CARMEL to CASIPHIA

CARMEL

a park; generally with the article, "the park."

(1.) A prominent headland of Central Palestine, consisting of several connected hills extending from the plain of Esdraelon to the sea, a distance of some 12 miles or more. At the east end, in its highest part, it is 1,728 feet high, and at the west end it forms a promontory to the bay of Acre about 600 feet above the sea. It lay within the tribe of Asher. It was here, at the east end of the ridge, at a place called el-Mukhrakah (i.e., the place of burning), that Elijah brought back the people to their allegiance to God, and slew the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18:1 all).

Here were consumed the "fifties" of the royal guard; and here also Elisha received the visit of the bereaved mother whose son was restored by him to life (2 Kings 4:25-37). "No mountain in or around Palestine retains its ancient beauty so much as Carmel. Two or three villages and some scattered cottages are found on it; its groves are few but luxuriant; it is no place for crags and precipices or rocks of wild goats; but its surface is covered with a rich and constant verdure." "The whole mountain-side is dressed with blossom, and flowering shrubs, and fragrant herbs." The western extremity of the ridge is, however, more rocky and bleak than the eastern. The head of the bride in Cont. 7:5 is compared to Carmel. It is ranked with Bashan on account of its rich pastures (Isa. 33:9; Jer. 50:19; Amos 1:2).

The whole ridge is deeply furrowed with rocky ravines filled with dense jungle. There are many caves in its sides, which at one time were inhabited by swarms of monks. These caves are referred to in Amos 9:3. To them Elijah and Elisha often resorted (1 Kings 18:19, 42; 2 Kings 2:25). On its north-west summit there is an ancient establishment of Carmelite monks. Vineyards have recently been planted on the mount by the German colonists of Haifa. The modern Arabic name of the mount is Kurmul, but more commonly Jebel Mar Elyas, i.e., Mount St. Elias, from the Convent of Elias.

(2.) A town in the hill country of Judah (Josh. 15:55), the residence of Nabal (1 Sam. 25:2, 5, 7, 40), and the native place of Abigail, who became David's wife (1 Sam. 27:3). Here king Uzziah had his vineyards (2 Chr. 26:10). The ruins of this town still remain under the name of Kurmul, about 10 miles south-south-east of Hebron, close to those of Maon.

1. A fertile and picturesque mountain in Palestine So 7:5; Isa 33:9; 35:2; Jer 46:18; 50:19; Am 1:2 .Forests of 2Ki 19:23 .Caves of Am 9:3; Mic 7:14 .An idolatrous high place upon; Elijah builds an altar upon, and confounds the worshipers of Baal, putting to death four hundred and fifty of its prophets 1Ki 18:17-46 .Elisha's abode in 2Ki 2:25; 4:25

2. A city of Judah Jos 15:55 .Saul erects a memorial at 1Sa 15:12 .Nabal's possessions at 1Sa 25:2 .King Uzziah, who delighted in agriculture, had vineyards at 2Ch 26:10

CARMI

vine-dresser.

(1.) The last named of the four sons of Reuben (Gen. 46:9).

(2.) A descendant of Judah (1 Chr. 4:1). He is elsewhere (1 Chr 2:18) called Caleb (q.v.).

(3.) The son of Zimri, and the father of Achan (Josh. 7:1), "the troubler of Israel."

1. Son of Reuben Ge 46:9; Ex 6:14

2. Son of Hezron 1Ch 4:1

Called CHELUBAI 1Ch 2:9

And CALEB 1Ch 2:18

3. Father of Achan Jos 7:1, 18; 1Ch 2:7

CARNAL MINDEDNESS

Unconverted men are so called (1 Cor. 3:3).

They are represented as of a "carnal mind, which is enmity against God" (Rom. 8:6, 7). Enjoyments that minister to the wants and desires of man's animal nature are so called (Rom. 15:27; 1 Cor. 9:11).

The ceremonial of the Mosaic law is spoken of as "carnal," because it related to things outward, the bodies of men and of animals, and the purification of the flesh (Heb. 7:16; 9:10). The weapons of Christian warfare are "not carnal", that is, they are not of man's device, nor are wielded by human power (2 Cor. 10:4).

