CALAMUS to CALVARY

CALAMUS

the Latin for cane, Hebrew Kaneh, mentioned (Ex. 30:23) as one of the ingredients in the holy anointing oil, one of the sweet scents (Cant. 4:14), and among the articles sold in the markets of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19).

The word designates an Oriental plant called the "sweet flag," the Acorus calamus of Linnaeus. It is elsewhere called "sweet cane" (Isa. 43:24; Jer. 6:20). It has an aromatic smell, and when its knotted stalk is cut and dried and reduced to powder, it forms an ingredient in the most precious perfumes.

It was not a native of Palestine, but was imported from Arabia Felix or from India. It was probably that which is now known in India by the name of "lemon grass" or "ginger grass," the Andropogon schoenanthus.

(See CANE)

A sweet cane of Palestine So 4:14; Eze 27:19

An ingredient of the holy ointment Ex 30:23; Isa 43:24

Commerce in Jer 6:20; Eze 27:19

CALCOL

(1 Chr. 2:6), sustenance, the same probably as Chalcol (1 Kings 4:31), one of the four sages whom Solomon excelled in wisdom; for "he was wiser than all men."

Son of Zerah 1Ch 2:6

CALDRON

In the tabernacle 1Sa 2:14 In the temple 2Ch 35:13; Jer 52:18-19

FIGURATIVE Eze 11:3-11

CALEB

a dog.

(1.) One of the three sons of Hezron of the tribe of Judah. He is also called Chelubai (1 Chr. 2:9). His descendants are enumerated (1 Chr 18-20, 42-49).

(2.) A "son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah" (1 Chr. 2:50). Some would read the whole passage thus: "These [i.e., the list in 1 Chr 2:42-49] were the sons of Caleb. The sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, were Shobal, etc." Thus Hur would be the name of the son and not the father of Caleb (1 Chr 2:19).

(3.) The son of Jephunneh (Num. 13:6; 32:12; Josh. 14:6, 14). He was one of those whom Moses sent to search the land in the second year after the Exodus. He was one of the family chiefs of the tribe of Judah. He and Joshua the son of Nun were the only two of the whole number who encouraged the people to go up and possess the land, and they alone were spared when a plague broke out in which the other ten spies perished (Num. 13:1; 14:1 all).

All the people that had been numbered, from twenty years old and upward, perished in the wilderness except these two. The last notice we have of Caleb is when (being then eighty-five years of age) he came to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, after the people had gained possession of the land, and reminded him of the promise Moses had made to him, by virtue of which he claimed a certain portion of the land of Kirjath-arba as his inheritance (Josh. 14:6-15; 15:13-15; 21:10-12; 1 Sam. 25:2,3; 30:14).

He is called a "Kenezite" in Josh. 14:6,14. This may simply mean "son of Kenez" (Num. 32:12). Some, however, read "Jephunneh, the son of Kenez," who was a descendant of Hezron, the son of Pharez, a grandson of Judah (1 Chr. 2:5). This Caleb may possibly be identical with (2).

(4.) Caleb gave his name apparently to a part of the south country (1 Sam. 30:14) of Judah, the district between Hebron and Carmel, which had been assigned to him. When he gave up the city of Hebron to the priests as a city of refuge, he retained possession of the surrounding country (Josh. 21:11,12; comp. 1 Sam. 25:3).

One of the two survivors of the Israelites permitted to enter the land of promise Nu 14:30, 38; 26:63-65; 32:11-13; Deut 1:34-36; Jos 14:6-15

Sent to Canaan as a spy Nu 13:6

Brings favorable report Nu 13:26-30; 14:6-9

Assists in dividing Canaan Nu 34:19

Life of, miraculously saved Nu 14:10-12

Leader of the Israelites after Joshua's death Jud 1:11-12

Age of Jos 14:7-10

Inheritance of Jos 14:6-15; 15:13-16

Descendants of 1Ch 4:15

CALEB-EPHRATAH

A place near Bethlehem 1Ch 2:24

CALF

Calves were commonly made use of in sacrifices, and are therefore frequently mentioned in Scripture. The "fatted calf" was regarded as the choicest of animal food; it was frequently also offered as a special sacrifice (1 Sam. 28:24; Amos 6:4; Luke 15:23).

