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Index of Cults and Religions
By the Staff of Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Introduction
This Index contains brief definitions, descriptions or cross references on over 1,200 religious organizations and beliefs, as well as world religions (including Christianity) and related doctrines. Watchman Fellowship is a Christian apologetics and discernment ministry; thus, many references ("Jesus," "Gospel," "Christianity," etc.) contain definitions that reflect the beliefs of Watchman's staff. While Watchman Fellowship does not hold to the beliefs of non-Christian religions and doctrines, we also attempt to describe these beliefs factually, fairly and accurately. Readers are asked to assist in this effort by suggesting corrections or improvements.

This is by no means a complete list of cults and religions. Watchman Fellowship maintains over 10,000 files and a research library of over 25,000 books and periodicals on religions, cults, new religious movements and related teachings. The absence of a religious movement from this index does not mean that Watchman Fellowship endorses the organization.

How To Use This Index Begin your search by clicking on the highlighted letter below that is the first letter of the term for which you are searching (or, if your browser will do so, perform a word search for the term). If the term is listed, it will be followed by a brief definition. Most of these definitions contain highlighted words that are linked to the definitions for those words; clicking on the highlighted word will take you directly to that definition.

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Some Definitions
By using the terms "cult," "occult," and "New Age," Watchman Fellowship is in no way implying that the followers or leaders are necessarily evil or immoral people. It simply means that such groups seem to promote doctrine or practices which may be considered outside the realm of historic Christianity.

Cult

By its primary dictionary definition, the term cult just means a system of religious beliefs or rituals. It is based on a farming term in Latin meaning cultivation. Sociologists and anthropologists sometimes use the term cult to describe religious structure or belief patterns with meanings (usually non-pejorative) unique to their disciplines. In modern usage, the term cult is often used by the general public to describe any religious group they view as strange or dangerous. Thus, cult can describe religious leaders or organizations that employ abusive, manipulative, or illegal control over their followers' lives. In addition to these usages, Christians generally have a doctrinal component to their use of the word. Cult in this sense, is a counterfeit or serious deviation from the doctrines of classical Christianity. Watchman Fellowship usually uses the term cult with a Christian or doctrinal definition in mind. In most cases the group claims to be Christian, but because of their aberrant beliefs on central doctrines of the faith (God, Jesus, and salvation), the organization is not considered by Watchman Fellowship to be part of orthodox, biblical Christianity.

Occult

The term, "occult" comes from the Latin occultus or "hidden."

Generally the word is used of secret or mysterious supernatural powers or magical, religious rituals. The word "occult" in this publication is used to describe any attempt to gain supernatural power or knowledge apart from the God of the Bible. Generally it refers to witchcraft, satanism, neo-paganism, or various forms of Psychic discernment (astrology, seances, palm reading, etc.).

New Age

New Age is a recent and developing belief system in North America encompassing thousands of autonomous (and sometime contradictory) beliefs, organizations, and events. Generally the New Age borrows its theology from pantheistic Eastern religions and its practices from 19th century Western occultism. The term "New Age" is used herein as an umbrella term to describe organizations which seem to exhibit one or more of the following beliefs: (1) All is one, all reality is part of the whole; (2) Everything is God and God is everything; (3) Man is God or a part of God; (4) Man never dies, but continues to live through reincarnation; (5) Man can create his own reality and/or values through transformed consciousness or altered states of consciousness.

Index of Cults and Religions

A

3H0: See Healthy, Happy, and Holy
. 7 Habits of Highly Effective People:
A book by Stephen Covey
Aaronic Order,
Maurice Glendenning, Murry, UT: Splinter group from LDSThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), founded in 1942 by Glendenning after he was excommunicated by the LDS Church for receiving and publishing revelations later known as the Levitical Writings.
Abaddon:
(Hebrew for "The Destroyer"; in Greek, Apollyon) A demon described in the Bible as "the angel of the bottomless pit" (Revelation 9:11).

Abbey of Thelema

Old Greenwich, CT: Esoteric magic, teachings of Aleister Crowley

Abode of the Message,
Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, New Lebanon, NY: Sufism, alchemy, dowsing, meditation to lead to "inner attunement," ative American spirituality, sweat lodge
Academy for Guided Imagery,
Martin L. Rossman & David E. Bresler, Mill Valley, CA: Healing by altered states of consciousness, imagery training (i.e., visualization), hypnosis and magic

Academy of Religion and Psychical Research

Evanston, IL: Organization founded in 1956 to explore psychic occurrences and metaphysica experiences while evaluating the growing interest in occult phenomena in Christian churches. See Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship, Spiritualism, Divination

Actualism:
New Age teaching based on panentheism, according to which all human beings possess the divine Christ-consciousness and are united with the Mother-Father-Creator God.

Acupressure:

See Acupuncture

Chinese system of healing using needles or hand pressure (acupressure) applied to certain points on the body, traditionally believed to balance the
yin and yang energies in the body by opening blocked meridians (apexes in the pathways). Once the
chakras (key points or intersections) are open, the chi or energy, supposedly can then flow through the body bringing all things into harmony. While some limited physical effects (mostly anesthetic) can be attributed to this practice, these effects have scientific, physiological explanations totally unrelated to the mystical explanation, which derives from TaoismSee [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]Profile
available.

Adams, Dennis,
Mt. Shasta, CA: New Age, man is God.

Adelphi Organization,
Dallas, TX: New Age teachings on Atlantis, karma, seven planes of existence. See Stelle Group
Adeptco,
Chuck McDonald, Omaha, NE: Yoga, crystals, reincarnation, karma and Kabbalah teachings.

Advanced Organization of Los Angeles (AOLA):
Promotes Scientology philosophy.

Advanced Systems, Inc.:
See Zen Master Rama

Adventism

:
Widespread trans-denominational movement inspired by William Miller's prediction that Jesus' "advent" (return) would take place in 1844. Even after the Great Disappointment (the date's failure), many people in the movement continued to believe. Some suggested revised chronologies and new dates, eventually forming groups such as the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society Others, notably Hiram Edson and Ellen G. White, suggested that the 1844 date was accurate but that a heavenly (thus invisible) event had taken place. Their teachings became the basis of Seventh-day Adventism, which eventually spawned its own offshoots, including Armstrongism and the Branch Davidians

Aesthetic Realism Foundation,
Eli Seigel, New York: Happiness can be achieved through the harmony of opposites, e.g., realizing and accepting that the world is both beautiful and horrific (see Taoism). Educators have criticized the Foundation after public school teachers in New York introduced the philosophy into high school English, biology, and art courses.

Aetherius Society,
Sir George King: Clairvoyance, karma, reincarnation, psychometry, Great White Brotherhood, UFO, alchemy, occult secrets of Jesus, mantras
Affective Education:
Also called value-free, or non-directive, education. Influenced by the philosophy of Carl Rogers, affective education programs attempt to facilitate the emotional development of children in order to enhance the learning process, particularly focusing on self-esteem. This contrasts with traditional educational paradigms that focus on cognitive, or intellectual, practices such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Affective education has become particularly influential in drug awareness programs for youth.

Agasha Temple of Wisdom,
William Eisen, Los Angeles, CA: Universal consciousness of god, reincarnation, occult pyramidology, Ascended Masters
Agnosticism:
The claim (denied by Romans 1:18–20) that one has no knowledge of God or the origin of the universe. Some agnostics make the claim on a personal level, while allowing that such knowledge may exist but has never been known by themselves. Others assert that such knowledge cannot be had by anyone. Agnostics avoid the charge of dogmatic atheism by acknowledging the theoretical possibility of God's existence. Yet virtually all live as if the non-existence of God was an established fact, and are thus practical atheists
Agon Buddhism:
Sect of BuddhismUses the Agon Sutras as scriptures.

Agyeman, Jaramogi Abebe:
See Pan African Orthodox Christian Church

Ahabah Asah Prophetic Ministries:

See Gatekeepers

Ahmadiyya Movement:
Sect of Islam following the teachings of Ahmad (1835-1908), an Indian Muslim; most followers in the US are black, Indian, or Pakistani.

AION:
Magic, runes, goddess worship

Akashic Records:

Term used in theosophy designating an alleged library that exists on the astral plane containing all the thoughts, actions, and events of mankind. Mystics, through altered states of consciousness, tune into this library for information.

Alamo Christian Foundation:

Tony Alamo, leader of this group, has been imprisoned by authorities for alleged illegal activities. Teaches traditional Christianity is dead. Former followers have reported deplorable living conditions, mind control, and slave labor. Operates Music Square Church in TN, Holiness Tabernacle in Dyer, AR, and End Times Book is the publishing arm.

Alan Shawn Feinstein Association,
Cranston, RI: UFOs, contactee.

Alchemy:

In its original, literal meaning, theories and experiments involving the transmutation (dissolving and combining) of base metals to form gold though chemical and/or supernatural processes. Today, it caries the meaning of a mystical transformation in New Age consciousness through various mystical techniques.

Aleph:

New name adopted by Japanese doomsday-cult Aum Shinri Kyo January 18, 2000.

Aleph: Alliance for Jewish Renewal,
Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Philadelphia, PA: Combines Chassidic Judaism, Native American spirituality, Eastern mysticism, A Course in Miracles, and New Age practices. Emphasizes combining syncretistic spirituality and psychology.

Aletheia Psycho-Physical Foundation, Jack Schwarz, Ashland, OR: New Age seminars on the inner-self, paraconsciousness, meditation and visualization
All-One-God-Faith, Emanuel H. Bronner, Escondido, CA: Sells Dr. Bronner's Magic Soap, which claims to clean both body and soul. The soap is widely available in health-food stores. Teaches (like Process Theology) that God is continually recreating Himself. God desires all nations and religions to unite in an "All-One-God-Faith" on Spaceship Earth. This unification will come about through following 13 precepts and 20 directives revealed to Bronner by God.

All Souls Unitarian Church,
John Wolf, Tulsa, OK: See Unitarian-Universalist Association for similar theological perspective.

All Ways Free, Madison, WI: New Age periodical.

Allah: Arabic, Muslim name for God; see Islam.
Allegro, John: Wrote The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross. Alphabiotic New Life Center,
Dallas, TX: #New"ZNew Age seminars on one's divine being, Ramtha, yoga and channeling
Alphasonic International, Los Angeles, CA: Company specializing in tapes with subliminal messages

Altered States of Consciousness:

Trances entered through hypnosis, meditation, drugs (including hallucinogenics), visualization, etc. State of being in which one allows the subconscious to take control and guide. May heighten one's vulnerability to suggestion or susceptibility to deception.

Alternative Medicine:
See Holistic Health
Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America: See [[#Mon-Ka|Mon-Ka Retreat…]
Ambassador University, Big Sandy, TX: Now defunct Liberal arts and religious institution founded by Herbert Armstrong. See Armstrongism
Ambassadors For Christ, Tustin, CA: See Watchtower Bible and Tract Society for similar theological perspective.

Ameba, San Francisco, CA: Paganism, promotes the teachings of Aleister Crowley, Celtic rituals
American Academy of Dissident Sciences, Culver City, CA: Studying a wide array of conspiracy theories, the Academy focuses on UFOs and the Illuminati
American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine,
Fairfield, IA: Holistic health association founded by Deepak Chopra while he followed the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (see Ayurvedic medicine; Transcendental Meditation).

American Atheists, Inc.,

Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, Austin, TX: Advocates strict separation of church and state, and actively opposes Christian influence on society. O'Hair and two children disappeared in 1994 with a sizeable portion of the organization's assets. It is now believed they were murdered. Publishes American Atheist magazine.

American Babaji Yoga Sangam,
New York, NY: Hinduism-based philosophy, yoga
Americ an Constitution Committee: Political organization of the Unification Church
American Fellowship Services: Splinter group of The Way International
American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence: A branch of Transcendental Meditation
American Gnostic Church,
Daeva Ares Animo: Paganism, Kabbalah rituals, Egyptian magic, Satanism rituals of Anton LaVey, Gnostic Mass.

American Holistic Nurses Association, Amherst, MA: Trains medical nurses to use therapeutic touch and meditation with patients.

American Imagery Institute Milwaukee, WI: New Age teachings on visualization, astral projection
American Leadership College, Inc. Osceola, IA: New Age occult teachings on trance healings, mediumship, self-realization dreams.

American Pie and the Armageddon Bible Prophecy Home Page: The pop song American Pie, which prophesies the destruction of America, was foretold in the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32. See Apocalypse
American Society for Psychical Research, Simon Newcomb, New York, NY: ESP, out-of-body experiences, mediums, parapsychology, psychokinesis
American Study Group, UT: Defunct splinter group from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) that used the Book of Mormon and the teachings of LDS leaders to speculate on end-time events.

American Temple,

Michael Whitney, Portland, OR: A "fourth wave" esoteric and mystical order led by "Patriarch" Michael Whitney reviving the doctrines of the now defunct Holy Order of MANS

American West Publishers, Tehachapi, CA: UFOs cosmic laws of balance. Publishes the Phoenix Journal
American Zen Center: Zen Buddhism, shamanism, Sufism
AMOM: See Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek
AMOOKOS: Occult, magic, some Hinduism, man is already a master.

AMORC: See Rosicrucian Order

Ananda Marga,

Denver, CO: Philosophy and deities of []#Hinduism|Hinduism]], teaches meditation and yoga

Anchor of Golden Light, Dorothy and Henry Leon, Grants Pass, OR: UFOs, Ascended Masters, Kabbalah mysticism, alchemy, numerology Publishes the Anchor of Golden Light newsletter.

'Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek,

Malachi Z. York, Eatonton, GA: Also known as AMOM, Nuwaubians, the Nubian Nation of Moors, Right Knowledge. A UFO group whose leader, (a.k.a. Dwight York) claims to be form the 19th galaxy, called Illyuwn. A 1993 FBI report calls the group a "front for a wide range of criminal activity, including arson, welfare fraud and extortion." York's group has also operated under other names and organizations including the Nubian Islaamic [sic] Hebrew Mission, the Ansaaru Allah Community, (an Islamic sect with doctrines similar to Nation of Islam, and the Original Tents of Kedar.

Ancient Wisdom Connection, N. Myrtle Beach, SC: New Age channeling, numerology and belief in "Lord Sananda," who is an incarnation of Jesus

Angels:

Supernatural, non-human beings created by God. Angels worship God and serve as His messengers. The angels who followed Satan and rebelled against God are called demons

Anglo-Israelism: See British Israelism
Animal Magnetism: See Mesmerism

Animism:

The idea that all things in the universe are inherently invested with a life force, soul, or mind. This belief is an important component of many primitive religions, the occult, and spiritism

Annihilationism:

Taught by most Adventist groups, including the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, this doctrine denies the conscious, eternal punishment of the lost. Instead, humans who do not receive eternal life will be destroyed and cease to exist.

Anointed Class:

See Little Flock

Answers Research and Education,

Bud Cocherell, San Jose, CA: Man's destiny is to become a God, keep Old Testament festivals.

Anthropomancy: A form of divination based on psychic readings of the entrails of a human who has been ritualistically sacrificed.

Anthroposophic Society, Rudolf Steiner, Hudson, NY: Similar to the Chicago organization (below), possibly affiliated.

Anthroposophical Society,

Rudolf Steiner, Chicago, IL: Occult, related to Theosophy; teachings on karma, meditation, Atlantis and reincarnation

Apocalypse:

Also called Armageddon. From the Greek word apokalypsis, meaning "revelation, disclosure, or unveiling," the term apocalypse refers in the Bible to the summation of human history through God's direct judgment upon the world. Central in biblical apocalyptic literature is the Revelation to John (sometimes called The Apocalypse). A common feature of many pseudo-Christian groups is their attempts to predict the date of the apocalypse. For examples of groups that have falsely predicted the apocalypse, see Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days, Adventism, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society

Apostasy:
From the Greek word apostasis, meaning "rebellion," and the Latin word apostasia, meaning "abandonment," the term apostasy refers to a renunciation of the Christian faith. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society applies the label apostate to former Jehovah's Witnesses, who are then shunned by all Witnesses in good standing.

Apostle: From the Greek word apostolos, meaning "messenger," the term apostle refers to those leaders of the early Christian church who were chosen by Jesus. The criteria for being an apostle was 1) the individual was personally chosen by Christ; and 2) the individual must have personally seen Christ. Members of the top two quorums of leadership in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claim the title today.

Apostolic Churches:

A branch of Pentecostalism including several denominations as well as independent churches with the name "Apostolic"; many (but not all) Apostolic churches adhere to Oneness Pentecostalism

Apostolic Overcoming Holiness of God, Inc., Birmingham, AL: Pentecostal church, stresses the oneness of God while accepting the Triune Being of the Godhead. Salvation depends upon baptism, tarrying to receive the Holy Spirit, and holiness. Publishes The People's Mouthpiece magazine.

Apostolic United Brethren:
See Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren
Applewhite, Marshall:
See Heaven's Gate

Applied Kinesiology:

New Age diagnostic technique sometimes called "muscle testing." Often patients hold health care products (vitamins, herbs, etc) in their hand while the practitioner pulls or "tests" the reciprocal strength in the finger, arm, etc. to determine the effectiveness or dosage of the remedy. See Holistic Health

Aquarian Academy, Robert E. Birdsong, Eureka, CA: Jesus only an avatar of the Cosmic Christ, of the Great White Brotherhood of Light. Man's purpose is to reach the transcendental plane, release from the wheel of fate, astral projection, meditation, cosmic truths.

Aquarian Age Teaching, Ruby Focus, Sedona, AZ: Discover the God within, the Father-Mother god, Atlantis, Christ-consciousness
Aquarian Church of Universal Service,
Paul Shockley, Portland, OR: Teaches cosmic awareness but with no specific doctrine. Similar to Unitarian-Universalist
The Aquarian Conspiracy,
Marilyn Ferguson: A book documenting and advocating the widespread growth of the New Age movement.

Aquarian Educational Group,
Torkom Saraydarian, Sedona, AZ: Astrology, moon festivals, use the Bhagavad-Gita, Jesus only an avatarPublishes the Fiery Synthesis magazine.

