marriage — He Dissolves his Parliament — Imposes Taxes by his Prerogative — A Popish Hierarchy in England — Tonnage and Poundage — Ship-money — Archbishop Laud — His Character — His Consecration of St. Catherine Cree Church — His Innovations — The Protestant Press Gagged — Bishop Williams — The Puritans Exiled, etc. — Preaching Restricted — The Book of Sports — Alarm and Gloom

Chapter 16 THE NATIONAL COVENANT AND ASSEMBLY OF 1638

Preparations in Scotland for introducing Prelacy — The King's Commission to Archbishop Laud -- The Book of Canons sent down to Scotland — The New Liturgy — Indignation in Scotland — The First Reading of the Liturgy — Tumult — The Dean Assailed in the Pulpit — He Flees — The Bishop Mobbed — Charles's Resolve to Force the Canons and Liturgy upon the Scots — Their Resistance — The Four Tables — The National Covenant Framed — Its Provisions — Sworn in the Grayfriars' Church — Solemnity of the Scene — Alarm of the Bishops and the Court — The General Assembly at Glasgow, 1638 — The Assembly Overthrows Prelacy

Chapter 17 CIVIL WAR--SOLEMN LEAGUE--WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY

War with the Scots — Charles sends a Fleet and Army — The Scots March to the Border — Treaty of Peace — Violated by the King — Second War with the Scots — Charles Defeated — Makes Peace — Church of Scotland has Rest — The Long Parliament — Grievances — Concessions of Charles — Irish Massacre — Suspected Complicity of the King — Execution of Strafford and Laud — Civil War in England — Scotland Joins England — Solemn League — Summary of its Principles — Sworn to by the Parliament of England — The Westminster Assembly — Its General Appearance — Its Individual Members — Frames a Form of Church Government and Confession of Faith — Influence of these Documents

Chapter 18 PARLIAMENT TRIUMPHS, AND THE KING IS BETRAYED

Scotland Receives the Westminster Standards — England becomes Presbyterian — The Civil War — Army of the King — Army of the Parliament — Morale of each — Battle of Marston Moor -- Military Equipment -- The King Surrenders to the Scots — Given up to the English -- Cromwell — The Army takes Possession of the King -- Pride Purges Parliament — Charles Attainted and Condemned — The King's Execution -- Close of a Cycle — Thirty Years' Plots and Wars -- Overthrow of the Popish Projects

Chapter 19 RESTORATION OF CHARLES II, AND ST. BARTHOLOMEW DAY, 1662

The Struggle to be Renewed – The Commonwealth – Cromwell's Rule – Charles II Restored – His Welcome – Enthusiasm of Scotland – Character of Charles II – Attempted Union between the Anglican and Presbyterian Parties – Presbyterian Proposals – Things to be Rectified – Conference at the Savoy – Act of Uniformity – The 24th of August, 1662 – A Second St. Bartholomew – Secession of 2,000 Ministers from the Church of England – Grandeur of their Sacrifice – It Saves the Reformation in England

Chapter 20 SCOTLAND--MIDDLETON'S TYRANNY--ACT RECISSORY

Extravagant Loyalty of the Scots – A Schism in the Ranks of the Scottish Presbyterians – Resolutioners and Protesters – Charles's Purpose to Restore Prelacy – Clarendon – Maitland – James Sharp – The "Judas of the Kirk of Scotland" – The Scottish Parliament of 1661 – Decline of the Scottish Presbyterians – Acts passed in Parliament – Act of Supremacy – Lays the Scottish Kirk at the King's Feet – The Oath of Allegiance – The Act Recissory – Tyranny and Revolution – Sudden Destruction of Scottish Liberties – Legislation and Drunkenness

Chapter 21 ESTABLISHMENT OF PRELACY IN SCOTLAND

Destruction of Scottish Protestantism – Marquis of Argyle – His Character – His Possessions – His Patriotism – His Service to Charles II – How Requited – He is Condemned as a Traitor – His Demeanor in Prison – on the Scaffold – Mr. James Guthrie – His Character – Sentenced to be Hanged – His Behavior on the Scaffold – His Head Affixed to the Netherbow – Prelacy set up – The New Bishops – Their Character – Robert Leighton – The Ministers required to Receive Presentation and Collation Anew – Will Scotland Submit?

Chapter 22 FOUR HUNDRED MINISTERS EJECTED

The Bishops hold Diocesan Courts – Summon the Ministers to Receive Collation – The Ministers Disobey – Middleton's Wrath and Violence – Archbishop Fairfoul's Complaint – "Drunken Act of Glasgow " – The 1st of November, 1662 – Four Hundred Ministers Ejected – Middleton's Consternation – Sufferings of the Ejected – Lamentations of the People – Scotland before the Ejection – The Curates – Middleton's Fall – The Earl of Rothes made Commissioner – Conventicles – Court of High Commission – Its Cruelty – Turner's Troop – Terrible Violence