General scriptures concerning Ro 8:6-8; Ga 6:8; Jas 4:4

See WORLDLY CARE

See RICHES

See SIN, FRUITS OF

See WORLDLINESS

CARPENTRY

an artificer in stone, iron, and copper, as well as in wood (2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Chr. 14:1; Mark 6:3). The tools used by carpenters are mentioned in 1 Sam. 13:19, 20; Judg. 4:21; Isa. 10:15; 44:13. It was said of our Lord, "Is not this the carpenter's son?" (Matt. 13:55); also, "Is not this the carpenter?" (Mark 6:3).

Every Jew, even the rabbis, learned some handicraft: Paul was a tentmaker. "In the cities the carpenters would be Greeks, and skilled workmen; the carpenter of a provincial village could only have held a very humble position, and secured a very moderate competence."

Building the ark of Noah Ge 6:14-16

Tabernacle, and furniture of Ex 31:2-9

See TABERNACLE

David's palace 2Sa 5:11

Temple 2Ki 12:11; 22:6

See TEMPLE

Making idols Isa 41:7; 44:13

Carpenters Jer 24:1; Zec 1:20

Joseph Mt 13:55

Jesus Mr 6:3

See CARVING

See MASTER WORKMAN

CARPET

General scriptures concerning Pr 31:22

CARPUS

A Christian at Troas 2Ti 4:13

CARSHENA

A Persian prince Es 1:14

CART

a vehicle moving on wheels, and usually drawn by oxen (2 Sam. 6:3). The Hebrew word thus rendered, 'agalah (1 Sam. 6:7, 8), is also rendered "wagon" (Gen. 45:19).

It is used also to denote a war-chariot (Ps. 46:9). Carts were used for the removal of the ark and its sacred utensils (Num. 7:3, 6). After retaining the ark amongst them for seven months, the Philistines sent it back to the Israelites. On this occasion they set it in a new cart, probably a rude construction, with solid wooden wheels like that still used in Western Asia, which was drawn by two milch cows, which conveyed it straight to Beth-shemesh.

A "cart rope," for the purpose of fastening loads on carts, is used (Isa. 5:18) as a symbol of the power of sinful pleasures or habits over him who indulges them. (See CORD.) In Syria and Palestine wheel-carriages for any other purpose than the conveyance of agricultural produce are almost unknown.

General scriptures concerning 1Sa 6:7-14; 2Sa 6:3; Isa 28:27, 28

See WAGON

CARRIAGE

In the Authorized Version this word is found as the rendering of many different words. In Judg. 18:21 it means valuables, wealth, or booty. In Isa. 46:1 (R.V., "the things that ye carried about") the word means a load for a beast of burden.

In 1 Sam. 17:22 and Isa. 10:28 it is the rendering of a word ("stuff" in 1 Sam. 10:22) meaning implements, equipments, baggage. The phrase in Acts 21:15, "We took up our carriages," means properly, "We packed up our baggage," as in the Revised Version.

CARVING

The arts of engraving and carving were much practised among the Jews. They were practised in connection with the construction of the tabernacle and the temple (Ex. 31:2, 5; 35:33; 1 Kings 6:18, 35; Ps. 74:6), as well as in the ornamentation of the priestly dresses (Ex. 28:9-36; Zech. 3:9; 2 Chr. 2:7, 14). Isaiah (44:13-17) gives a minute description of the process of carving idols of wood.

Woodwork of the temple was decorated with carvings of flowers, cherubim, and palm trees 1Ki 6:18, 29, 32, 35; Ps 74:6 Beds decorated with Pr 7:16 Idols manufactured by Deut 7:5; Isa 44:9-17; 45:20; Hab 2:18-19

Persons skilled in Bezaleel Ex 31:5 Hiram 1Ki 7:13-51; 2Ch 2:13-14

CASEMENT

a barrier of open-work placed before windows (Prov. 7:6).

In Judg. 5:28 the Hebrew word is rendered "lattice," in the LXX. "network," an opening through which cool air is admitted.

CASIPHIA

silver, a place between Babylon and Jerusalem, where Iddo resided (Ezra 8:17); otherwise unknown.

A place in the Persian empire Ezr 8:17