Aquarian Foundation, Keith Milton Rhinehart, Seattle, WA: Universalism, yoga, spiritism, Theosophy-based philosophy.

'Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ:

Book written by Levi H. Dowling, a New Age, apocryphal story supposedly based on the Akashic Records

Aquarian Minyan,
Berkeley, CA: Jewish group, yoga, mysticism
Aquarian Perspectives Inter Planetary Mission,
Montgomery, AL: UFO group, receives messages from Futron and the Rainbow Star Legionnaires.

Aquarian Tabernacle Church, Index, WA: Paganism, worship of Mother Earth, goddess worship, sun and moon festival, magicPublishes the Panegyria newsletter.

Arcana Workshop,
Manhattan Beach, CA: Meditation, Great Invocation, moon festivals. Based on the teachings of Alice Bailey (see Arcane School). Publishes the Thoughtline newsletter.

Arcane School,

Alice Bailey: Occult, esoteric teachings, connected with Lucis Trust, formerly Lucifer Trust. Similar to Theosophy

Arefu:

Company created and owned by Japanese doomsday-cult Aum Shinri Kyo for real estate brokering, financing and seminars. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was also changing its own name to Arefu (Aleph, in English).

Arete Truth Center,
Paul Lachlan Peck, Las Vegas, NV: New Age, metaphysics, teaches balancing the body, mind and spirit.

Arguelles, Jose: New Ager who staged the Harmonic Convergence
Arizona Light, Phoenix, AZ: New Age periodical.

Arizona Metaphysical Society, Frank Alper, Phoenix, AZ: New Age seminars on rebirthing, astral projection, channeling, karma, reincarnation, and crystals Arizona Network News, Scottsdale, AZ: New Age periodical.

Arm of the Lord, Warren, OH: Teaches that it is a satanic idea to invite Jesus into "one's life."

Armageddon Time Ark Base Operation, O.T. Nodrog, Weslaco, TX: UFO group, channels messages from outer dimensional forces.

Armstrong, Garner Ted: Son of Herbert W. Armstrong who formed his own rival Armstrongism splinter group, the Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelistic Association. See Church of God, International
Armstrong, Herbert W.: See Armstrongism, Worldwide Church of God

Armstrongism:

The doctrines and religious movement originating with Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), who founded the Worldwide Church of God (WCG). Armstrong rejected such essential doctrines of evangelical Christianity as the Trinity, the full deity of Jesus Christ, and the personality of the Holy Spirit. Armstrong taught British Israelism and believed that worthy humans could eventually "become God as God is God." Teaches salvation by works predicated on Sabbatarianism, tithing (20-30%), and keeping the Old Testament feast days and dietary laws. Under the leadership of Armstrong's successors, Joseph W. Tkach and his son Joe Tkach, the WCG has undergone a radical doctrinal transformation. Scores of splinter groups, such as the Global Church of God and the United Church of God, continue to teach various forms of Armstrongism.

Arn Draiocht Fein, P.E.I. Bonewits, Nyack, NY: Paganism, Druids, polytheism, nature worship. Publishes News from the Mother Grove newsletter.

Aromatherapy:

Holistic health> practice of seeking to heal certain diseases or illnesses by inhaling scented steam or fragrances.

Aromatherapy Seminars, Los Angeles, CA: Holistic Healing therapy, oils healing the psyche. See Aromatherapy.

Arunachala Ashram, Bhagavan Sri Ramana: Hinduism -based philosophy, also called Maharshi Center, Inc.

Aryan Nations Church,
Hayden Lake, ID: A neo-Nazi paramilitary organization in the Christian Identity movement that preaches against all non-Caucasian groups. The Order, an Aryan Nations break-off group, killed Alan Berg, a Jewish radio personality in Denver, in 1984. The Aryan Nations received national notice in 1992 when the wife of member Randy Weaver was killed in a shootout with the FBI in Ruby Ridge, ID.

As It Is:
See Process Church of the Final Judgement
Asatru Free Assembly, Denair, CA: Paganism, worships Odin as Father-god, Frigga as Mother-god and Nerthus as Mother-Earth. Publishes The Runestone newsletter.

Ascended Master Teaching Foundation,
Mt. Shasta, CA: Occult, part of the I AM movement, Great White Brotherhood, similar to Theosophy

Ascended Masters:

Sometimes called the Great White Brotherhood Occult, New Age belief in alleged teachers or masters who live on an astral plane as non-physical entities beyond time and space. They can supposedly communicate spiritual truths to humans through channeling or other occult techniques. Membership includes Jesus, Buddha, St. Germain (see I AM movement), Ramtha (see Knight, J. Z.), Mafu (see Torres, Penny, Seth (see Roberts, Jane, and others.

Ascended Masters School of Light, Toni Moltzan, Carrollton, TX: New Age, channeling, Ascended Masters including Jesus, universal consciousness.

Ascension Week Enterprises, Santa Fe, NM: New Age, Channeling, reaching out to children with New Age programs.

ASCENT Foundation,
Larry Jensen, Sedona, AZ: New Age enlightenment, similar to Silva Mind Control, est, and Lifespring
Asheville Meditation Center, Asheville, NC: New Age, achieving man's divine nature, transcendence.

Assemblies of the Called Out Ones of "Yah," Sam Surratt, Milan, TX: Sacred Name movement
Assemblies of Yahweh,
Jacob Meyer, Bethel, PA: Publishes The Sacred Name Broadcaster magazine. See Sacred Name movement
Assemblies of Yahweh (7th day), Cisco, TX: See Sacred Name movement
Assembly of Scientific Astrologers,
George Cardinal, LeGrosoplin, MO: Esoteric astrology, karma and reincarnation
Assembly of Yahweh, Holt, MI: Founded in 1930, perhaps the oldest of the Sacred Name groups in America. Sabbatarianism Publishes The Faith
Assembly of YHW Yoshua, Pueblo, CO: Sacred Name movement
Associated Readers of Tarot International, Carbondale, IL: Tarot form of divination, Celtic rituals
Associates for Scriptural Knowledge, Ernest L. Martin, Portland, OR: Anti-denominational group whose Associates study doctrine through a Home Study Course. Teaches universalism, i.e., that all people will be saved (although not all will experience the first resurrection and live in Christ's millennial kingdom), and the Sacred Name doctrine (Martin claims that the name Yahweh was removed from the Bible by Jerome). Martin was fired by the Foundation for Biblical Research (an Armstrongism splinter group in Alhambra, CA) in 1984 for espousing these doctrines. Publishes a "restored" Bible called The Manuscript Version of the Bible, and The ASK Communicator.
Association for Christian Development, Kenneth Westby Auburn, WA: Armstrongism splinter group.

Association for Past-Life Research and Therapies, Inc. Riverside, CA: New Age, reincarnation and astrology

Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.),

Edgar Cayce, Virginia Beach, VA: Pantheism, trance medium (or channeling, life readings, reincarnation

Association for the Understanding of Man, Austin, TX: New Age, channeling, psychic reading, altered states of consciousness
Association of Unity Churches: The denominational structure affiliated with the Unity School of Christianity
Association Sananda & Sanat Kumara, Mt. Shasta, CA: New Age, channeling Christ-consciousness teachings.

Astara, Robert & Evelyn Chaney: New Age, spiritism, yogaPublishes Voice of Astara

Astral Projection:

New Age occult doctrine teaching methods to induce an out of body experience (OBE), in which one's soul (i.e., astral body) departs the physical body, travels to various parts of the universe, then re-enters the body. Usually a "cord" is said to connect the soul and body at all times. Also called astral travel.

Astro Computing Services, San Diego, CA: Astrology
Astrology: An ancient fatalistic system of divination using the position of the planets, moon and sun in the twelve Zodiac positions at the moment of one's birth to gain occult or hidden knowledge of the future. Profile available.

Astrology and Psychic News, N. Hollywood, CA: New Age periodical.

Atheism:

The assertion, to be taken on faith, that there is no God. Some atheists, such as Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, have fought to prevent any recognition of God in public life. See American Atheists, Inc.

Atlantic Pagan Council: Association of East Coast pagan covens, magic, moon festivals, paganismPublishes the Atlantic Pagan Council Amateur Publishers' Association newsletter.

Atlantis:

A mythical island/continent said to have sunk beneath the ocean. Purported to have been a highly advanced civilization. New Agers often claim to have recovered lost mystical wisdom and knowledge from Atlantis, sometimes through channeling

Atman: A term used in Hinduism referring to the eternal or real self and sometimes refering to the principle of life in all things.

At-one-ment:

Term used by several Mind Science or New Thought religions (such as Christian Science) referring to the supposed metaphysical unity or "oneness" of human beings and God as demonstrated by Christ Contrast the Christian term "atonement," which refers to Christ's death on the cross as the means by which he reconciled sinful human beings to God.

Aum Shinri Kyo,

Shoko Asahara, Tokyo, Japan: Aum (a mantra) Shinri Kyo (Supreme Truth) is the apocalyptic Buddhist sect suspected in the 1995 subway nerve gas murders in Japan. Police raiding cult compounds discovered stockpiles of nerve gas and the basic ingredients of biological warfare. Sect leaders have been charged with abduction and "murder preparation." Aum leader, Chizuo Matsumoto (now called Shoko Asahara), predicted the end of the world between 1997 and 2000. The Dalai Lama, the leader of Tibetan Buddhism, has denied Aum claims that Asahara was ever his disciple. The sect has about $29 million in assets and 10,000 disciples in Japan and 30,000 in Russia. The sect has followers in other countries including the U.S. and Australia. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was changing its name to Arefu (Aleph, in English). Profile available.

Aum Supreme Truth: See Aum Shinri Kyo

Aura:

A subtle light or energy field said to surround people or objects. Mystics explain that from the color of the aura, a person's emotional and intellectual moods can be determined.

Author Services, Inc.: Promotes Scientology philosophy.

Automatic Writing:

Inspired from the spirit world, the writer has no conscious muscular control of his hands or arms. Found in many occult and New Age groups.

Avanta Network, Palo Alto, CA: New Age, works by Virginia Satir promoted, positive and negative energies.

Avatar:

Hindu concept of an earthly manifestation of one of the gods in human or animal form, e.g., Krishna is an avatar of Vishnu.

Avatar, Flagstaff, AZ: New Age seminars similar to est and Lifespring, enables participant to have conscious shift of beliefs.

Awake! Magazine published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
Awareness Research Foundation, Inc., North Miami, FL: Astrology, Atlantis, UFOs, ESP and Lord Sananda.

Ayurvedic Lifestyle Center, Pearl Miller, Reno, NV: Eastern mysticism, meditation, homeopathy

Ayurvedic Medicine

: Promoted by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Deepak ChopraTeaches the balancing of vibrational centers for health through diet, exercise, herbs, and purification procedures.

B

Baba, Sai: Indian guru, Hinduism, meditation, Kundalini yoga.

Bahá'í Faith,

The, Bahá‘u'lláh: A sect of Islam evolving into a major independent religion with approximately five million believers worldwide. Buddha, Jesus, Muhammad, Bahá‘u'lláh and others are viewed as a succession of divine messengers. A 19th century Persian teacher, the Báb, (or "Gate") predicted Bahá'u'lláh's coming. BahÃ¡'Ã advocates a new global order of sexual equality, a one-world economic system to eliminate poverty, and a one-world religion. Profile available.

Bailey, Alice:

Founder of the Arcane School Profile available.

Baphomet:

The Goat God, also called the Sabbath Goat, the Great God Pan, Abraxas, Thanateros, or the Horned God. Often used as a symbol of Satan, especially in Satanism, and depicted as a Goat's Head symbol, an upside down five-pointed star (cf. pentagram), or a man with horns and goat-legs.

Baptism for the Dead:

Practice of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) whereby living members are baptized by proxy for people who have died without knowing the LDS Gospel If these dead persons then accept the LDS gospel while in Spirit Prison, they can potentially attain full salvation or godhood (exaltation). This ceremony is performed only in an LDS Temple. See Baptismal Regeneration

Baptismal Regeneration:

The belief that regeneration (i.e., the new birth), and therefore salvation or eternal life, is conditioned upon water baptism. Most groups teaching this doctrine also add that proper mode (immersion or sprinkling) and/or proper minister (one authorized by the organization) is necessary. All Christians should be baptized (Matthew 28:19). The teaching that baptism is a prerequisite for salvation, however, is considered by many evangelicals to be a heretical compromise of the biblical gospel of salvation by grace alone (Ephesians 2:8-10). The extreme version of baptismal regeneration, which denies the salvation even of baptized Christians outside some particular church group, is clearly heretical. See Salvation by Works, Salvation by Grace, Gospel

Bear Tribe Medicine Society, Spokane, WA: Native American spirituality, Mother Earth, medicine wheel, moon ceremonies.

The Beatles: A highly influential rock-and-roll group from the 1960s. In 1966 they became involved in Transcendental Meditation; later both John Lennon and George Harrison repudiated TM. Harrison then became a devotee of ISKCON and recorded his hit single "My Sweet Lord" as a devotion to Lord KrishnaThe Beatles are widely credited with increasing the popularity of Eastern religions in the United States.

Believers International

, Tucson, AZ: Compiling a compendium of all of William Branham's teachings. Publishes Believer's News.

Bell, Art: Popular late-night radio talk show host. While his Coast to Coast weeknight broadcast and Dreamland weekend broadcast focus on a wide array of New Age and occult issues, as well as many conspiracy theories, one of the most common subjects discussed by guests on the program is UFOs.

Beltane:

Occult, Celtic holiday, also called Walpurgisnacht, celebrated on the night of April 30. Celts are alleged to have conducted fertility rituals and human sacrifice.

Bermuda Triangle: Geographically, the Triangle composes the southwestern quadrant of the North Atlantic, with apexes in Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and in the Gulf of Mexico west of Florida. Some people involved in the occult and UFO studies believe the Triangle is a supernaturally dangerous area, with many ships and airplanes disappearing in the Triangle in the 20th century.

Bernard, David:
A well-known Oneness Pentecostal writer and speaker.

Besant, Annie:

Successor to Madame Blavatsky (founder of Theosophy) who proclaimed Krishnamurti as the Messiah. (Krishnamurti later renounced that role).

Bet Hashem – The House of YHWH, New Haven, IN: Sacred Name, man is the offspring of light, conversion is the union with the light.

Beth El Shaddai, Dick Amos, Plano, TX: Dual Covenant doctrine, denies Jesus is God.

Beth HaShem, Jacob Hawkins, Odessa, TX: Sacred name, Sabbatarianism, keeps Old Testament feasts and laws for salvation. Publishes The Prophetic Watchman newsletter.

Bhagavad-Gita:

Meaning "Song of the Lord," this scripture is used in Hinduism and ISKCON

Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh: Though this Indian guru is deceased, many followers still practice his unique form of Hindu philosophy and sexual yoga system to gain enlightenment.

Bhakti Yoga: Type of yoga or spiritual exercise involving devotion to a guru

Bible:

Considered scripture by Christianity Consists of the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian scriptures (New Testament).

Bible Believers, Inc.: See Branham, William
Bible Code, Michael Drosnin: Bestselling 1997 book teaches that prophecies are hidden in a complex network of letters and words within the Old Testament. Drosnin claims that he attempted to warn Israeli leader Yitzak Rabin of his impending assassination based on a prediction in the biblical code. The theory is a form of numerology and has some associations with the Jewish occultism of the Kabbalah
Bible Speaks, The: Former name of Greater Grace World Outreach

Bible Students:

Various semiautonomous groups that broke away from the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society after Joseph Rutherford took control of the organization. Reprints the early writings of Watchtower founder Charles Taze Russell including Divine Plan of the Ages. Groups across the country go under various names (e.g., Fort Worth Bible Students, Chicago Bible Students, etc.).

Bible Talks: Home and campus group studies sponsored by the International Churches of Christ
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ:
Oneness Pentecostalism denomination.

Bible Way Publications,
Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Bible Students group.

Biblical Church of God,
Santa Cruz, CA: Armstrongism splinter group.

Biblical Research Centers: Regional centers for The Way International
Bind: See Spell
Bioenergy: New Age practice of healing. Balances the life-energy by opening blocked meridians (see acupuncture).

BioEnergetic Synchronization Techniques: New Age method using the body's life force to heal itself.

Biofeedback: The use of EEG (electroencephalographic) feeback instruments to monitor brain waves and skin resistance with the goal of modification of brain waves. Participants can learn to control heart rates or generate brain wave activity (alpha, beta, and delta) at will to induce altered states of consciousnessEnhances the capacity for relaxation and/or inducing meditative states and physiological control similar to that in yoga and Zen
Biointegration, Ross Algelo, Dallas, TX: New Age, body alignment, yoga, reflexology, rebirthing
Bio-Magnetics: New Age, the realigning of magnetic fields allegedly surrounding the body.

BioPsciences Institute, Minneapolis, MN: Astrology
Black Mass: A ritual in Satanism that attempts to negate or profane the Catholic Mass. Black candles are used and Catholic prayers recited backwards. Allegedly, the communion is occasionally performed using human blood and flesh.

Black Muslim: Generic term referring to Nation of Islam and related groups.

Black Christian Nationalist Movement: See Pan African Orthodox Christian Church
Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna:
Founder of Theosophy
Blessed Be: A common greeting used among Wiccans to invoke or wish happiness and well-being.

Blood Atonement Doctrine:

The belief, taught by the second Mormon Prophet, Brigham Young, that for certain sins the blood of Christ will not atone and for which the sinner's own blood must be shed to receive forgiveness (Journal of Discourses, Vol. 4, p. 53). No longer taught by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the belief is often preached and sometimes practiced by members of Mormon Fundamentalist splinter groups. To this day, Utah allows condemned murders to face execution by firing squad rather than methods that do not shed the criminal's blood, such as lethal injection or the electric chair.

Blue Lotus, Wilmot, WI: New Age periodical.

Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, Eknath Easwaran, Petaluma, CA: Hindu philosophy, meditation, uses the Bhagavad-Gita
Blue Rose Ministry, Robert Short, Joshua Tree, CA: UFOs, messages from the "space brothers," channelingPublishes the Solar Space-Letter
Blue Star, Mary Thunder, West Point, TX: New Age, sweat lodge, channeling, Spiritual University.

