Exo. 28:30

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the Urim and Thummim.[\^Mymth taw Myrwa ta\^] the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. [\~dhlwsiv kai alhyeia\~,] manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, \doctrina et veritas,\ doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate.

In support of this statement, it is observed,

1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones.

2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.

Lev 8:8; Num 27:21; Deut 33:8; Judg 1:1; Judg 20:18; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:27; Judg 20:28; 1Sam 23:9-12

1Sam 28:6; 1Sam 30:7; 1Sam 30:8; Ezra 2:63; Neh 7:65

bear the judgment.

Zec 6:13

upon his heart.

2Cor 6:11; 2Cor 6:12; 2Cor 7:3; 2Cor 12:15; Phil 1:7; Phil 1:8; Heb 2:17; Heb 4:15; Heb 9:12; Heb 9:24