Chapter 23 BREACH OF THE "TRIPLE LEAGUE" AND WAR WITH HOLLAND

The same Policy pursued in England and Scotland – Scheme for Introducing Popery and Arbitrary Government – Test Acts – Non-resistance – Power of the Militia Given to the King – Humiliation of the Nation – The Queen-mother – Surrender of Dunkirk – Breach of the "Triple League " – The King's Sister – Interview at Dover – M. Colbert – War with Holland resolved on – How the Quarrel was Picked – Piratical Attack on Dutch Merchantmen by the Navy of England – The Exchequer Seized by the King – An Indulgence Proclaimed – War Commenced – Rapid Triumphs of the French – Duplicity of Louis XIV – William, Prince of Orange, made Stadtholder of Holland – The Great Issue

Chapter 24 THE POPISH PLOT, AND DEATH OF CHARLES II

The Issue Adjusted – Who shall Sit on the Throne of Britain? – Peace with Holland – Charles II a Pensioner of Louis XIV – English Ships Seized by France – No Redress – Duke of York's Second Marriage – William of Orange Marries the Princess Mary – The Duke of York's Influence in the Government – Alarm – Test Acts – The Duke's Exclusion from the Throne demanded – The Popish Plot – Titus Oates – The Jesuit Coleman – His Letter to Pere la Chaise – Murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey – The Duke's Exclusion – Attempts to throw the Plot on the Presbyterians – Execution of Essex, Russell, and Sidney – Judge Jeffreys – Illness and Death of the King – What they Said of his Death at Rome.

Chapter 25 THE FIRST RISING OF THE SCOTTISH PRESBYTERIANS

Barbarities – Inflexible Spirit of the Scots – Dragoons at Dairy – The Presbyterians of the West take Arms – Capture of Sir James Turner – The March to Lanark – They Swear the Covenant, and Publish a Declaration – Their Sufferings on the March – Arrive near Edinburgh – Battle of the Pentlands – Defeat of the Presbyterians – Prisoners – Their Trial and Execution – Neilson of Corsac and Hugh McKail – The Torture of the Boot – Execution of Hugh McKail – His Farewell

Chapter 26 THE FIELD-PREACHING OR "CONVENTICLE"

Scotland to be Crushed -- Thomas Dalziel of Binns – His Character – Barbarities exercised by his Soldiers – A Breathing Time – Duke Lauderdale – The Indulgence -- Its Fruits – The Accommodation – Failure of both Plans – The Conventicle – Field-preaching at East Nisbet, Mearse – Place of Meeting – The Assembling -- The Guards – The Psalm – The Prayer – The Sermon – The Communion-tables – The Communicants – The Communicating – Other Services – Blackadder's Account – Terror of the Government

Chapter 27 DRUMCLOG--BOTHWELL BRIDGE--THE "KILLING TIMES"

The Conventicle to be Crushed – Storm of Edicts – Letters of Intercommuning – Sharp's New Edict – His Assassination – The Highland Host – Graham of Claverhouse – His Defeat at Drumclog – Dissensions in the Covenanters' Camp – Battle of Bothwell Bridge – Prisoners – They are Penned in Grayfriars' Churchyard – Shipped off to Barbados – The "Killing Times " – James II – His Toleration – The Sanquhar Declaration – The Stuarts Disowned – The Last Two Martyrs, Argyle and Renwick – Importance of the Covenanting Struggle

Chapter 28 JAMES II -- PROJECTS TO RESTORE POPERY

James II – Suspicions of the Nation – His Promises to Maintain the Protestant Religion – Joy of the People – Fears of Louis XIV – His Coronation – Goes to Mass – Imposes Taxes without his Parliament – Invasion of Argyle – Insurrection of Monmouth – These Risings Suppressed -- Cruelties of Jeffreys – The Test Act – Debates respecting a Standing Army – State of Protestantism throughout Christendom – Its Afflicted Condition Everywhere – A Moment of Mighty Peril – Hopes of the Jesuits

Chapter 29 A GREAT CRISIS IN ENGLAND AND CHRISTENDOM

Ireland – Duke of Ormond Dismissed from the Lieutenancy – The Army Remodeled – Tyrconnel made Lord Lieutenant – Appoints Popish Judges – Lord Chancellor of Ireland – The Charters of the Corporations Abolished – Civil Rights of the Protestants Confiscated – Their Religious Rights Invaded – Protestant Tithes and Churches Seized – Parliament Dissolved – English Judges give James II a Dispensing Power – A Popish Hierarchy – Clergymen Forbidden to Preach against Popery – Tillotson, Stillingfleet, etc. – Ecclesiastical Commission – Bishop of London and Dr. Sharp Suspended – The Army at Hounslow Heath – A New Indulgence – Seven Bishops sent to the Tower – Birth of the Prince of Wales – Acquittal of the Bishops – Rejoicings – Crisis

Chapter 30 PROTESTANTISM MOUNTS THE THRONE OF GREAT BRITAIN

The Movement Returns to the Land of its Birth – England Looks to William of Orange – State of Parties in Europe – Preparations in England against Invasion – Alarm and Proclamation of James II – Declaration of William of Orange – The Dutch Fleet Sails -- A Storm – The Dutch Fleet Driven Back – William's Appeals to the English Soldiers and Sailors – The Fleet again Sets Sail – Shifting of the Wind – Landing at Torbay – Prince of Orange's Address – The Nation Declares for him – King James Deserted – His Flight – The Crown Settled on the Prince and Princess of Orange – Protestantism on the Throne