B'nai Noah:

Dual covenant doctrine, teaches Jesus is not the Savior of the Jews, Gentiles are to keep the Seven Laws of Noah and study the Torah (or Old Testament) with Jewish Rabbis.

Body, Mind and Soul: Houston, TX: New Age periodical.

Body, Mind and Spirit: Providence, RI: New Age magazine.

Book of Changes:
See I Ching

Book of Mormon:

One of the scriptures or "Standard Works" accepted by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other sects originating from Joseph Smith, including the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and various Mormon Fundamentalist groups.

Book of Shadows: A journal for recording occult activities.

Bookmark, Santa Clarita, CA: Christian Science splinter group.

Borderland Science Research Foundation
Garberville, CA: Alchemy, dowsing, UFOs, astrology

Born Again:

Biblical term used to describe regeneration (John 3:3-7). Some New Age followers teach that the term was Christ's reference to reincarnation or rebirthing In context, Jesus was speaking of a spiritual event effected by God through the Holy Spirit (see verses 6-8) to restore a sinful, fallen human to right relationship with Him (see verses 16-21). See Gospel

Boston Church of Christ:
See International Churches of Christ

Bradshaw, John:

Prominent New Age teacher on PBS and author of Healing the Inner Child.

Brahma:

The creator and first member of the triad of demigods in Hinduism, including Shiva and Vishnu.

Brainwashing:

Forced indoctrination using various techniques to cause a subject to abandon basic political, social, or religious ideas or beliefs and replace those ideals with a contrasting belief system. A translation of a Chinese word xinao, "brainwashing" became a popular term to describe the phenomena of radical change in behavior and core beliefs that took place in some prisoners of war held in Chinese camps in the mid-twentieth century. In a more general sense, the word is sometimes used to describe any form of persuasion perceived to be unethical that results in a radical and negative change in personality. See Lifton, Robert, Mind Control

Branch Davidians,

Benjamin Roden: Splinter group of the Seventh Day Adventist Church David Koresh (A.K.A. Vernon Howell) was leader from 1984 to 1993. He and many of his most devout followers were killed when their headquarters near Waco, TX, was destroyed by fire in 1993 during a government raid. Taught knowledge of the Seven Seals of the Book of Revelation brought salvation. Many followers still believe Koresh's messianic claims and expect him to be resurrected soon.

Branham, William

(1909-1965): Oneness Pentecostal preacher who claimed he received healing and prophetic powers from an angel. Denied the Trinity, taught the serpent seed doctrine, and rejected other Pentecostal and traditional Christian churches. "Branhamism" is still taught at the Branham Tabernacle in Jeffersonville, IN, and in many other places around the world. Profile available.

Brethren,

Jim Roberts: Also known as "the Garbage Eaters," the group follows the teachings of "Brother Evangelist" Roberts. The group requires renouncing both family and worldly possessions in order to earn salvation (see Salvation by works. Members travel nomadically, earning their nickname because of their practice of eating discarded food. Family members note that Roberts hides relatives, moving the individuals to avoid familial contact. Note: This group is not affiliated with the Church of the Brethren, an Anabaptist denomination.

Brinkley, Dannion: As chronicled in his bestseller Saved by the Light, Brinkley allegedly underwent a near-death experience after being struck by lightning. He teaches people to perform "life reviews" to enhance their perception of life and death and to find their life missions. He operates a hospice organization called Compassion in Action / The Twilight Brigade.

British Israelism:

(Anglo-Israelism/Israelitism) The doctrine that the true identity of modern Israel (or the "ten lost tribes") is Britian and (sometimes) the British colonies (America). The monarchs of England sit on the throne of David. In more extreme forms, Israel is identified with a particular race—usually white Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Scandinavian people. Opposing versions of doctrine teach that Blacks are God's Chosen People, Israel. See Christian Identity Movement, Serpent seed doctrine

Brotherhood and Order of the Pleroma, Richard Duc de Palatine, Sherman Oaks, CA: New Age revival of Gnosticism, God and man are the same being.

Brotherhood of Eternal Truth, New Albany, IN: Spiritualism, astrology, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis, channeling, magic, past life regressionAlso known as Center of Light and Life.

Brotherhood of Seth, Ellsworth, ME: Paganism, homosexual or homophilic magic, teachings of Aleister Crowley
Brotherhood of the Followers of the Present Jesus, Ann and Peter Meyer, San Diego, CA: Alchemy, Christ-consciousness in each person, channeling and clairvoyance
Brotherhood of the White Temple, Inc., M. Doreal, Castle Rock, CO: New Age/occult metaphysical teachings, soul illumination, three planes of existence.

The Bruderhof Community: A communal society started in Germany in the 1920s and based on the sixteenth-century Moravian Anabaptist sect of Jacob Hutter, which was part of the Radical Reformation. The group is also called the Society of Brothers and the Hutterian Brethren. The basic theology of the group is Protestant but, according to former members and other critics, the group exercises inappropriate control over the members and practices shunning and other forms of spiritual abuse

Buddha:

Siddhartha Gautama Buddha ("enlightened one") was born about 560 BC in northeastern India and, according to legend, received spiritual enlightenment through meditationDuring his lifetime, his spiritual insights and teachings became a major alternative to Hinduism throughout India. Diverse versions of his teachings can be found worldwide today. See Buddhism

Buddha's Universal Church, San Francisco, CA: Similar to Buddhism in theology.

Buddhism:

World religion based on the spiritual teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Buddha There are a number of versions or sects of Buddhism generally teaching paths to Nirvana (enlightenment or bliss) though the four noble truths (recognizing existence and source of suffering) and the eightfold path (correct understanding, behavior and meditation. Some variations of Buddhism include traditional Theravada schools of India, Mahayana Buddhism, which became very popular in China and Japan, and Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism) in Tibet. Two more recent forms that have had great influence in America are Zen and Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism.

Builders, Norman Paulsen, Oasis, NV: New Age, Christ-consciousness, meditation, Father-Mother God, enlightenment.

Builders of the Adytum, Paul Foster Case, Los Angeles, CA: Occult, Kabbalah, Tarot, spiritual alchemy, [[#Esoteric|esotericastrology
Burning Man Festival, Black Rock Desert, NV: An annual festival celebrating neo-paganism and Satanism The name comes from the culmination of the festival, in which a wooden man with outstretched arms (resembling a crucifix) is burned by the crowd.

Buzzworm:
New Age /environmental periodical.

C

C.O.B.U.: See Church of Bible Understanding. Cabalah: See Kabbalah.
Caelum Moor, Arlington, TX: Private park (now closed) containing menhirs (large upright stones) similar to those found at Stonehenge. Newspaper reports claim trespassers have used the site for pagan ceremonies. See Stonehenge

Campbell, Joseph:

Best known for his book and PBS series with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth, which teaches all religions are based on common mythological themes, best interpreted through a New Age world view.

CAN:
See Cult Awareness Network
Canfield, Jack: New Age education author, editor of popular Chicken Soup books. Very influential in the public school arena.

Cantillation Research Foundation,< John Diamond, Valley Cottage, NY: New Age, pantheism, All is God, All is Mother.

CARP:
See Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles
Castaneda, Carlos:
New Age author of The Teachings of Don Juan series. He helped popularize [[#NatAm|Native Americanshamanism, the hallucinogenic peyote, and New Age occultism
Castle Rising,
Denver, CO: Paganism, magic, psychic impressions, moon festivals, crystals Publishes the Castle Rising newsletter.

Catholicism:
See Roman Catholicism
CAUSA:
Organization affiliated with the Unification Church

Cayce, Edgar:

See Association For Research and Enlightenment

Celestine Prophecy, The:

A best-selling New Age book by James Redfield that teaches enlightenment through the fictional "Nine Insights" contained in secret manuscripts written by Maya natives in the jungles of Peru.

Celticism, Celts:

The Celts were a group of related tribes whose territory extended throughout Europe early in the first millennium AD, but who are most commonly associated with the British Isles. The Celts worshipped local deities (frequently associated with nature), often served by a priestly class of DruidsHuman sacrifice was important to Druidic religion. Modern neo-pagans frequently claims to be Celtic, although the modern beliefs and practices bear little resemblance to ancient Celticism.

Celtic Christianity:
Augustine of Canterbury evangelized England in the late 6th ? early 7th centuries. His work was later taken by Patrick to Ireland, who is largely credited with establishing the Celtic church. Celtic Christianity was heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church, to which it was allied, although many individuals claim a greater reverence for nature in the Celtic tradition. Differences in practice within the Celtic church were gradually eradicated during the Middle Ages as the Roman papacy asserted its authority over Ireland. Modern groups that claim to revive Celtic Christianity are frequently a mixture of Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, with few legitimate ties to the early Celtic church. Nonetheless, these groups should not be confused with neo-pagan groups that also claim to be Celtic.

Center for Action and Contemplation, Albuquerque, NM: Yoga, Enneagram workshops.

Center for Advanced Communication and Training, Carrollton, TX: New Age, hypnosis, Neuro-Linguistic Programming
Center for Alternate Realities,
Durango, CO: Metaphysics, crystals, shamanism, runes, Tarot Cards, guided meditation, palm reading
Center for Personal and Planetary Empowerment,
Austin, TX: New Age, meditation, alchemy
Center For Spiritual Awareness,
Roy Eugene Davis, Lakemont, GA: New Age, enlightenment, man's higher self, cosmic-consciousness.

Center for Studies on New Religions,
Massimo Introvigne, Torino, Italy: Introvigne studies new and alternative religious groups. He and his work, which is frequently supportive of new religions, are often used by alternative religious groups to support their activities when pursuing governmental recognition.

Center for Wisdom Spirituality,
Paradise, PA: UniversalismPublishes the Interconnections newsletter.

Center for World Networking,
Soguel, CA: UFO, psychic, yoga, Universal Energy.

Center of the Light,

Great Barrington, MA: New Age, Native American religions, reflexologyPublishes The Light Journal

The Centers Network:
See est
Centre de Recherche sur l'Energie Humaine Universelle (CREHU): See Spiritual Human Yoga
Centric, Houston, TX: New Age periodical.

Cesar,

San Antonio, TX: Assistant to Papa Jim[[#Occult|Occultspells, hexes, curses, voodoo, witchcraft (see Wicca.

Chakras:

New Age, said to be centers for cosmic energy in the human body that are aligned to allow the Kundalini energy to proceed from the base of the spine to the top of the forehead.

Champaign-Urbana Church of Christ:
Member, International Churches of Christ

Channeling:

New Age term for the occult practice of Spiritualism (also called trance channeling). Spirit beings, Ascended Masters, deceased humans, familiar spirits, or animal spirits allegedly communicate important messages by temporarily entering the body and controlling the voice of a host (channel or medium). Most channelers give the same basic message, that man is a God. Profileavailable.

Chapel of Prayer,
Eleanor Button, Houston, TX: Psychic readings, channeling, crystals, astrology, self-healing meditation
Cheetham, John:
See Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research

Chen Tao,

Hon-ming Chen (The Right Way, God's Salvation Church, God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation): Apocalyptic Taiwanese UFO group that drew international media attention when they predicted that God would descend to their Garland, TX, headquarters in a flying saucer on March 31, 1998. Publishes Practical Evidence and Study of the World of God and Buddha, God's Descending in Clouds (Flying Saucers) on Earth to Save People. Additional articles and press releases available Profile available.

Chi:

Invisible energy or force alleged to make up the universe and flow through all living things via meridians or chakrasSee Taoism, Yin and Yang, Acupuncture

Chicago Bible Students,
Chicago, IL: Largest and best known of the independent "Bible student" groups. Reprints the early writings of Watchtower Bible and Tract Society founder Charles Taze Russell, including Divine Plan of the Ages.

Children of God:
See The Family (Children of God)
Chinmaya International Foundation,
Swami Chinmayananda, Piercy, CA: Eastern mysticism, yoga, meditationPublishes the MU News
Chinmoy, Sri:
Hindu philosophy, meditation
Chinook Learning Center,
Fritz and Vivienne Hull, Clinton, WA: Native American Earth-Spirit philosophy, shamanism, meditation, called one of the most important New Age centers.

Chiromancy:
See Palm Reading
Chiropractic Medicine:
A holistic health practice whereby practitioners use a form of manipulative therapy to treat musculoskeletal problems. While many chiropractors are not engaging in alternative religious activities via their practice, critics claim that some chiropractors engage in chiropractic medicine in accordance with the Taoist principle of facilitating the flow of chi
Choice Experience, A,
Jerry Stocking, Chetek, WI: New Age, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, "other-than-consciousness" techniques.

Choosing Light,
Mill Valley, CA: New Age, meditation, telepathic communication from Higher Dimension Guides and teachers.

Chopra, Deepak:

Noted New Age and health author and lecturer. See Ayurvedic MedicineProfile available.

Christ:

Based on the Greek christos meaning "anointed one," equivalent to the Hebrew "messiah." Generally used in the Old Testament of one who has been anointed with oil and/or set apart for a specific mission, as was David, the king of Israel (see 1 Sam. 16:13). Specifically used to speak of the promised messiah/savior of Israel and the world. Christians believe this to be Jesus of Nazareth, who died to atone for human sin. Other religions believe in a succession of Christ figures through history, sometimes including Jesus, who were great teachers. New Age groups sometimes understand the term "Christ" as a reference to the deity found in all humanity (the Cosmic Christ). Thus, Jesus was conscious of his deity or "the Christ within" and others can have this same "Christ-consciousness" by realizing that they, too, are divine. Other religious leaders have historically claimed to hold the office or ministry of Christ including Unification Church founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon. Biblical warnings are given for "false Christs" (Mark 13:22). Scripture also speaks of an antichrist and of antichrists who stand against and/or instead of the true Christ (1 John 2:18).

Christ Cathedral for Divine Abundance,
Alexius Bassey, London: Universalism, Divine Consciousness.

Christ-consciousness:

New Age term expressing the belief that Christ is a divine potential in all human beings of which only some people are aware or conscious, rather than a unique title for Jesus

Christ Family,
Charles McHugh: McHugh, a.k.a. Lightening Amen, claims to be the incarnation of JesusFollowers dress in robes, no shoes, practice vegetarianism.

Christ Light Community:
See New Age Church of Truth
Christ the Savior Brotherhood:
See Holy Order of MANS
Christadelphianism,
John Thomas: Teaches that Jesus is a created being, Holy Spirit is Power of God, and salvation by worksAlso rejects the ideas of heaven and hell. It has several splinter groups.

Christian Community:
Based on teachings of Rudolf Steiner, founder of the Anthroposophical Society
Christian Fellowship, The:
See Potter's House
Christian Foundation,
Canyon County, CA: See Alamo Christian Foundation

Christian Identity movement:

The belief that the true identity of the ten lost tribes of Israel is the white, Anglo-Saxon race. The belief is similar to but distinct from the doctrine of British Israelism A number of independent churches and organizations (including some militant racist groups) make up the general movement. Most deny the TrinitySome teach a form of the Serpent Seed doctrine, believing that Jews are descendants of Eve's alleged sexual relations with the serpent (Genesis 3) and are thus not fully human. Many also hold that non-Whites are descended from the union of Cain and a woman from a supposed pre-Adamite race. Profile available.

Christian Millennial Fellowship,
Hartford, CT: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society splinter group (see Bible Students). Publishes The New Creation periodical.

Christian Prayer Center,
Mother Martin, Washington, D.C.: Native American spirituality and rituals, voodoo
Christian Renewal Ministry,
Saratoga, CA: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society splinter group (see Bible Students).

Christian Rose Cross Church,
Olympia, WA: Based on the teachings of Max Heindel (see Rosicrucian Fellowhip), Cosmic Christ, Universal religion.

Christian Science,

Mary Baker Eddy, Boston, MA: Officially called Church of Christ, Scientist. Eddy's teaching heavily indebted to Phineas P. Quimby, a mesmerist Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures functions as a virtual second canon of Scripture. Views God as infinite Mind, "the animating divine Principle of all that is real and good." Matter is unreal; thus, so are sickness and death, which are overcome by believing that we are Mind. Seeking medical help is discouraged, frequently resulting in preventable deaths. Christ is "the divine manifestation of God" most fully seen in Jesus, who only seemed to die. The "Holy Ghost" is Divine Science, that is, Christian Science. The orthodox doctrine of the Trinity is rejected as polytheistic. Many New Age ideas have historical roots in Christian Science and related Mind Science groups. Profile available.

Christianity,

Jesus Christ: Major world religion developed in the first century AD based on the belief that Jesus of Nazareth was the promised Messiah or Christ of Israel. Followers, called Christians, were initially viewed as a sect of Judaism It quickly developed as a separate religion as Jewish Christians became outnumbered by non-Jewish converts and, through a strong missionary emphasis, Christianity became a diverse worldwide movement. Their scripture is the Bible, which contains the Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian Scriptures (New Testament). Except for cults, aberrant sects, and Liberal Christianity, those who claim to be Christians have historically believed the following: There is only one true God eternally revealed in three distinct Persons - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (the Trinity). Human beings are sinners who (without the grace of God received through faith in Christ) are eternally lost. Jesus, who is God in the flesh, died on the cross and rose physically from the dead as the sole and sufficient payment for the sins of humanity. See Gospel, Born Again, Fundamental Christianity, Evangelical Christianity, Protestant Christianity, Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism, Salvation by Grace, Salvation by Works

Christward Ministry,
Escondido, CA: New Age, guided meditation, Christ-consciousness
Chrysalis:
Swedenborg Foundation periodical.

Chuang-tzu:
Legendary founder of Taoism
Church, The,
Jim Roberts: See Brethren
Church at San Diego,
Paul and Patrica Carroll: Current leaders Vincent and Patricia Izacic (a.k.a. Xavier). Shepherding, mind control
Church For Positive Living,
Dean Davis Bedford, TX: Native American spirituality, yoga, creative meditation, visualization
Church in York,
Bernard Haygood, York, PA: Shepherding, baptismal regeneration
Church of All Worlds,
Otter Zell, Berkeley, CA: Occult/Pagan theologyPublishes the Green Egg periodical.