The words used in Jer. 34:18, 19, "cut the calf in twain," allude to the custom of dividing a sacrifice into two parts, between which the parties ratifying a covenant passed (Gen. 15:9, 10, 17, 18). The sacrifice of the lips, i.e., priase, is called "the calves of our lips" (Hos. 14:2, R.V., "as bullocks the offering of our lips." Comp. Heb. 13:15; Ps. 116:7; Jer. 33:11).

The golden calf which Aaron made (Ex. 32:4) was probably a copy of the god Moloch rather than of the god Apis, the sacred ox or calf of Egypt. The Jews showed all through their history a tendency toward the Babylonian and Canaanitish idolatry rather than toward that of Egypt.

Ages after this, Jeroboam, king of Israel, set up two idol calves, one at Dan, and the other at Bethel, that he might thus prevent the ten tribes from resorting to Jerusalem for worship (1 Kings 12:28). These calves continued to be a snare to the people till the time of their captivity.

The calf at Dan was carried away in the reign of Pekah by Tiglath-pileser, and that at Bethel ten years later, in the reign of Hoshea, by Shalmaneser (2 Kings 15:29; 17:33). This sin of Jeroboam is almost always mentioned along with his name (2 Kings 15:28 etc.).

Offered in sacrifice Mic 6:6

Golden, made by Aaron Ex 32:1 all; Deut 9:16; Ne 9:18; Ps 106:19; Ac 7:41

Images of, set up in Beth-el and Dan by Jeroboam 1Ki 12:28-33; 2Ki 10:29

Worshiped by Jehu 2Ki 10:29

Prophecies against the golden calves at Beth-el 1Ki 13:1-5, 32; Jer 48:13; Ho 8:5-6; 10:5-6

Altars of, destroyed 2Ki 23:4, 15-20

"Calves of the lips," a metaphor signifying worship Ho 14:2

CALKERS (CAULKERS)

workmen skilled in stopping the seams of the deck or sides of vessels. The inhabitants of Gebel were employed in such work on Tyrian vessels (Ezek. 27:9, 27; marg., "strengtheners" or "stoppers of chinks").

General scriptures concerning Eze 27:9, 27

CALL

PERSONAL .By Christ Isa 55:5

TO SPECIAL RELIGIOUS DUTY OF ABRAHAM Ge 12:1-3; Isa 51:2; Heb 11:8

MOSES Ex 3:2, 4, 10; 4:1-16; Ps 105:26; Ac 7:34, 35

AARON AND HIS SONS Ex 4:14-16 .See above, and Ps 105:26; Ex 28:1; Heb 5:4

JOSHUA Nu 27:18-19, 22, 23; Deut 31:14, 23; Jos 1:1-9

GIDEON Jud 6:11-16

SAMUEL 1Sa 3:4-10

SOLOMON 1Ch 28:6, 10

JEHU 2Ki 9:6, 7; 2Ch 22:7

CYRUS Isa 45:1-4

AMOS Am 7:14, 15

APOSTLES Mt 4:18-22; 9:9; Mr 1:16-17; 2:14; 3:13-19; Lk 5:27; 6:13-15; John 15:16

THE RICH YOUNG MAN Mr 10:21, 22

PAUL Ac 9:4-6, 15-16; 13:2-3; Ro 1:1; 1Co 1:1; 2Co 1:1; Ga 1:1; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 1Ti 1:1; 2Ti 1:1 .

ALL WHO ARE CALLED OF GOD 1Co 1:2, Ro 8:30; 9, 24; 1Th 2:11, 12; 2Th 2:13, 14; 2Ti 1:9; Heb 3:1-2, 7-8; 1Pe 5:10; 2Pe 1:3, 10; Jude 1:1; Re 17:14 .

See MINISTER, CALL OF

See BACKSLIDERS

See SEEKERS

CALNEH

Also called CANNEH and CALNO, a city of Assyria Ge 10:10; Isa 10:9; Eze 27:23; Am 6:2

CALVARY

Also called GOLGOTHA, place where Jesus was crucified Mt 27:33; Mr 15:22; Lk 23:33; Jn 19:17