Lucifer
Isaiah 14:12-14: "How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High".
POPULAR INTERPRETATION:
It is assumed that Lucifer was once a powerful angel who sinned at the time of Adam and was therefore cast down to earth, where he is making trouble for God's people.
COMMENTS:
1. The words "devil", "satan" and "angel" never occur in this chapter. This is the only place in Scripture where the word "Lucifer" occurs.
2. There is no evidence that Isaiah.14 is describing anything that happened in the garden of Eden; if it is, then why are we left 3,000 years from the time of Genesis before being told what really happened there?
3. Lucifer is described as being covered in worms (Isa 14:11) and mocked by men (Isa 14:16) because he no longer has any power after his casting out of heaven (Isa 14:5-8); so there is no justification for thinking that Lucifer is now on earth leading believers astray.
4. Why is Lucifer punished for saying, "I will ascend into heaven" (Isa 14:13), if he was already there?
5. Lucifer is to rot in the grave: "Thy pomp is brought down to the grave,...and the worms cover thee" (Isa 14:11). Seeing angels cannot die (Luke.20:35-36), Lucifer therefore cannot be an angel; the language is more suited to a man.
6. Isa 14:13-14 have connections with 2 Thes.2:3-4, which is about the "man of sin" - thus Lucifer points forward to another man - not an angel.
SUGGESTED EXPLANATIONS:
1. The N.I.V. and other modern versions have set out the text of Isa.13-23 kjb) as a series of "burdens" on various nations, e.g. Babylon, Tyre, Egypt. Isaiah.14:4 sets the context of the verses we are considering: "Thou shalt take up this proverb (parable) against the king of Babylon...". The prophecy is therefore about the human king of Babylon, who is described as "Lucifer". On his fall: "they that see thee shall...consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble...?" (Isa 14:16). Thus Lucifer is clearly defined as a man.
2. Because Lucifer was a human king, "All the kings of the nations... shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto us?" (Isa 14:9-10). Lucifer was therefore a king like any other king.
3. Isa 14:20 says that Lucifer's seed will be destroyed. Isa 14:22 says that Babylon's seed will be destroyed, thus equating them.
4. Remember that this is a "proverb (parable) against the king of Babylon"Isa 14:4). "Lucifer" means "the morning star", which is the brightest of the stars. In the parable, this star proudly decides to "ascend (higher) into heaven...exalt my throne above the (other) stars of God" (Isa 14:13). Because of this, the star is cast down to the earth. The star represents the king of Babylon. Daniel chapter 4 explains how Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon proudly surveyed the great kingdom he had built up, thinking that he had conquered other nations in his own strength, rather than recognizing that God had given him success. "Thy greatness (pride) is grown, and reacheth unto heaven" (Isa 14:22).
Because of this "he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws"(Isa 14:33) This sudden humbling of one of the world's most powerful men to a deranged lunatic was such a dramatic event as to call for the parable about the falling of the morning star from heaven to earth. Stars are symbolic of powerful people, e.g. Gen.37:9; Isa.13:10 (concerning the leaders of Babylon); Eze.32:7 (concerning the leader of Egypt); Dan.8:10 cp. Dan 8:24. Ascending to heaven and falling from heaven are Biblical idioms often used for increasing in pride and being humbled respectively - see Job.20:6; Jer.51:53 (about Babylon); Lam. 2:1; Matt.11:23 (about Capernaum).: "Thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell" (the grave).
5.Isa 14:17 accuses Lucifer of making the "world as a wilderness, (destroying) the cities thereof; that let not loose his prisoners to their home...(that did) fill the face of the world with cities"..."the exactress of gold" (Isa 14:17,Isa 14:21, ; Isa 14:.4 margin). These are all descriptions of Babylonian military policy - razing whole areas to the ground (as they did to Jerusalem), transporting captives to other areas and not letting them return to their homeland (as they did to the Jews), building new cities and taking tribute of gold from nations they oppressed. Thus there is emphasis on the fact that Lucifer was not even going to get the burial these other kings had had (Isa 14:18-19), implying that he was only a human king like them, seeing his body needed burying.
6. Isa 14:12 says that Lucifer was to be "cut down to the ground" - implying he was a tree. This provides a further link with Dan.4:8-16, where Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon are likened to a tree being cut down.
7. Babylon and Assyria are often interchangeable phrases in the prophets; thus, having spoken of the demise of the king of Babylon, Isa 14:25 says, "I will break the Assyrian...". The prophecies about Babylon in Isa.47 are repeated concerning Assyria in Nahum 3:5,18 and Zeph.2:13,15; and 2 Chron.33:11 says that the king of Assyria took Manasseh captive to Babylon - showing the interchangeability of the terms. Amos.5:27 says that Israel were to go into captivity "beyond Damascus", i.e. in Assyria, but Stephen quotes this as "beyond Babylon" ( Acts 7:43). Ezra 6:1 describes Darius the king of Babylon making a decree concerning the rebuilding of the temple. The Jews praised God for turning "the heart of the king of Assyria" ( Ezra 6:22), again showing that they are interchangeable terms.
The prophecy of Isaiah 14, along with many others in Isaiah, fits in well to the context of the Assyrian invasion by Sennacherib in Hezekiah's time, hence Isa 14:25 describes the breaking of the Assyrian. Isa 14:13 is easier to understand if it is talking about the blasphemous Assyrians besieging Jerusalem, wanting to enter Jerusalem and capture the temple for their gods.
Earlier the Assyrian king, Tilgath-Pilneser, had probably wanted to do the same ( 2 Chron.28:20-21); Isa.14:13: "For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven... (symbolic of the temple and ark - 1 Kings 8:30; 2 Chron.30:27; Psa 20:2,6; Psa 11:4; Heb.7:26) I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation (mount Zion where the temple was) in the sides of the north" (Jerusalem - Psa.48:1,2).