Church of Bible Understanding (C.O.B.U.):

A controversial network of churches, headquartered in New York, that historically has been charged with spiritual abuse due to legalism, undue influence, and control mechanisms.

Church of Christ:
See Churches of Christ
Church of Christ-Consciousness:
See Center of the Light
Church of Christ Jesus:
See International Churches of Christ
Church of Christ, Scientist:
Official name for Christian Science
Church of Christ, Temple Lot,
Granville Hedrick, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message,
Otto Fetting, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message,
Greenwood, MO: 1998 splinter group from Otto Fetting's group of the same name.

Church of Cosmic Origin,
Hope Troxell, June Lake, CA: New Age, Community, Cosmic Christianity, additional scripture includes The Book of Enoch
Church of Divine Influence:
Alignment with the Divine Will of the Wise Movement of the Universe.

Church of Essential Science,

Scottsdale, AZ: Kabbalah, cosmic laws of Divine spark to achieve salvation, God was All in the beginning.

Church of E Yada di Shi-ite,

Mark Probert, Mountain View, CA: New Age, channeling, UFO contactee.

Church of Freethought:
A social organization for atheists that provides the opportunities for socializing, community service, and social support offered by theistic churches.

Church of God and True Holiness,
Robert Carr, Raleigh, NC: Allegedly practice slavery and mind control

Church of God Evangelistic Association,

David J. Smith, Richardson, TX: Armstrongism splinter group. Denies Trinity, personality of the Holy Spirit, and the bodily resurrection. Teaches annihilationism, salvation by law-keeping, Sabbatarianism, and that man can become a member of "the God family" (Godhead). Publishes Newswatch Magazine and Newswatch radio and television programs.

Church of God, (Abrahamic Faith),
Wenatchee, WA: Adventist group, similar to the Bible Students groups; rejects the Trinity, teaches annihilationismPublishes Notes For Bible Students newsletter.

Church of God Family Counseling Center,
William Miller, Dallas, TX: Miller claims to be the savior.

Church of God General Conference,
Oregon, IL: Rejects the TrinityMain headquarters for the Church of God, Abrahamic Faith.

Church of God, International,

Garner Ted Armstrong, Tyler, TX: Armstrongism break-off group. Armstrong recently stepped down from his top leadership position amidst allegations of sexual misconduct and litigation. Publishes the International News and Twentieth Century Watch periodicals.

Church of God Philadelphia Era,
David Fraser, Pasadena, CA: Armstrongism break-off group. Publishes the Proclaim Liberty magazine.

Church of God (Seventh Day),
Denver, CO: One of the older Sabbatarian churches in America. Publishes Bible Advocate
Church of God, Seventh Day,
Caldwell, ID: Sabbatarianism; observes Sabbath and Feast days; baptism necessary for salvation (see baptismal regeneration). Publishes The Herald of Truth newsletter.

Church of God (7th Day) Salem,
WV: Rejects the Trinity; teaches Sabbatarianism; observes Feast days and Sabbath; baptism required for salvation (see baptismal regeneration). Publishes The Advocate of Truth newsletter.

Church of God, The Eternal,
Raymond C. Cole, Eugene, OR: Armstrongism splinter group; Sabbatarianism; observes Sabbath and Feast Days.

Church of Hakeem,
Hakeem Rasheed, Oakland, CA: Teaches how the god within makes people rich.

Church of Illumination,
Quartertown, PA: New Age, Divine Spark in all humans, Gnosticism, similar to Rosicrucianism
Church of Israel,
Day Gayman,
Schell City, MO: Radical Christian Identity movement sect. Publishes The Watchman

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The,

Joseph Smith, Salt Lake City, UT: (Latter-day Saints, LDS, Mormonism) Main body of Mormonism; recognizes Brigham Young as Smith's successor. Smith claimed that the Father and Son appeared to him and called him to restore the true Church. LDS Church teaches that God the Father was once a man and was exalted to Godhood. God (and his heavenly Wife) begat billions of spirit children, the firstborn of whom was Jesus. Lucifer was the leader of God's rebellious spirit children. Those spirits who did not rebel become human beings in order to begin process potentially leading to exaltation to Godhood. Jesus, however, became a God while only a spirit. He organized our world and is Jehovah, the God of Israel. He is a separate and subordinate God to Elohim, the Father. A distinction is made between the Holy Ghost, who is a personage of Spirit, and the Holy Spirit. The latter is a divine energy, force, or spiritual essence that fills the universe and is used by all three members of the Godhead in the exercise and accomplishment of their will. The Church rejects the orthodox doctrine of the TrinityIt also redefines salvation by grace to refer simply to resurrection. Almost all humans will be resurrected into one of three kingdoms of glory, the least of which is far superior to anything known in this life. Entry into the higher kingdoms, and one's rank there, depends not only upon the atonement of Christ, but also upon one's good works. Achievement of the highest potential within the highest kingdom—Godhood—requires complete "obedience to all the laws and ordinances of the gospel." The Bible, Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price, and Doctrine and Covenants are all considered scripture. Publishes Church News and Ensign magazine. Profile available. Research material available.

Church of Jesus Power,
E.S. Cooke, Sr., Boulder City, NV: Astral projection via "Jesus Powered Sakraments" (sic) which changes man's electro-magnetic polarity.

Church of Light,
Elbert Benjamin, Los Angeles, CA: New Age, Associated with the ???Brotherhood of Light, rejects heaven and hell. Atonement to be found in each person's own path.

Church of Metaphysical Christianity,
Russell Flexer, Sarasota, FL: New Age, Jesus is Ascended Master, Creation by Vibrations. Publishes Metaphysical Messenger magazine.

Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Apostolic Faith:
Oneness Pentecostal church.

Church of Perfect Liberty,
Tokuchika Tokuhara, Glendale, CA: Zen Buddhism, man is manifestation of god.

Church of Satan,

Anton Szandor LaVey, San Francisco, CA: Satanism, occult, incantations, festival days include Spring equinox and HalloweenLaVey, author of the Satanic Bible, founded the church in 1966 and died in 1997 after which a struggle for leadership ensued between LaVey's daughters, Karla and Zeena, and his long-term live-in partner, Blanche Barton. Eventually, Barton became the Church of Stan High Priestess and she later appointed Peter H. Gilmore to be High Priest. As of early 2002, Peggy Nadramia joined Gilmore, her husband, in leadership with the Church of Satan with Nadramia serving as High Priestess. Barton is now serving in a lesser role as Magistra Templi Rex. The church has claimed as many 10,000 members. LaVey, a former lion tamer, organist, hypnotist, psychic, artist, and photographer. Like the vast majority of Satanists, he did not believe in a literal, personal devil, but turned to Satanic imagery to provoke a reaction and illustrate his disdain for Christianity.

Church of Scientology,

L. Ron Hubbard: Humans are immortal spiritual beings whose experience extends beyond a single lifetime (reincarnation), and whose capabilities are unlimited, though presently imprisoned by matter, energy, space, and time (MEST). Salvation is the recovery of spiritual freedom, ability, independence and serenity, including freedom from the endless cycle of birth and death (reincarnation), and full awareness and ability independent of the body, i.e., being "able to control matter, energy, space, and time." These god-like powers are achieved through auditing, a process whereby "engrams," (the mental recordings of past moments of pain and unconsciousness), and other barriers to such states are removed, abilities are regained, and greater awareness achieved. Auditing can last for years and may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Teachings are also advanced through affiliated business management companies such as Sterling Management Systems, the drug prevention program Narcanon, and in public schools though Way to Happiness The writings and recorded spoken words of L.Ron Hubbard (contained in over 500,000 pages of writings and over 2,000 tape-recorded public lectures) constitute the scripture of the religion, his book Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health being foundational. Scientology publishes several magazines including Advance, High Winds, and Source; also several newspapers and newsletters including The Auditor, Tech News, KSW News and the FSM Newsletter Scientology has a history of alleged abuse and illegal activities, and is fighting legal battles in countries all over the world. Profile available. Research material available.

Church of Seven Arrows,
Wheatridge, CO: Native American spirituality, shamanism, paganismPublishes Thunderbow II newsletter.

Church of the Brigade of Light,
Charlotte, NC: Divine Mother in everyone, Jesus called the Gentle Brother, Metaphysical philosophy. Publishes the Crystals of Light newsletter.

Church of the Final Judgement:
See Process Church of the Final Judgement

Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times, The,

Joel LeBaron, Colonia LeBaron, Chihuahua, Mexico: Polygamous, Mormon Fundamentalist splinter group organized in 1956 by Joel LeBaron, who was assassinated in 1972, allegedly by his brother Ervil, who formed a rival splinter group, The Church of the Lamb of GodThe assassination was allegedly carried out on the grounds of the Blood Atonement Doctrine

Church of the Great God, John Ritenbaugh
Charlotte, NC: Armstrongism break-off group. Publishes the Forerunner newsletter.

Church of the Lamb of God, The,

Ervil LeBaron, Salt Lake City, UT: Polygamous, Mormon Fundamentalist splinter group formed in 1974 by Ervil LeBaron, who was removed from The Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times following accusations that he was responsible for his brother's assassination. The church has also been suspected in the deaths of other rival Mormon Fundamentalists, including Rulon Allred, founder of the Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United BrethrenLaBaron died in a Utah State Prison in 1981.

Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days,
Bang-ik Ha, Seoul, Korea: Predicted Jesus would return on October 28, 1992. See False Prophecy

Church of the Most High God,

Marvel, TX: God the Father is male and the Holy Spirit is female or God the Mother.

Church of the Most High Goddess,
Mary Ellen Tracy, Los Angeles, CA: Revival of Egyptian religions, temple priestess, salvation through sexual relations.

Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (MSIA),

John-Roger Hinkins, Santa Monica, CA: New Age, seminars, karma, reincarnation, spirit guide/possession, visualization, hypnosis, chanting, meditation

Church of the New Birth:
See Foundation Church of Divine Truth
Church of the New Jerusalem:
See Swedenborg Foundation
Church of the Plains Indians:
Native American spirituality, sweat lodge
Church of the Tree of Life,
San Francisco, CA: No doctrine of God, sin, etc., only doctrine is anything goes within legal limits.

Church of the Trinity,
A. Stuart Otto, San Marcos, CA: New Age; By Jesus' C.E.R.A. (Crucifixion, Entombment, Resurrection and Ascension) he imparted his Consciousness into the psyche of all.

Church of the White Eagle Lodge,

Jean LeFevre, Montgomery, TX: Divine or Christ light in each person, visualization, yoga, chakras, astrologyPublishes Newsletter for The Americas

Church of Universal Love,
Linda Foreman, El Paso, TX: Similar to I AM Movement, use teachings of St. Germain, channeling, guided meditationPublishes Cosmic Channelling newsletter.

Church of Unlimited Devotion:
Worships Jerry Garcia of the rock-and-roll band, The Greatful Dead. They believe Garcia's guitar is a channel for God.

Church of Y,
Tylwyth Teg,
Smyrna, GA: Pagan, occult philosophy.

Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT),

Mark Prophet, Corwin Springs, MT: New Age, Great White Brotherhood, God-consciousness, similar to I AM movement. Currently led by Elizabeth Clare Prophet. Profile available.

Churches of Christ:

The independent Churches of Christ movement was one of several associations and denominations that developed from Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott and Barton W. Stone's restoration movement of the early 19th century, which was designed to promote unity among Protestants. Many (but not all) Churches of Christ today, however, differ from traditional Protestant doctrine in two key areas. Many maintain that water baptism and/or other commandments (rather than salvation by grace through faith alone) are a requirement for salvation (see Baptismal regeneration, Salvation by works). Some also believe that today's Churches of Christ are the only true churches on earth and that they can literally trace their history to the first century church in Jerusalem.

Circle,
Madison, WI: Pagan newspaper.

Circle Network News
Mt. Horeb, WI: Paganism, shamanism, Wicca, goddess worship. Publishes the Circle Network News newsletter.

Circle of Life,
Dorothy Espiau, Houston, TX: Healing planet Earth, forces of Divinity, crystals, believes dolphins are alien beings.

Circle of Light,
Dallas, TX: New Age periodical.

Circle of Light, Inc.,
Honolulu, HI: New Age, follows Lord Michael, astral planes, channeling
City of the Sun Foundation,
Columbus, NM: Channeling, chakras, Christ-consciousness, karma, man is part of God , man is perfect.

Clairvoyance:

The supposed paranormal ability to "see" psychic information, including historical or future events or other phenomena, that cannot be discerned naturally through the five material senses. See ESP, Divination

Cleage,
Albert B., Jr.:
See "Pan African Orthodox Christian Church".

Clifford E. Hobbs Foundation,
Newport, WA: Hedonistic theology.

Cognitive Dissonance:

A mental, emotional, or psychological state which results from attempting to hold two totally incompatible beliefs or opposing attitudes at the same time. See Double Bind

Cole-Whittaker, Terry:

New Age guru, teachings derive from Religious Science

College of Divine Metaphysics,
Joseph Garduno, Glendora, CA: New Age, metaphysical teaching.

Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles (CARP):

College and University outreach of Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church.

Comfort Corner Church,
Lawrenceville, GA: UFOs, metaphysical teachings.

Common Boundary,
Chevy Chase, MD: New Age periodical.

Communion Letter,
San Antonio, TX: UFO periodical.

Community of Christ,

Joseph Smith, III, Independence, MO: Smaller of the two main groups that originated from Joseph Smith's alleged restoration of the true church. When Smith died, those who accepted Brigham Young as Smith's successor followed him west to Utah; they are known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). Those who rejected Young and accepted Smith's son, Joseph Smith, III, remained in Missouri and became known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS). The doctrines of the two groups eventually became radically different. On April 6, 2001, the name of the RLDS group was officially changed to Community of Christ. The Community of Christ church has a slightly different version of the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants, and they reject the Pearl of Great Price as scripture. They do not hold to many of the LDS distinctive doctrines, including the polygamy of the 19th century LDS Church and the LDS belief (still held) that God was once a man. In recent years the church has experienced divisions, with more conservative Restoration Branches becoming independent. Historically, the RLDS—now Community of Christ—church also has had a leader who was a direct descendant of the Mormon founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. The current leader and prophet of the movement, Grant McMurray, was the first exception to this practice. Profile available.

Community of Jesus,
Orleans, MS: Thought to be involved in shepherding and mind control
Concept Therapy,
Thurman Fleet, San Antonio, TX: New Age, stress management seminars, book title Rays Of The DawnPublishes The Beamer newsletter.

Concerned Christians,

Monte Kim Miller,
Denver, CO: Ironically, begun in the early 1980s as a Christian ministry to expose cults and false teaching, Miller's organization began to take on cult-like characteristics in later years. Becoming increasingly controversial and bizarre, Miller's group drew national media attention in 1998 when over 50 followers fled the Denver area and disappeared after Miller predicted the Apocalypse was to begin and that Denver was to be destroyed by an earthquake on October 10. Miller, who claims to be one of the two end-time prophets mentioned in the Revelation 11, published Report from Concerned Christians and Take Heed UpdateProduced Our Foundation radio program. This group is not to be confused with the Mesa, Arizona-based Concerned Christians, a Christian ministry to Mormons led by Jim Robertson. Profile available.

Conciliation Ministries,
Dusean Berkich Lawrence, KS: Conversion should be inward to self, not to Jesus
Confraternity of Deists,
Homosassa Springs, FL: Reject sin, no need for a Savior, no consciousness after death.

Confucianism,
Chiu King (King Fu-tzu or Confucius - "Kung the Master"): A world religion based on the teachings of Chiu King who, according to tradition, was born in Lu, China about 550 BC Chiu King promoted peace and social harmony through the traditions of the ancestors. He is said to have collected, edited and written commentaries on four ancient manuscripts (including the I Ching). He also wrote Ch'un Ch'iu ("The Annals of Spring and Autumn") These documents comprise the Five Classics and along with the Four Books (a collection of his sayings) form the basis of Confucianism. Doctrines include ancestor worship, devotion to family elders, and right conduct based on the inherent goodness of man.

Congregation of God,
San Jose, CA: See Answers Research and Education
Congregation of God Seventh Day,
John Pinkston: Armstrongism break-off group. Publishes The Herald magazine.

Congregation of the Firstborn,
Raymond Glenn, Grapeland, TX: Teaches that Jesus is not God; also sabbatarianism, festival keeping.

Congregation of Yahweh,
Pittsburgh, PA: Sacred name group, sabbatarianism, Old Testament feast days and dietary laws kept, the Holy Spirit is the power of God. Publishes The Restoration Message newsletter.

Conscious Development of Body, Mind, and Soul:
Organization of Teri Hoffman
Conscious Living Foundation,
Drain, OR: New Age, states of consciousness, visualizationPublishes the Gentle Place and Quiet Space magazine.

Consciousness Connection,
Las Cruces, NM: New Age, visualization, automatic writing, rebirthing, astral projection
Constellation,
Elton Powers, Dallas, TX: New Age, African spirituality, animal spirituality, yoga for pets.

Contemplations, Inc.,
Ed Heinemann, Durango, CO: The Universe is alive and speaks. Life is crystalized light.

Continuum Foundation,
Chino Valley, AZ: New Age, dynamic energies, consciousness raising teachings.

Cooneyites

(Go Preachers, No Name Church, Two by Twos): Meet in homes. Jesus is only part human and part God. Holy Spirit empowered Jesus to live sinless life and can do the same for any person. Salvation by works

Cornerstone,
Jim Rector,
Texarkana, TX: Armstrongism splinter group. Publishes Cornerstone
Corporation of the President of the Fundamentalist Church,
Rulon T. Jeffs, Sandy, Utah: Mormon Fundamentalist splinter group of between eight and twelve thousand members. The group has a strong presence in Hilldale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona (once known as Short Creek), which was the site of a government effort to prosecute polygamists in 1953.

Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren,

Rulon Allred, Bluffdale, UT: Polygamous, Mormon Fundamentalist splinter group of between five and eight thousand members in Idaho, Nevada, Montana and the United Kingdom. Allred was murdered in 1977 by members of a rival Mormon Fundamentalist sect.

Cosmerism:
Mixture of Christianity and Buddhism, but embraces all religions as having truth.

Cosmic Awareness Communications,
Olympia, WA: New Age, channeling the Force which also spoke through Jesus, Krishna and Edgar Cayce (see Association for Research and Enlightenment).

Cosmic Christ:

See Christ

Cosmic Communication Commune,
Decorah, IA: All religions have same common roots, communication from the cosmic Spirit.

Cosmic Light of Peace Center:
See House of Divine Bread
Cosmic Science Research Foundation,
Edward Palmer, Portland, OR: New Age, UFO information given by Hierarchical Intelligence on the various planes of consciousness.

Cosmic Wisdom,
Clark Wilkerson, Honolulu, HI: New Age, Kabbala, psychic, ESP, cosmic consciousness, Universal Mind.

Council of Light,
Honolulu, HI: Ascended Masters, similar to I AM movement; channeling
Council of the Magickal Arts,
Austin, TX: Paganism, witchcraft (see Wicca), goddess worship, ritual magic
<div id="Course|]]Course in Miracles, A,
Helen Schucman: New Age book given through the channeled voice of "Jesus." The world, sin, and sickness are all illusions. Teaches that man is still in heaven with God and this life is a dream. Profile available.

<div id="Coven|]]Coven:
A group two or more people (ideally thirteen) practicing witchcraft (see Wicca) or occult arts. Also called a clan.

Coven Gardens,
Boulder, CO: Occult, paganism, Wicca, revival of Egyptian deities.

Covered Bridge Canyon,
Spanish Fork, UT: Pantheism, channeling, denies reality of death.

<div id="Covey|]]Covey, Stephen:
Mormon author with New Age affinities. Author of the best-selling, 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, and several sequels.

Creation Calendar,
Verlis W. Johnson, Kermit, TX: Sabbatarianism, necessity of keeping the Law, Feast Days, etc., for salvation (see salvation by works).

<div id="Creme" id="Creme|]]Creme, Benjamin:
See Tara Center
Crossroads Church of Christ:
See International Churches of Christ

Crowley, Aleister:

An English magician and Occultist Crowley (1875–1947) was known for sex magic, homosexual rituals, and a fascination with drugs, blood and torture. Headed the British branch of Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO), founded the Abbey of Thelema at Cefalu in Sicily. Author of Diary of a Drug Fiend and Magick in Theory and Practice

Crusade of Innocence:
Believed to be a splinter group of Process Church of the Final Judgment
Chrysalis Foundation,
Durango, CO: Metaphysical and holistic healing center.

Crystals Consciousness, Warren Klausner
San Diego, CA: New Age, crystal healing, Kundalini, iridology
Crystal Horizons,
Santa Barbara, CA: New Age, crystals
Crystallomancy:
Divination or fortune telling by gazing into a crystal rock or crystal ball.

Crystal Pathway,
Denver, CO: New Age/Occult periodical.

Crystals:

Many though not all New Agers believe that gems (especially Crystals) possess mystical, esoteric, spiritual powers to bring the bearer health, wealth and good fortune.

Cult:
See the Definitions section in the introduction. Profile available.

Cult Awareness Network (CAN):

Headed by Cynthia Kisser and based in Chicago, IL, this was once the largest secular cult watch organization or anti-cult group in America. According to Kisser, between 1991 and 1996 CAN was the victim of approximately 50 lawsuits directly or indirectly sponsored by members of the Church of Scientology, an organization considered by CAN to be a dangerous cult. CAN eventually lost one of those civil suits, which resulted in CAN filing bankruptcy. On October 23, 1996, the Cult Awareness Network's name, logo, and phone number were sold to a Scientology-related law firm as part of a $20,000 purchase of CAN assets in the federal bankruptcy court. Kisser warns that anyone now contacting CAN should be aware that they are very likely talking with Scientologists.

Cult of Confession:

One of eight criteria of Mind Control according to Robert Lifton's theory of Thought Reform. A system that requires members to disclose to their leaders or superiors the personal thoughts, attitudes, and actions that do not conform to the group's ideals. This practice diminishes healthy personal boundaries and privacy, and may facilitate additional abuses.

Cumorah Books,
Independence, MO: Affiliated with the more conservative Restoration Branches of the RLDS ChurchPublishes Restoration Voice, The Vision. <br /]] <div id="D"]]D</div>

Daily Word:
A monthly publication of Unity School of Christianity

Dalai Lama:

The spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism

Dallas Fellowship, Inc.,
Arlington, TX: New Age; uses The URANTIA Book as their main text. Publishes The Circle newsletter.

Dang, Luong Minh:
Founder of Spiritual Human Yoga
Davera Mission Church,
Korea: Alternate name for Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days
David, John:
See John-David Learning Institute
David, Moses (King David):
Pseudonym for David Berg, the late founder of The Family (Children of God).

Davis, Haviland:
Albany, NY: Leader of a Bible Students splinter group from the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
Dawn Bible Students,
East Rutherford, NJ: One of the original Bible Students splinter groups formed after Joseph Rutherford assumed leadership of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
Dayspring Resources,
Leonie Rosenstiel, New York, NY: Hypnosis, Reiki, yoga, reflexology, crystal healing.

de Mello, Anthony:
An Indian-born Jesuit priest, who wrote a number of New Age books that were bestsellers in many countries. His works include One Minute Wisdom, One Minute Nonsense, Wellsprings: A Book of Spiritual Exercises, and Walking on Water In 1998, over a decade after his death, the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith (a Vatican commission) denounced de Mello's writings. They warned of false teachings in his works, including a denial of objective morality and the claim that all religion, including Christianity, are obstacles to truth.

Delphi School,
Sheridan, OR: Uses the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard, founder of the Church of Scientology
Demand for Purity:
One of eight criteria of Mind Control according to Robert Lifton's theory of Thought Reform. An environment of blame and guilt based on an impossible ideal of human behavior or perfection. This shame-based culture punishes failure and can even subtly train members to punish themselves for their inability to live up to the group's ideals or standards. See Brainwashing

Demons:

Fallen angels under the direction of Satan who seek to destroy God's purpose and people. Demons are invisible, spiritual beings (Ephesians 6:12), are organized and have supernatural power and knowledge (Matthew 12:24, Revelation 16:14), can possess humans and animals, (Luke 8:2, Mark 5:13), and can inspire false doctrine (1 Timothy 4:1).

Denver, John:
Prominent New Age singer who promoted est, Yoga, Transcendental Meditation, and the Windstar Foundation before his death in 1997.

Deprogramming:

A coercive attempt to dissuade an individual of religious or ideological convictions believed to be harmful, through a concentrated (usually two to three days) counseling procedure designed to produce a sudden "snapping out." Deprogramming was developed in the 1970s by Ted Patrick and others as a way to rescue family members who were perceived to have undergone negative personality change after joining destructive cultsOften presented as an antidote for brainwashing or mind control, some deprogrammers rationalized the unethical use of force and coercion to rescue victims by illegally holding them against their will (abduction or "snatching") in a process known as "involuntary" deprogramming. Watchman Fellowship does not support or condone such illegal and unethical behavior. Not to be confused with Exit Counseling

Deseret Shadow Church:
See Church of Essential Science
Devil:
See Satan
Di Mambro, Joseph:
See Order of the Solar Temple
Dianetics:
Bestselling "bible" of the Church of Scientology
Discover Seminars,
Irving, TX: New Age, stress management.

Discovery,
West Valley City, UT: Anti-Christian, Jesus is the Devil
Disfellowshipping:
As practiced by the LDS and many other groups, this is a level of church discipline involving a probationary period of restricted privileges, but retaining church membership. As practiced by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, it is an alternate term for "excommunication," being completely cut off from Jehovah's organization; see Shunning
Dispensing of Existence:
One of eight criteria of Mind Control according to Robert Lifton's theory of Thought Reform. The organization's dogma determines whether or not other groups or individuals have the right to exist. All alternative belief systems or organizations are considered illegitimate. In extreme cases this mindset can promote violence or murder.

Divali:
Hindu philosophy of Enlightenment.

Divination:

The biblical term describing attempts to gain hidden knowledge supernaturally, usually about the future, apart from the God of the Bible (Ezekiel 21:22–25, Acts 16:16). Most often props are involved such as the hand (palm reading), the stars (astrology), cards (Tarot), or random symbols (I Ching).

Divine Light Center,
Swami Omkarananda: Mixture of Hinduism, voodoo and animal sacrifice.

Divine Light Mission,
Maharaj Ji: Hindu/New Age philosophy, teachings on the God within.

Divine Science,
Denver CO: Similar to Christian Science theology: God is All, man is a part of the All, thus man is God.

Divine Science of Light and Sound,
Marina del Rey, CA: New Age, reincarnation, karma, astral projection
Divine Word Foundation,
Warner Springs, CA: New Age, channeled writings, Jesus and Christ are separate entities.

Dixon, Jeane
(1917–1997): Astrologer, prognosticator, claimed information was from Christian God, however she made many false prophecies.

Doctrine and Covenants:
One of the scriptures or "Standard Works" of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints accepts a different version of the work as scripture.

Doctrine Over Person:

One of eight criteria of Mind Control according to Robert Lifton's theory of Thought Reform. The ideas and doctrines of the leader and organization overrule the personal experiences, conscience, and integrity of the individual.

Dominion Press,
San Marcos, CA: New Thought, similar to Christian Science and Unity School of ChristianityPublishes the Theologia 21 newsletter. Not to be confused with Dominion Press in Tyler, TX, a controversial but orthodox Christian publishing house.

Dorene Publishing,

Arlington, TX: Occult, talismans and other pagan memorabilia.

The Door:

See Potter's House

Double Bind:

A mental or psychological dilemma caused when a person receives from a single leader or teacher conflicting messages or "truths" resulting in no appropriate response or answer. See Cognitive Dissonance

Dowsing:

Form of divination using a forked rod, a bent wire, or a pendulum. Used to locate people, objects, or substances, and to diagnose illnesses.

Druids:

A priestly caste of the ancient Celtic people of France and the British Isles. They were the keepers of oral history and law, and officiates of pagan, occult religious practices. See Halloween

Dual Covenant:

The belief that the New Testament (or covenant) applies to gentiles (non-Jews) only. Thus, [[#Jesus|JesusChrist is not the Savior of the Jewish people and they should relate to God through the earlier Old Testament or Abrahamic covenant. A similar doctrine called the Plural Covenant theory emphasizes other covenants in addition to these two major systems.

Dualism:
An understanding of reality as existing in two opposite extremes. Metaphysical dualism sees the universe as existing in two contrary (and sometimes conflicting) realities—mind and matter, or spirit and physical, or yin and yang Ethical dualism posits a conflict between universal good and an equal and opposite force of universal evil (e.g., the belief that God and Satan are equal and opposite beings).

Dungeons and Dragons:
Occult, fantasy role playing game, allegedly uses demonic names and spells found in occult literature. Some parents have charged that children committed suicide under the influence of the game.

DuPage Church of Religious Science,
Donald E. Burt, Naperville, IL: Religious Science, use the teachings of Ernest Holmes.

Dyer, Wayne:
Prominent New Age writer and spokesman focusing on business applications, personal transformation and motivational speaking. Also promotes holistic health, and Buddhism

Dynamic Monarchianism:

A late second-century heresy denying the Trinity, put forth by Theodotue of Byzantium and later adoped in modified forms by Paul of Samosata, Noetus and Prazeas.

E

Eadie, Betty:
New Age author of best-sellers, Embraced by the Light and The Awakening Heart. An active member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Eadie claims to have died, gone to heaven, and returned to her body (see near-death experiences). Her books contain a combination of New Age and Mormon beliefs.

Eagle's Cry,
Denver, CO: New Age/Occult periodical, includes Egyptian revival, channeling, aura analysis.

Eagle's Path,
Grand Junction, CO: UFOs, moon festivals, yoga, rebirthing, Eckankar
Earth Church of Amargi,
St. Louis, MO: Paganism, ritual magic, witchcraft (see Wicca), moon festivals, Kabbalah, goddess worship.

Earthmother Therapy Center:
Astrology, aura reading, chakra balancing, channeling, homeopathy, iridology, numerology, palmistry, past life regression, reflexology
Earthsong,
Wendy Moss, Dallas, TX: Journey into Mother Earth.

East West Journal,
Syracuse, NY: New Age periodical.

Eastern School Press,
Talent, OR: New Age, Theosophical, karma, astral light.

Ebon, Martin:
See Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship
Ecclesia Athletic Association,
Eldridge Broussard, Jr., Los Angeles, CA: Believed to practice controversial forms of mind control and shepherding

Eckankar,<div/> Paul Twitchell: Mixture of pantheism and eastern mysticism, astral projection, reincarnation

Ecstasy,
Ojai, CA: New Age, man is God, realized through sexual encounters, New Age/Hedonism.

Eddy, Mary Baker:
See Christian Science
Edwards, Bishop Luke:
See REACH, Inc
Effective Learning Systems,
Edina, MN: Subliminal tapes, visualization, ESP, deep relaxation techniques.

Elmwood Institute, Fritjof Capra:
Internationally recognized New Age author (The Tao of Physics) and lecturer.

Emmanuel,
J. David Davis, Athens, TN: See B'nai Noah for theological perspective. Publishes The Gap newsletter.

Emerald Circle:
Paganism, know the Divine within, be part of Gaia
ENERGIE et PARTAGE:
See Spiritual Human Yoga

Enneagram:

Occult symbol. A circle with its circumference divided by nine points; has connections with the "Tree of Life" in Kabbalah, astrology, or divination

Epiphany Bible Students Association,
Mount Dora, FL: Splinter group from Laymen's Home Missionary Movement, one of the Bible Students groups that broke away from the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
Erhard, Warner:
See est
Esalen Institute,
Michael Murphy, Big Sur, CA: New Age, one of the original institutions for developing and promoting eastern mysticism/New Age philosophy.

Esoteric:

Hidden or deeper knowledge held by an elite few. Belief that there are mystical core truths underlying /unifying religions that are unknown to the uninitiated. See Gnosticism, Occult

Esoteric Order of Dagon,
Soror Azenath 23rd, Abita Springs, LA: Channel the energy of the Nu Aeon, collective magical unconsciousness, worship the Old Ones or Old Gods.

ESP:
Acronym for Extrasensory Perception
ESPress, Inc.,
Washington, D.C.: PsychicsSee National Spiritual Science Center
Essene Gospel of Peace,
Edmond Bordeaux Szekely: New Age, allegedly channeled by "Jesus," enlightenment, illness is a mistake.

Essene Light Center,
Mary L. Myers, Charlotte, NC: Has similarities to I AM movement, belief in Great White Brotherhood, ascended beings, Father-Mother god.

est,

Warner Erhard: Personal transformation seminar promising individual growth, business management skills, stress reduction, etc. Teaches the world has no objective meaning, enlightenment, and to live moment to moment with no regard for the future. New Age themes. In the midst of mounting troubles, Erhard decided to leave the United States. Est was discontinued and replaced by The Forum. Similar to other transformational/encounter seminars such as Lifespring

Eupsychia,
Austin, TX: New Age, Transcendental Meditation, Native American spirituality, shamanism

Evangelical Christianity:<div/> Evangelical (from the Greek euangelion, good news or gospel) generally means a focus on the essentials of ChristianityThe term can be used to describe all Christians or churches that hold to or give heavy emphasis to specific conservative Protestant beliefs. (In Germany, "Evangelical" is basically synonymous with "Lutheran.") These include: the authority and infallibility of the Bible, the nature of God (sovereign, holy, compassionate, personal, etc.), the sinful and fallen state of humanity, and salvation by grace through faith in the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ as the only means of salvation. More specifically the term has come to be closely identified with a widespread trans-denominational shift towards more conservative Christian doctrine that developed after World War II. See Fundamental Christianity

Evolutionary Kingdom Level Above Human,
Richardson, Texas: Earlier name of Heaven's Gate, Marshall Applewhite's UFO cult
Exaltation:
In the teaching of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the highest form of salvation. It means to become a God, exactly like God the Father and Jesus Christ, and to produce and rule over one's offspring throughout eternity.

Exit Counseling: <div/>(Thought Reform Consulting) A non-coercive technique (in contrast to deprogramming) designed to help rescue members of religions or cults that are considered false, harmful, or dangerous. The program usually involves a two to three day voluntary counseling session emphasizing education and dialogue, often with a licensed mental health professional, a former member of the group, and/or a specialist on cult dynamics. The approach stresses true personal and religious freedom in the context of providing additional information and full disclosure, which facilitates more informed decision-making. Family counseling and intervention techniques may also be incorporated.

Extrasensory Perception (ESP): <div/>Alleged knowledge of an experience or a response to an external event apart from the five senses. This experience can take place either in a wakeful or dream state.

F

Faith Assembly Church,
Raymond Jackson, Jeffersonville, IN: Similar to William BranhamPublishes The Contender newspaper. Faithbuilders Fellowship,
San Diego, CA: Theology similar to Jehovah's Witnesses
Faithful Word,
Chicago, IL: Armstrongism splinter group, teaches necessity of keeping the Law of Moses. Publishes The Faith Word magazine.

Faith Temple,
Rosemary Cosby, Salt Lake City, UT: Apostolic Faith splinter group; Cosby has claimed to be the Messiah.

False Prophecy:

Generally, any teaching by a prophet that is not true. Specifically, it is a prediction, made by an individual or group claiming to speak on God's authority, of a specific event that fails to occur by the specific, given date or within the specified time frame (Deuteronomy 13:1–5; 18:20–22).

Familiar Spirit:

A spirit that can allegedly communicate with humans, often through possessing the body of a medium, channeler, or psychicAlso, a special type of demon that can impersonate a deceased person during attempts to communicate with the dead (see necromancy).

Family, The,
 Charles Manson: The followers of Charles Manson, some of whom were   convicted for the 1969 Tate/LaBianca murders. Not related to the   following entry.

Family, The,

David Berg: Originally called the Children of God (COG) and recently called "The Family of Love," this group boasts communal "colonies" throughout the world. Best known for explicit sexual practices in recruiting converts and inner-group life, based on Berg's writings, the MO LettersNot related to previous entry. Profile available.

Fantasy Role Playing Games (FRP):

Players assume the identity of mythical characters and participate in elaborate mental adventures. Critics have expressed concern over the tremendous amount of time often invested in the games. More disturbing are reports that the games often emphasize rape, violence, spells, magic and other occult themes. Some parents have also charged that their children committed suicide while under the influence of FRP.

The Farm,
Stephen Gaskin, Summertown, TN: Zen Buddhism mixed with esoteric Christianity, pantheism, communal society.

Farrakhan, Louis:
Leader in the Nation of Islam
Fate,
Marion, OH: New Age/occult periodical.

Father Divine,

né George Baker (1878–1965): Black founder of the Peace Mission Movement, believed by his followers to be God.

The Fellowship,
Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of The URANTIA Book, New Age, automatic writing, ascended beings
Fellowship For Spiritual Understanding,
Marcus Bach, Palos Verdes Estates, CA: Similar teaching to Unity School of Christianity, denies reality of death, teaches man is God.

Fellowship of Isis:
Paganism Egyptian gods and goddess worship.

Fellowship of the Inner Light,
Paul Solomon, Virginia Beach, VA: New Age; concept of "Meta-Human" teaches man to go beyond human to become Creator/Master.

Fellowship of Universal Guidance,
Glendale, CA: Astrology, psychic reading.

Fellowship Press,
Noblesville, IN: Soulcraft library, claims of channeled information from William Dudley Pelley in the very High Planes of Consciousness after he had died.

Feminism:
See Radical Feminism
Feng Shui:
A religious "science" for the balancing of Yin and Yang in the environment, discovered or originated by farmers some 3,000 years ago and developed within Taoism. Feng Shui teaches that there is an energy called Qi (or, Chi) flowing throughout the universe, and in this world through lines, sometimes called channels or meridians, to which one must be properly aligned for optimal health, fortune, and quality of life. The position and alignment of structures and objects in one's environment affects the flow of this energy and one's own ability to harmonize with nature. Practitioners therefore arrange household and office furniture, design rooms and even whole buildings, their grounds and gardens, etc., to properly align with the flow lines of earth's energy. They thus hope to improve the balance of nature around them, not only for their own benefit, but for the benefit everyone in the area.

Feraferia,
Eagle Rock, CA: Paganism, magic, spells, astrology, goddess worship.

Fifth Epocal Fellowship

Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of The URANTIA Book, Formerly URANTIA Brotherhood. New Age, automatic writing, ascended beings

Firewalking Institute of Research and Education,
Twain Harte, CA: Firewalking, shamanism, meditation, sweat lodge, rebirthing
First Demonic Church,
Efrem Del Gatto, Italy: Satanism

First Presleyterian Church of Elvis the Divine,

Bethelehem, PA: Begun in 1988 as a marketing ploy/parody by Farndu and Karl Edwards, the church spoofs traditional religions and cults by "worshipping" Elvis Presley in weekly services held on the Internet and the campus chapel of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA.

First Temple of the Craft of W.I.C.A.,
South Chicago Heights, IL: Paganism, witchcraft (see Wicca).

First Universal Church of God-Realization,

Bhagavan Sri Babajhan-Al-Kahlil, Redondo Beach, CA: New Age, God is the self within, many paths all lead to the One Destination.

First World Conclave of Light,
San Diego, CA: UFO, 32 planets already joined but are waiting for the Earth to make the necessary commitment before the spaceships can land. See also Unarius Education Foundation
First Zen Institute of America,
New York, NY: Zen Buddhism, astrologyPublishes the Zen Notes newsletter.

Fitch, Joseph:
See Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship
Flag Service Organization,
Tampa, FL: Promotes Church of Scientology philosophy.

Flirty Fishing,
(Ffing): Allegedly discontinued practice of using sex to entice converts into The Family
Flying Saucer Information Center,
Pasadena, MD: UFOs, aliens coming to take Earth children for seedlings. Publishes the Update newsletter.

Followers of Christ Church,

Walter T. White,
Oregon City, OR: Practices shunning, exhibits legalism, and holds to a strict faith-healing doctrine. Doctors and hospitals are not allowed. State medical examiner claims as many as 25 children have died in the last two decades from complications from otherwise common medical problems.

Ford, Arthur:
See Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship

Form Criticism:

A method of literary criticism used by many scholars in the interpretation of the Bible. It identifies the literary forms of specific parts of the biblical writings, such as the different types of psalms (thanksgiving, lament, etc.) or the different units in the Gospels (parables, miracle stories, etc.). By noting common features in passages of the same form, various conclusions are drawn about how to interpret those passages. In liberal Christianity, which pioneered this method, many of the forms are assumed to be legendary or mythical (especially those involving the supernatural). Some evangelical scholars think form criticism can be useful if such liberal assumptions are avoided, while other evangelicals reject form criticism outright. See also Redaction criticism

Fort Worth Bible Students,
Fort Worth, TX: Bible Students group that republishes older Watchtower Bible and Tract Society materials.

Fortunetelling:
A form of divination in which a person attempts to predict the future using alleged paranormal powers.

The Forum:
New Age, personal transformation seminar; see est
Foundation Church,
New York, NY: Psychic development, "psychosomastery," UFOsSee also Process Church of the Final Judgement

Foundation Church of Divine Truth,

Washington, D.C.: New Age/ occult, based on automatic writings of James E. Padget as found in the book True Gospel Revealed Anew by Jesus; teaches that man becomes the very essence of God. Publishes the Divine Truth Commentary newsletter.

Foundation Church of the Millennium:
See Process Church of the Final Judgement
Foundation Church of the New Birth:
See Foundation Church of Divine Truth
Foundation Faith,
(Foundation Faith of God): See Process Church of the Final Judgement
Foundation Faith of the Millennium,
New York: UniversalismAll religious leaders, including Jesus, Mohammad and Buddha were sent by God.

Foundation for Co-Creation,
Barbara Marx Hubbard, Greenbraie, CA: Prominent New Age lecturer and writer.

Foundation for Higher Spiritual Learning,
Centreville, VA: Formerly "Bridge to Freedom," the new name was adopted in 1979. The group follows the theosophical teachings of Guy Ballard of the I AM movement, including the Great White Brotherhood
Foundation for Inner Peace:
Organization and publisher for A Course in Miracles
Foundation for Life Action,
Tara Singh, Los Angeles, CA: Know one's own Christ nature; promotes A Course in MiraclesPublishes A Call To Wisdom newsletter.

Foundation for Shamanic Studies,
Michael Harner, Norwalk, CT: Occult, shamanism for empowerment and healing.

Foundation for Unlimited Consciousness,
Rain Morgan, Orcas, WA: New Age, channeling, Ramtha devotees (see Knight, J. Z.).

Foundation of Human Understanding,

Roy Masters, Grants Pass, OR: Eastern mysticism, Gnosticism, hypnotism, yoga, meditation

Foundation of Light and Metaphysical Education,
Hurst, TX: Occult, astrology, psychic readings.

Foundation of Revelation,
San Francisco, CA: Eastern mysticism, yoga
Fox, Kate and Margarett:
See Spiritualism

Fox, Matthew:

Dominican Catholic priest silenced by the Vatican for teaching blatant New Age theology (which he calls "creation-centered spirituality").

Fraternity of Light,
Philadelphia, PA: Kabbalah, reincarnation, karma; one's inner essence is a Divine Spark.

Free Bible Students:
A small Bible Students splinter group currently consisting of only four congregations and approximately 27 home groups.

Free Soul,
Sedona, AZ: New Age, spirit guides, commune with Divine Nature, Psychic and Higher Soul Dimensions.

Free Spirit,
Brooklyn, NY: New Age periodical.

Freemasonry:

A fraternal order revived in the early 18th century in England, loosely based on associations or guilds of stone cutters ("operative" masons). Freemasonry ("speculative" masons) sought to give philosophical, moral, or spiritual meaning to the lodge, tools, and oaths of the stone cutters. Branches of Freemasonry include the Blue Lodge, York Rite, Scottish Rite, and Shriners. Affiliated organizations include the Order of the Eastern Star (for women), the Order of DeMolay (for boys), and the Order of Rainbow (for girls). Most modern adherents maintain that the organization is not a religion but a club or fraternity promoting high moral values and good works. They believe, therefore, that Freemasonry is compatible with and supplements Christianity and other religions. Critics counter that Freemasonry involves secret blood oaths or curses, and that the writings of respected early leaders (Albert Mackey, Albert Pike, etc.) are replete with occult philosophy and religious doctrine contrary to Christianity. Despite Freemasonry's promotion and funding of a number of worthwhile, philanthropic endeavors (free Shriner children hospitals, nursing homes, etc.), many Christian individuals and churches have condemned Freemasonry or warned of elements that they believe are contrary to Christianity. These churches include the Presbyterian Church of America, Southern Baptist Convention, Episcopal Church, Christian Reformed Church, Church of the Nazarene, and Lutheran Church (Missouri and Wisconsin Synods).

Freewinds Relay Office,
Clearwater, FL: Promotes Church of Scientology
Friends Review,
Hillsboro, OR: Occult/ metaphysical periodical.

Fundamentalist Christianity:

Generally a reference to conservative Christians who believe five "fundamentals" of Christianity: the inerrancy of Scripture, the virgin birth of Christ, the substitutionary atonement of Christ, the bodily resurrection of Christ, and the historicity of biblical miracles. More specifically, the term is identified with the conservative reaction, especially in America, to liberal Christianity in the early 20th century. Core beliefs of the movement are virtually identical with evangelical Christianity Some fundamentalists, however, later distinguished themselves from evangelicals (or neo-evangelicals) whom they saw as too compromising and ecumenical. More recently some have given a new, negative meaning to the term "fundamentalist" using it as a synonym for narrow-minded, bigoted, anti-intellectual or divisive Christians. <br /]]

G

G.A.P. Ministries,
Elm Grove, WI: Sabbatarianism, observes Feast Days, part of Sacred Name movement. Publishes The Appointed Time newsletter.

Gabriel Society,
Ruth Harders, Western Springs, IL: New Age, metaphysics, Universal Mind.

Gaia:

Originally the Greek goddess of earth. Many see the earth as one large living organism made of numerous parts, much as the human body is one living organism with various parts.

Gandhi Memorial Center,
Swami Premananda, Washington, D.C.: Eastern mysticism, teaching of Hindu leader Mahatma Gandhi. Publishes The Gandhi Message quarterly.

Garvey Center,
Witchita, KS: New Age, holistic health mixed with sound medical procedures. Pyramid powers.

Gatekeepers,

Christopher James Turgeon,
Pala, CA: A small cult formerly called Ahabah Sasah Prophetic Ministries in Everett, WA. Turgeon once claimed to be the prophet Elijah. He and another member, Blaine Alan Applin, were charged with first-degree murder in 1998 following the shooting death of former member Daniel Jess. Earlier that year a SWAT team served a warrant on the group's five-acre compound located 60 miles north of San Diego and recovered weapons and other stolen property.

Gateway To Light,
Lloyd G. Sellman, Dewey, AZ: UFOs, telepathic communications.

Gateways Institute,
Jonathan Parker, Ojai, CA: New Age, subliminal tapes, karma, reincarnation, hypnosis
Gawain, Shakti:
New Age author who popularized Buddhism through creative visualization (meditation) techniques.

Geller, Uri:

Psychic, psychokinesis, ESP and parapsychology

Germain, Saint:
See I AM Movement, Ascended Masters

Ghosts:

Non-physical entities or spirit beings, often believed to be the spirits of the dead. See Spiritualism, Demon, Necromancy, Occult

Global Church of God,

Roderick Meredith, San Diego, CA: Splinter group from Worldwide Church of GodTeaches a form of Armstrongism

Global Family,
Palo Alto, CA: New Age, visualization, Higher self which is God, pantheism (all is God).

Globalism:
When used in a religious sense, this term most often means to lose all national identity. Mankind must see itself as one world family, without the need for distinctions between religions. All religions become true or the distinctive doctrines of the various religions must be disregarded in an attempt to achieve the new Global Family idea.

Global Times:
The bimonthly magazine published by the Denmark office for Proutist International. See PROUT
Gnostic Catholic Church of Canada,
Edmonton, Alberta: Paganism, magic, Celtic rituals. Publishes the Sunspot magazine.

Gnosticism:

From the Greek word gnosis (knowledge). Salvation comes through secret knowledge. A diverse belief influenced by Greek philosophy and similar to forms of pantheism, Gnosticism generally taught that matter was evil and spirit was good. Forms of gnosticism affected early Christianity. One Gnostic heresy taught that because matter was evil, Jesus could not have come in the flesh. Many New Agers regard Gnostic Christianity as the more enlightened form of Christianity.

Gnostic Order of Christ, The,

Timothy Harris, San Jose, CA: An esoteric and mystical order reviving the doctrines of the now defunct Holy Order of MANS

Goat's Head:

An occult symbol consisting of an upside-down five-pointed star. See Baphomet

God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation:
See Chen Tao

Goddess:

New Age, occult, neo-paganism A term used in various though related senses to affirm a feminine nature or aspect of the divine. Three beliefs are common: revering "Mother Nature," or the Earth, as divine (see Gaia); worshiping a female deity (often linked to primitive pagan religions, as in Wicca); and the search by some women for the "divine spark" of the "goddess within." Profile available.

God's House of Prayer for All People,
Samuel T. Allen, Dallas, TX: Sabbath and Old Testament festivals kept for salvation (see Sabbatarianism).

God's Salvation Church:
See Chen Tao
Golden Association,
Ann Rogers, San Jose, CA: New Age, channeling, inner voices.

Golden Book of the Theosophical Society, The:
See Rosicrucianism
Golden Dawn,
John Phillips Palmer, Lumberville, PA: Occult, magic, spiritual authorities are Secret Chiefs and Inner Plane Adepti.

Golden Dolphin,
Sheila Balenger, Greenback, WA: Paganism, astrology, Mother Earth, Primal GoddessPublishes Sacred Cycles newsletter.

Golden Eagle Sanctuary,
Hot Springs, AR: Yoga, crystalss, pyramidology, aura balancing.

Golden Lion,
Ann Alexander, Houston, TX: New Age, esoteric philosophy.

Golden Quest,
Hilda Charlton, Lake Hill, NY: UFOs, space brothers, karma, meditation, the divine child within all.

Golden Wheel,
W.E. Reeve, England: Occult, astrology, alchemy, UFOs, spiritualism
Good Cheer Press,
Boulder, CO: Publishes material promoting The URANTIA Book
Good, Joseph:
See Hatikva Ministries

Gospel:

Literally meaning "good news," the term gospel is used by traditional Christians as a reference to the message of salvation by grace through faith, based on the death, burial, and resurrection of [[#Jesus|JesusChrist (1 Corinthians 15:1–4). The first four books of the New Testament, which consist of accounts of Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John), are also called the Gospels. One of the marks of a cult is that it preaches a different gospel, that is, a false way of salvation (2 Corinthians 11:4; Galatians 1:6–9). Most false gospels teach a form of either salvation by works or universalism

Grail Foundation of America,
Abd-ru-shin, Binghamton, NY: Esoteric teachings, Christ's call for "child-like faith" no longer valid.

Grand Canyon Society,
Scottsdale, AZ: New Age, channeling, members use The URANTIA Book as their text.

Great Invocation:

A New Age prayer written in 1937 by Alice Bailey (see Arcane School) and circulated by various New Age groups that believe widespread recitiation may help initiate a new utopia on earth.

Great Lakes Fellowship:
Splinter Group of The Way International
Great Lakes Pagan Association,
Techumseh, MI: Pagan, WiccaPublishes The Covenstead newsletter.

Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research,

John Cheetham: Armstrongism splinter group.

Great White Brotherhood:

New Age belief in a group of spirit beings or reincarnated teachers, also called Ascended Masters, existing on a non-physical higher plane.

Greater Grace World Outreach,

Carl H. Stevens, Jr., Baltimore, MD: Formerly "The Bible Speaks." Courts required church to return funds to millionaire contributor for unethical and illegal actions. Allegedly practices mind control and shepherding

Group for Creative Meditation:
See Meditation Group for New Age
Grove of the Unicorn,
Galadriel, Atlanta, GA: Paganism, Wicca, moon festivals, magic
Guardian Action International,
Deming, NM: UFOs, Atlantis, ESP

Guided Imagery:

Another term for Visualization

Guideposts:
Magazine founded by Norman Vincent Peale
Guild For Hermetic Revelation,
Houston, TX: New Age, astrology, soothsaying, reflexology, Tarot
Gunvik, Sigurd:
This man's teachings are a mixture of Jehovah's Witnesses and Sacred Name theology
Gurdjieff, George I.:
Mixture of occult, psychic and mystical teaching. Considered by some to have been the greatest mystical teacher of all times.

Guru:

Eastern/Hindu religious teacher (sometimes thought to be a focus of worship or adoration) who gives personal guidance towards enlightenment.

Guru Dev:
Hindu Swami (religious master) who was the teacher of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of Transcendental Meditation.

H

H2B Company
San Francisco, CA: New Age, yoga, meditation.

Halloween:

(Samhain) The term "Halloween" originally referred to All Hallows' Eve, a Catholic observance of the night before All Saints' Day. However, in its modern American form it is a holiday based on pagan, occult, Celtic beliefs and Druid rituals. Believed to be a religious high or holy day by those involved in witchcraft (see Wicca) and SatanismCelebrated on October 31st, children are encouraged to wear costumes and solicit candy door-to-door (Trick-or-Treat). Profile available.

Halpern, Steve:

Prominent New Age music composer and lecturer.

Hare Krishna:
Nickname for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness

Harmonic Convergence:

A New Age, social, environmental and personal transformational event formulated by Jose Arguelles, based on alleged Mayan prophecies and astrological conjecture. Arguelles promoted a gathering of New Age believers held 16–17 August 1987 at the earth's supposed vortexes (psychic power centers) for meditation and chanting, theoretically to usher in a cosmic transformation. Other significant dates were 31 December 1987 and a culmination in 2012.

Harmonie et Energie des volcans d'Auvergne:
See Spiritual Human Yoga
Harr, Brian,
Rochester, NY: The reincarnation of Jesus!

Harris, Timothy:
See "Gnostic Order of Christ."

Hartley, Harriette,
Arlington, TX: New Age, psychic, channeler
Hatha Yoga:
See "Yoga."

Hatikva Ministries,

Joseph Good, Port Arthur, TX: Denies the doctrine of the Trinity and deity of Christ, seems to be Sacred Name

Hawkwind,
Charla Hawkwind Hermann, Valley Head, AL: Native American spirituality, Mother Earth, shamanism, astrologyPublishes The Pathfinder magazine.

Hay, Louise:
New Age, metaphysical counselor and author.

Healing Arts Expressions,
Solvang, CA: New Age; healing by meditation on a piece of art, painting, etc.

Healing Center,
Sarasota, FL: New Age, magnetic therapy, chakras, Yin and Yang balancing.

Health and Wealth Gospel:
See Word-Faith Movement
Health Conscious Services,
Christ Singh Khalsa, New York: Yoga, Kundalini, each person is his or her own Master.

Healthy, Happy, and Holy,

Los Angeles, CA: A.k.a. 3H0, the educational arm of Sikhism. Practices [[#Kundalini|KundaliniYoga, vegetarianism, and overcoming painful thoughts to move toward enlightenment.

Heart Consciousness Church,
Middletown, CA: New Age, goddess worship, Native American spirituality, sweat lodge, meditationPublishes the Harbin magazine.

Heart Dance,
Mill Valley, CA: New Age, psychic, CrystalsPublishes the Heart Dance magazine.

Heaven and Earth,
Gloucester, MA: New Age, crystals

Heaven's Gate,

Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Lou Nettles,
Rancho Santa Fe, CA: New Age, UFOs Applewhite (a.k.a. Do) and 38 other members committed suicide in March of 1997, believing that by leaving their bodies behind they could join Nettles (a.k.a. Ti) and other "older members" from "the next level above human" on a UFO supposedly hidden behind the Hale-Bopp comet. Profile available.

Heaven's Magic:
Another name for the followers of David Berg, founder of The Family (Children of God); produces multi-color children's posters and music.

Heresy:

Literally, a theological dissension or division arising from diversity of opinions and aims. The term is usually reserved to refer to false teachings considered so serious that belief in them excludes the followers from the true faith and salvation; in other words, a belief viewed as fatal to the gospelReligious groups founded on the basis of heresy are known as cults

Heretic:
A person who causes a division by teaching heresy
Heritage Institute,
Plainfield, WI: New Age, past life, Ouija board, telepathy, psychic healing.

Hermit,
Jan Moody, Topsham, MA: Astrology, Tarot card reading, channeling
High Point,
Vance Harris, Willard MO: New Age, Channeling, astrology
High Wind Association,
Milwaukee, WI: Native American philosophy, Alchemy, Accelerated Human Consciousness. Publishes Windwatch newspaper.

Hinkins, John-Roger:
Founder of Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness
Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy,
Swami Rama, Honesdale, PA: New Age, Hinduism, yoga, meditationPublishes Himalayan Institute Quarterly

Hinduism:

The major world religion that originated from the ancient religions of India, which originally embraced polytheismAs a more unified world religion, Hinduism teaches pantheism; the ancient gods (especially the triad of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva) are commonly interpreted as representations of the various aspects of the divine (Brahman). Human beings progress to the ultimate realization of their oneness with Brahman (often called Nirvana) through reincarnation according to the law of karmaSome of the concepts of Hinduism are incorporated, modified, and expanded upon in the New Age Movement.

Hippocrates Health Institute,
West Palm Beach, FL: New Age, healing, yoga and meditation

Hoffman, Teri,'

Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Ageguru, believed to practice mind control Twelve followers or close associates have committed suicide or died under unusual circumstances. Many left large sums of money to Hoffman. Her organization is called Conscious Development of Body, Mind and Soul.

Hohm Community,
Lee Lozowick, Tabor, NJ: No specific doctrine, all religions have truth, seek Divine Evolution.

Holiness Tabernacle,
Dyer, AR: See Alamo Christian Foundation

Holistic Health:

(New Age Medicinedivlternative Medicine) A view of health care focusing on the "whole self" (body, mind and spirit) and natural or spiritual cures. Some holistic health remedies and assumptions (i.e., a focus on wellness and prevention) are well within the Christian worldview and are scientifically valid. Much within this movement, however, is based on pantheistic concepts, [[#New|New Agevisualization, and eastern religious beliefs such as Chinese Taoism Yin and Yang. Most questionable are holistic practices that have no valid physiological explanation or scientific proof such as applied kinesiology, reflexology and iridology

Holistic Life University,
San Francisco, CA: New Age, aura healing, reflexology, visualization
Hollyhock,
Rex Weyler, Blaine, WA: New Age retreat, shamanism, drumming, meditation, Buddhism
Holy Body of the Coming Jesus Christ Mission in New York:
See Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days
Holy Grail Foundation,
Leona Richards, Santa Cruz, CA: New Age, Ascended Masters, reincarnation

Holy Order of MANS,

Earl W. Blighton: Monastic New Age group that practiced esoteric, mystical religion blending biblical themes with reincarnation and other concepts from Eastern religions and the occult Blighton, an ex-engineer who was once fined for practicing medicine without a license, began the order in 1968. "MANS" was an acronym for a phrase revealed only to initiates. After advancing through the order, men reached the status of Brown Brother of the Holy Light, while women might become an Immaculate Sister of Mary for Missionary Training. After the death of Blighton, the group underwent radical changes. The majority of followers converted to Eastern Orthodoxy and the order eventually was transformed into Christ the Savior Brotherhood, a sect of Eastern Orthodoxy. Several competing groups later formed claiming to preserve Blighton's original purpose and message. They include the Gnostic Order of Christ, Science of Man, and the American Temple

Holy Shankaracharya Order,
Stroudsburg, PA: Hindu theologyPublishes Purarnave periodical.

Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity:

See Unification Church

Holyland:
See REACH,Inc

Homeopathy:

Pseudo-medical holistic health techniques developed by Samuel Hahneman whereby minute doses of natural elements are said to cure diseases.

Homewords,
Susan Johansen, Salt Lake City, UT: Channeling, out-of-body experiencesPublishes the Homeword newspaper.

Horoscope:
See Astrology
Horus/Maat Lodge:
Occult, paganism, ritual magic, Egyptian philosophy.

House of David,

Benjamin Purnell Benton Harbor, MI.: British Israelism; Purnell taught he was the seventh and last messenger or angel of Revelation. Publishes Shiloh's Messenger of Wisdom

House of Divine Bread,

J.L. Mociulewski, Bayonne, NJ: Pantheism, Father-Mother god.

House of Prayer for All People,
William Blessing, Denver, CO: Sacred Name, teachings on Atlantis and Lemuria.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Index of Cults and Religions<br/>
 By the Staff of Watchman Fellowship, Inc.<br/><br/>
-'''Introduction'''<br/><br/>
+'''Introduction'''<br/>
 This   Index contains brief definitions, descriptions or cross references on   over 1,200 religious organizations and beliefs, as well as world   religions (including Christianity) and related doctrines. Watchman   Fellowship is a Christian apologetics and discernment ministry; thus,   many references (&quot;Jesus,&quot; &quot;Gospel,&quot; &quot;Christianity,&quot; etc.) contain   definitions that reflect the beliefs of Watchman's staff. While Watchman   Fellowship does not hold to the beliefs of non-Christian religions and   doctrines, we also attempt to describe these beliefs factually, fairly   and accurately. Readers are asked to assist in this effort by suggesting   corrections or improvements.<br/><br/>
 This is by no means a complete list   of cults and religions. Watchman Fellowship maintains over 10,000 files   and a research library of over 25,000 books and periodicals on   religions, cults, new religious movements and related teachings. The   absence of a religious movement from this index does not mean that   Watchman Fellowship endorses the organization.<br/><br/>
 '''How To Use This Index'''
 Begin   your search by clicking on the highlighted letter below that is the   first letter of the term for which you are searching (or, if your   browser will do so, perform a word search for the term). If the term is   listed, it will be followed by a brief definition. Most of these   definitions contain highlighted words that are linked to the definitions   for those words; clicking on the highlighted word will take you   directly to that definition.<br/><br/>
-[[#A|A]],
+[[#A"]]'''A'''
-[[#B|B]],[[#C|C]],[[#D|D]],[[#E|E]],[[#F"|F]][[#G"|'''G'''[[#H|'''H'''[[#I|'''I'''[[#J"|'''J'''[[#K"|'''K'''[[#L"|'''L'''[[#M"|'''M'''[[#N"|'''N'''[[#O"|O[[#P"|'''P'''[[#Q"|'''Q'''[[#R"|'''R'''[[#S"|'''S'''[[#T"|'''T'''[[#U"|'''U'''[[#V"|'''V'''[[#W"|'''W'''[[#X"|'''X'''[[#Y"|'''Y'''[[#Z"|'''Z'''<br/><br/>
+[[#B|'''B'''[[#C"]]'''C'''[[#D|
-'''Some Definitions'''<br/><br/>
+'''D'''[[#E|'''E'''[[#F|'''F'''[[#G|'''G'''[[#H|'''H'''[[#I|'''I'''[[#J|'''J'''[[#K|'''K'''[[#L|'''L'''[[#M|'''M'''[[#N|'''N'''[[#O|O[[#P|'''P'''[[#Q|'''Q'''[[#R|'''R'''[[#S|'''S'''[[#T|'''T'''[[#U|'''U'''[[#V|'''V'''[[#W|'''W'''[[#X|'''X'''[[#Y|'''Y'''[[#Z|'''Z'''<br/>
+'''Some Definitions'''<br/>
 By using the terms &quot;cult,&quot; &quot;occult,&quot; and &quot;New Age,&quot; Watchman   Fellowship is in no way implying that the followers or leaders are   necessarily evil or immoral people. It simply means that such groups   seem to promote doctrine or practices which may be considered outside   the realm of historic Christianity.<br/><br/>
 <div id="Cult">'''Cult'''</div><br/>
@@ Line 15: / Line 17: @@
 The term, &quot;occult&quot; comes from the Latin ''occultus'' or &quot;hidden.&quot;<br/><br/>
 Generally the word is used of secret or mysterious supernatural   powers or magical, religious rituals. The word &quot;occult&quot; in this   publication is used to describe any attempt to gain supernatural power   or knowledge apart from the God of the Bible. Generally it refers to [[#Wicca|witchcraft]], [[#Satanism|satanism]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]], or various forms of Psychic discernment (astrology, seances, palm reading, etc.).<br/><br/>
-<div id="New">'''New Age'''<div><br/>
+<div id="New">'''New Age'''</div><br/>
 New Age is a recent and developing belief system in North America   encompassing thousands of autonomous (and sometime contradictory)   beliefs, organizations, and events. Generally the New Age borrows its   theology from pantheistic Eastern religions and its practices from 19th   century Western occultism. The term &quot;New Age&quot; is used herein as an   umbrella term to describe organizations which seem to exhibit one or   more of the following beliefs: (1) All is one, all reality is part of   the whole; (2) Everything is God and God is everything; (3) Man is God   or a part of God; (4) Man never dies, but continues to live through   reincarnation; (5) Man can create his own reality and/or values through   transformed consciousness or altered states of consciousness. <br/><br/>
 '''Index of Cults and Religions'''
 <div id="A">'''A'''</div><br/>
-'''3H0:'''<br/> See [[#Healthy|Healthy]], Happy, and Holy<br/>.
+'''3H0:''' See [[#Healthy|Healthy]], Happy, and Holy<br/>.
-Habits of Highly Effective People:<br/> A book by [[#Covey|Stephen Covey]]<br/><br/>
+Habits of Highly Effective People:<br/> A book by [[#Covey|Stephen Covey]]<br/>
-Aaronic Order,<br/> Maurice Glendenning, Murry, UT: Splinter group from [[#LDS|LDS]]<br/>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS),   founded in 1942 by Glendenning after he was excommunicated by the LDS   Church for receiving and publishing revelations later known as the ''<br/>Levitical Writings.''<br/><br/>
+Aaronic Order,<br/> Maurice Glendenning, Murry, UT: Splinter group from [[#LDS|LDS]]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS),   founded in 1942 by Glendenning after he was excommunicated by the LDS   Church for receiving and publishing revelations later known as the ''Levitical Writings.''<br/>
-Abaddon:<br/> (Hebrew for &quot;The Destroyer&quot;; in Greek, ''<br/>Apollyon''<br/>) A [[#Demons|demon]]<br/> described in the [[#Bible|Bible]]<br/> as &quot;the angel of the bottomless pit&quot; (Revelation 9:11). <br/><br/>
+Abaddon:<br/> (Hebrew for &quot;The Destroyer&quot;; in Greek, ''Apollyon'') A [[#Demons|demon]] described in the [[#Bible|Bible]] as &quot;the angel of the bottomless pit&quot; (Revelation 9:11). <br/><br/>
-<div id="Thelema">'''Abbey of Thelema'''<div><br/><br/> Old Greenwich, CT: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]][[#Magic"|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Thelema">'''Abbey of Thelema'''</div><br/><br/> Old Greenwich, CT: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]][[#Magic|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/>
-Abode of the Message,<br/> Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, New Lebanon, NY: [[#Sufism|Sufism]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/> to lead to &quot;inner attunement,&quot; [[#NatAm|ative American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]]<br/><br/>
+Abode of the Message,<br/> Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, New Lebanon, NY: [[#Sufism|Sufism]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Meditation|meditation]] to lead to &quot;inner attunement,&quot; [[#NatAm|ative American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]]<br/>
-Academy for Guided Imagery, <br/>Martin L. Rossman &amp; David E. Bresler, Mill Valley, CA: Healing by [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], imagery training (i.e., [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>), [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/> and [[#Magic|magic]]<br/><br/>
+Academy for Guided Imagery, <br/>Martin L. Rossman &amp; David E. Bresler, Mill Valley, CA: Healing by [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], imagery training (i.e., [[#Visualization|visualization]]), [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]] and [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
-<div id="AcRelPsych">'''Academy of Religion and Psychical Research'''<div><br/> Evanston, IL: Organization founded in 1956 to explore [[#Psychic|psychic]]<br/> occurrences and [[#Metaphysics|metaphysica]]<br/> experiences while evaluating the growing interest in occult phenomena in Christian churches. See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]], [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Divination|Divination]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="AcRelPsych">'''Academy of Religion and Psychical Research'''</div><br/> Evanston, IL: Organization founded in 1956 to explore [[#Psychic|psychic]] occurrences and [[#Metaphysics|metaphysica]] experiences while evaluating the growing interest in occult phenomena in Christian churches. See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]], [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Divination|Divination]]<br/>
-Actualism:<br/> [[#New|New Age]]<br/> teaching based on [[#Panentheism|panentheism]], according to which all human beings possess the divine [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/> and are united with the Mother-Father-Creator God. <br/><br/>
+Actualism:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] teaching based on [[#Panentheism|panentheism]], according to which all human beings possess the divine [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] and are united with the Mother-Father-Creator God. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Accupressure">'''Acupressure:'''<div><br/> See [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Accupressure">'''Acupressure:'''</div><br/> See [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/>
-Chinese system of healing using needles or hand pressure (''<br/>acupressure''<br/>) applied to certain points on the body, traditionally believed to balance the <br/>[[#Yin|yin and yang]]<br/> energies in the body by opening blocked meridians (apexes in the pathways). Once the <br/>''[[#Chakras|chakras]]''<br/> (key points or intersections) are open, the ''<br/>[[#Chi|chi]]<br/> or energy, supposedly can then flow through the body bringing all   things into harmony. While some limited physical effects (mostly   anesthetic) can be attributed to this practice, these effects have   scientific, physiological explanations totally unrelated to the mystical   explanation, which derives from [[#Taoism|Taoism]]See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]''<br/>[[#profiledivcupro|Profile]]<br/><br/> available. <br/><br/>
+Chinese system of healing using needles or hand pressure (''acupressure'') applied to certain points on the body, traditionally believed to balance the <br/>[[#Yin|yin and yang]] energies in the body by opening blocked meridians (apexes in the pathways). Once the <br/>''[[#Chakras|chakras]]'' (key points or intersections) are open, the ''[[#Chi|chi]] or energy, supposedly can then flow through the body bringing all   things into harmony. While some limited physical effects (mostly   anesthetic) can be attributed to this practice, these effects have   scientific, physiological explanations totally unrelated to the mystical   explanation, which derives from [[#Taoism|Taoism]]See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]''[[#profiledivcupro|Profile]]<br/> available. <br/><br/>
 Adams, Dennis,<br/> Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#New|New Age]], man is God. <br/><br/>
-Adelphi Organization,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]]<br/> teachings on [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#Karma|karma]], seven planes of existence. See [[#Stelle|Stelle Group]]<br/><br/>
+Adelphi Organization,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]] teachings on [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#Karma|karma]], seven planes of existence. See [[#Stelle|Stelle Group]]<br/>
-Adeptco, <br/>Chuck McDonald, Omaha, NE: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]]<br/> and [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/> teachings. <br/><br/>
+Adeptco, <br/>Chuck McDonald, Omaha, NE: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]] and [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] teachings. <br/><br/>
-Advanced Organization of Los Angeles (AOLA):<br/> Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]]<br/> philosophy. <br/><br/>
+Advanced Organization of Los Angeles (AOLA):<br/> Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
-Advanced Systems, Inc.:<br/> See [[#ZenMaster|Zen Master Rama]]<br/><br/>
+Advanced Systems, Inc.:<br/> See [[#ZenMaster|Zen Master Rama]]<br/>
-<div id="Adventism">'''Adventism'''<div>:<br/> Widespread trans-denominational movement inspired by William Miller's   prediction that Jesus' &quot;advent&quot; (return) would take place in 1844. Even   after the Great Disappointment (the date's failure), many people in the   movement continued to believe. Some suggested revised chronologies and   new dates, eventually forming groups such as the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]  Others, notably Hiram Edson and Ellen G. White, suggested that the 1844   date was accurate but that a heavenly (thus invisible) event had taken   place. Their teachings became the basis of [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventism]], which eventually spawned its own offshoots, including [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/> and the [[#Davidians|Branch Davidians]]<br/> <br/>
+<div id="Adventism">'''Adventism'''</div>:<br/> Widespread trans-denominational movement inspired by William Miller's   prediction that Jesus' &quot;advent&quot; (return) would take place in 1844. Even   after the Great Disappointment (the date's failure), many people in the   movement continued to believe. Some suggested revised chronologies and   new dates, eventually forming groups such as the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]  Others, notably Hiram Edson and Ellen G. White, suggested that the 1844   date was accurate but that a heavenly (thus invisible) event had taken   place. Their teachings became the basis of [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventism]], which eventually spawned its own offshoots, including [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] and the [[#Davidians|Branch Davidians]] <br/>
-Aesthetic Realism Foundation,<br/> Eli Seigel, New York:   Happiness can be achieved through the harmony of opposites, e.g.,   realizing and accepting that the world is both beautiful and horrific   (see [[#Taoism|Taoism]]<br/>).   Educators have criticized the Foundation after public school teachers   in New York introduced the philosophy into high school English, biology,   and art courses. <br/><br/>
+Aesthetic Realism Foundation,<br/> Eli Seigel, New York:   Happiness can be achieved through the harmony of opposites, e.g.,   realizing and accepting that the world is both beautiful and horrific   (see [[#Taoism|Taoism]]).   Educators have criticized the Foundation after public school teachers   in New York introduced the philosophy into high school English, biology,   and art courses. <br/><br/>
-Aetherius Society,<br/> Sir George King: [[#Clairvoyance|Clairvoyance]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Psychometry|psychometry]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#UFO|UFO]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Occult|occult]]<br/> secrets of [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Mantra|mantras]]<br/><br/>
+Aetherius Society,<br/> Sir George King: [[#Clairvoyance|Clairvoyance]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Psychometry|psychometry]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#UFO|UFO]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Occult|occult]] secrets of [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Mantra|mantras]]<br/>
 Affective Education:<br/> Also called value-free, or   non-directive, education. Influenced by the philosophy of Carl Rogers,   affective education programs attempt to facilitate the emotional   development of children in order to enhance the learning process,   particularly focusing on self-esteem. This contrasts with traditional   educational paradigms that focus on cognitive, or intellectual,   practices such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Affective education   has become particularly influential in drug awareness programs for   youth. <br/><br/>
-Agasha Temple of Wisdom, <br/>William Eisen, Los Angeles, CA: Universal consciousness of god, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], occult [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/><br/>
+Agasha Temple of Wisdom, <br/>William Eisen, Los Angeles, CA: Universal consciousness of god, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], occult [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
-Agnosticism:<br/> The claim (denied by Romans 1:18–20) that one has no knowledge of God   or the origin of the universe. Some agnostics make the claim on a   personal level, while allowing that such knowledge may exist but has   never been known by themselves. Others assert that such knowledge cannot   be had by anyone. Agnostics avoid the charge of ''dogmatic [[#Atheism|atheism]]<br/>''<br/> by acknowledging the theoretical possibility of God's existence. Yet   virtually all live as if the non-existence of God was an established   fact, and are thus ''<br/>practical atheists''<br/><br/>
+Agnosticism:<br/> The claim (denied by Romans 1:18–20) that one has no knowledge of God   or the origin of the universe. Some agnostics make the claim on a   personal level, while allowing that such knowledge may exist but has   never been known by themselves. Others assert that such knowledge cannot   be had by anyone. Agnostics avoid the charge of ''dogmatic [[#Atheism|atheism]]'' by acknowledging the theoretical possibility of God's existence. Yet   virtually all live as if the non-existence of God was an established   fact, and are thus ''practical atheists''<br/>
-Agon Buddhism:<br/> Sect of [[#Buddhism"|Buddhism]]Uses the ''<br/>Agon Sutras''<br/> as scriptures. <br/><br/>
+Agon Buddhism:<br/> Sect of [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]Uses the ''Agon Sutras'' as scriptures. <br/><br/>
-Agyeman, Jaramogi Abebe:<br/> See [[#PanAfrican"|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/><br/>
+Agyeman, Jaramogi Abebe:<br/> See [[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/>
-<div id="Ahabah" ]]<br/>]]<br/>Ahabah Asah Prophetic Ministries: <br/>See [[#Gatekeepers"|Gatekeepers]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Ahabah">'''Ahabah Asah Prophetic Ministries:''' </div>  See [[#Gatekeepers|Gatekeepers]]<br/>
-Ahmadiyya Movement:<br/> Sect of [[#Islam"|Islam]]<br/> following the teachings of Ahmad (1835-1908), an Indian Muslim; most followers in the US are black, Indian, or Pakistani. <br/><br/>
+Ahmadiyya Movement:<br/> Sect of [[#Islam|Islam]] following the teachings of Ahmad (1835-1908), an Indian Muslim; most followers in the US are black, Indian, or Pakistani. <br/><br/>
-AION:<br/> [[#Magic"Z>Magic]], [[#Rune"|runes]], [[#Goddess"|goddess worship]]<br/><br/>
+AION:<br/> [[#MagicZ|Magic]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Goddess|goddess worship]]<br/>
-<div id="Akashic">'''Akashic Records:'''<div><br/> Term used in [[#Theosophy"|theosophy]]<br/> designating an alleged library that exists on the astral plane   containing all the thoughts, actions, and events of mankind. Mystics,   through [[#Altered"|altered states of consciousness]], tune into this library for information. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Akashic">'''Akashic Records:'''</div><br/> Term used in [[#Theosophy|theosophy]] designating an alleged library that exists on the astral plane   containing all the thoughts, actions, and events of mankind. Mystics,   through [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], tune into this library for information. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Alamo">'''Alamo Christian Foundation:'''<div><br/><br/> Tony Alamo, leader of this group, has been imprisoned by authorities for alleged illegal activities. Teaches traditional [[#Christianity"|Christianity]] is dead. Former followers have reported deplorable living conditions, [[#MindControl"|mind control]],   and slave labor. Operates Music Square Church in TN, Holiness   Tabernacle in Dyer, AR, and End Times Book is the publishing arm. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Alamo">'''Alamo Christian Foundation:'''</div><br/><br/> Tony Alamo, leader of this group, has been imprisoned by authorities for alleged illegal activities. Teaches traditional [[#Christianity|Christianity]] is dead. Former followers have reported deplorable living conditions, [[#MindControl|mind control]],   and slave labor. Operates Music Square Church in TN, Holiness   Tabernacle in Dyer, AR, and End Times Book is the publishing arm. <br/><br/>
-Alan Shawn Feinstein Association,<br/> Cranston, RI: [[#UFO"|UFOs]], contactee. <br/><br/>
+Alan Shawn Feinstein Association,<br/> Cranston, RI: [[#UFO|UFOs]], contactee. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Alchemy">'''Alchemy:'''<div> In its original, literal meaning, theories and experiments involving   the transmutation (dissolving and combining) of base metals to form gold   though chemical and/or supernatural processes. Today, it caries the   meaning of a mystical transformation in [[#New"|New Age]]<br/> consciousness through various mystical techniques. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Alchemy">'''Alchemy:'''</div> In its original, literal meaning, theories and experiments involving   the transmutation (dissolving and combining) of base metals to form gold   though chemical and/or supernatural processes. Today, it caries the   meaning of a mystical transformation in [[#New|New Age]] consciousness through various mystical techniques. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Aleph">'''Aleph:'''<div> New name adopted by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum"|Aum Shinri Kyo]]<br/> January 18, 2000. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Aleph">'''Aleph:'''</div> New name adopted by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]] January 18, 2000. <br/><br/>
-Aleph: Alliance for Jewish Renewal,<br/> Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Philadelphia, PA: Combines Chassidic [[#Judaism"|Judaism]], [[#NatAm"|Native American spirituality]], Eastern [[#Mysticism"|mysticism]], ''<br/>[[#Course"|A Course in Miracles]]<br/>'', and [[#New"|New Age]]<br/> practices. Emphasizes combining syncretistic spirituality and psychology. <br/><br/>
+Aleph: Alliance for Jewish Renewal,<br/> Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Philadelphia, PA: Combines Chassidic [[#Judaism|Judaism]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], ''[[#Course|A Course in Miracles]]'', and [[#New|New Age]] practices. Emphasizes combining syncretistic spirituality and psychology. <br/><br/>
-Aletheia Psycho-Physical Foundation, Jack Schwarz, Ashland, OR: [[#New"|New Age]] seminars on the inner-self, paraconsciousness, [[#Meditation"|meditation]]<br/> and [[#Visualization"|visualization]]<br/><br/>
+Aletheia Psycho-Physical Foundation, Jack Schwarz, Ashland, OR: [[#New|New Age]] seminars on the inner-self, paraconsciousness, [[#Meditation|meditation]] and [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
-All-One-God-Faith, Emanuel H. Bronner, Escondido, CA: Sells ''<br/>Dr. Bronner's Magic Soap,'' which claims to clean both body and soul. The soap is widely available in health-food stores. Teaches (like [[#Process"|Process Theology]])   that God is continually recreating Himself. God desires all nations and   religions to unite in an &quot;All-One-God-Faith&quot; on Spaceship Earth. This   unification will come about through following 13 precepts and 20   directives revealed to Bronner by God. <br/><br/>
+All-One-God-Faith, Emanuel H. Bronner, Escondido, CA: Sells ''Dr. Bronner's Magic Soap,'' which claims to clean both body and soul. The soap is widely available in health-food stores. Teaches (like [[#Process|Process Theology]])   that God is continually recreating Himself. God desires all nations and   religions to unite in an &quot;All-One-God-Faith&quot; on Spaceship Earth. This   unification will come about through following 13 precepts and 20   directives revealed to Bronner by God. <br/><br/>
-All Souls Unitarian Church, <br/>John Wolf, Tulsa, OK: See [[#UU"|Unitarian-Universalist]] Association for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
+All Souls Unitarian Church, <br/>John Wolf, Tulsa, OK: See [[#UU|Unitarian-Universalist]] Association for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
-''All Ways Free,'' Madison, WI: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''All Ways Free,'' Madison, WI: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-Allah: Arabic, Muslim name for God; see [[#Islam"|Islam.]]<br/><br/>
+Allah: Arabic, Muslim name for God; see [[#Islam|Islam.]]<br/>
-Allegro, John: Wrote ''[[#Mushroom"|The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross]]<br/>.''<br/>
+Allegro, John: Wrote ''[[#Mushroom|The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross]].''
-Alphabiotic New Life Center,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New"ZNew Age]] seminars on one's divine being, [[#Ramtha"|Ramtha]], [[#Yoga"|yoga]]<br/> and [[#Channeling"|channeling]]<br/><br/>
+Alphabiotic New Life Center,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New"ZNew Age]] seminars on one's divine being, [[#Ramtha|Ramtha]], [[#Yoga|yoga]] and [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
-Alphasonic International, Los Angeles, CA: Company specializing in tapes with [[#Sublim"|subliminal messages]]<br/><br/>
+Alphasonic International, Los Angeles, CA: Company specializing in tapes with [[#Sublim|subliminal messages]]<br/>
-<div id="Altered"|Altered States of Consciousness:><br/> [[#Trance"|Trances]] entered through [[#Hypnosis"|hypnosis]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], drugs (including hallucinogenics), [[#Visualization"|visualization]],   etc. State of being in which one allows the subconscious to take   control and guide. May heighten one's vulnerability to suggestion or   susceptibility to deception. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Altered">'''Altered States of Consciousness:'''</div> [[#Trance|Trances]] entered through [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], drugs (including hallucinogenics), [[#Visualization|visualization]],   etc. State of being in which one allows the subconscious to take   control and guide. May heighten one's vulnerability to suggestion or   susceptibility to deception. <br/><br/>
-Alternative Medicine:<br/> See [[#Holistic"|Holistic Health]]<br/><br/>
+Alternative Medicine:<br/> See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]]<br/>
-Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America: See [[#Mon-Ka"|Mon-Ka Retreat…]<br/><br/>
+Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America: See [[#Mon-Ka|Mon-Ka Retreat…]<br/>
-Ambassador University, Big Sandy, TX: Now defunct Liberal arts and religious institution founded by Herbert Armstrong. See [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]]<br/><br/>
+Ambassador University, Big Sandy, TX: Now defunct Liberal arts and religious institution founded by Herbert Armstrong. See [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/>
-Ambassadors For Christ, Tustin, CA: See [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
+Ambassadors For Christ, Tustin, CA: See [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
-Ameba, San Francisco, CA: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], promotes the teachings of [[#Crowley"|Aleister Crowley]], [[#Celt"|Celtic rituals]]<br/><br/>
+Ameba, San Francisco, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], promotes the teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]], [[#Celt|Celtic rituals]]<br/>
-American Academy of Dissident Sciences, Culver City, CA: Studying a wide array of conspiracy theories, the Academy focuses on [[#UFO"|UFOs]] and the [[#Illuminati"|Illuminati]]<br/><br/>
+American Academy of Dissident Sciences, Culver City, CA: Studying a wide array of conspiracy theories, the Academy focuses on [[#UFO|UFOs]] and the [[#Illuminati|Illuminati]]<br/>
-American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine,<br/> Fairfield, IA: [[#Holistic"|Holistic health]] association founded by [[#Chopra"|Deepak Chopra]]<br/> while he followed the [[#Maharishi"|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] (see [[#Ayurvedicmed"|Ayurvedic medicine]]; [[#TM"|Transcendental Meditation]]). <br/><br/>
+American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine,<br/> Fairfield, IA: [[#Holistic|Holistic health]] association founded by [[#Chopra|Deepak Chopra]] while he followed the [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] (see [[#Ayurvedicmed|Ayurvedic medicine]]; [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]). <br/><br/>
-<div id="Am Atheists">'''American Atheists, Inc.,'''<div> Madalyn   Murray-O'Hair, Austin, TX: Advocates strict separation of church and   state, and actively opposes Christian influence on society. O'Hair and   two children disappeared in 1994 with a sizeable portion of the   organization's assets. It is now believed they were murdered. Publishes ''American Atheist'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Am Atheists">'''American Atheists, Inc.,'''</div> Madalyn   Murray-O'Hair, Austin, TX: Advocates strict separation of church and   state, and actively opposes Christian influence on society. O'Hair and   two children disappeared in 1994 with a sizeable portion of the   organization's assets. It is now believed they were murdered. Publishes ''American Atheist'' magazine. <br/><br/>
-American Babaji Yoga Sangam,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]]-based philosophy, [[#Yoga"|yoga]]<br/><br/>
+American Babaji Yoga Sangam,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]-based philosophy, [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
-Americ an Constitution Committee: Political organization of the [[#Unification"|Unification Church]]<br/><br/>
+Americ an Constitution Committee: Political organization of the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
-American Fellowship Services: Splinter group of  [[#Way"|The Way International]]<br/><br/>
+American Fellowship Services: Splinter group of  [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
-American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence: A branch of [[#TM"|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/><br/>
+American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence: A branch of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
-American Gnostic Church, <br/>Daeva Ares Animo: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], [[#Kabbalah"|Kabbalah]] rituals, Egyptian [[#Magic"|magic]], [[#Satanism"|Satanism]] rituals of [[#LaVey"|Anton LaVey]], Gnostic Mass. <br/><br/>
+American Gnostic Church, <br/>Daeva Ares Animo: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] rituals, Egyptian [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Satanism|Satanism]] rituals of [[#LaVey|Anton LaVey]], Gnostic Mass. <br/><br/>
-American Holistic Nurses Association, Amherst, MA: Trains medical nurses to use [[#Touch"|therapeutic touch]] and [[#Meditation"|meditation]] with patients. <br/><br/>
+American Holistic Nurses Association, Amherst, MA: Trains medical nurses to use [[#Touch|therapeutic touch]] and [[#Meditation|meditation]] with patients. <br/><br/>
-American Imagery Institute Milwaukee, WI: [[#New"|New Age]] teachings on [[#Visualization"|visualization]], [[#Astral"|astral projection]]<br/><br/>
+American Imagery Institute Milwaukee, WI: [[#New|New Age]] teachings on [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
-American Leadership College, Inc. Osceola, IA: [[#New"|New Age]] [[#Occult"|occult]]<br/> teachings on [[#Trance"|trance]] healings, [[#Medium"|mediumship]], self-realization dreams. <br/><br/>
+American Leadership College, Inc. Osceola, IA: [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occult]] teachings on [[#Trance|trance]] healings, [[#Medium|mediumship]], self-realization dreams. <br/><br/>
-American Pie and the Armageddon Bible Prophecy Home Page: The pop song American Pie, which prophesies the destruction of America, was foretold in the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32. See [[#Apocalypse"|Apocalypse]]<br/><br/>
+American Pie and the Armageddon Bible Prophecy Home Page: The pop song American Pie, which prophesies the destruction of America, was foretold in the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32. See [[#Apocalypse|Apocalypse]]<br/>
-American Society for Psychical Research, Simon Newcomb, New York, NY: [[#ESP"|ESP]], [[#OBE"|out-of-body experiences]], [[#Medium"|mediums]], [[#Parapsychology"|parapsychology]], [[#psychokinesis"|psychokinesis]]<br/><br/>
+American Society for Psychical Research, Simon Newcomb, New York, NY: [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]], [[#Medium|mediums]], [[#Parapsychology|parapsychology]], [[#psychokinesis|psychokinesis]]<br/>
-American Study Group, UT: Defunct splinter group from [[#LDS"|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]<br/> (LDS) that used the [[#BoM"|Book of Mormon]]<br/> and the teachings of LDS leaders to speculate on end-time events. <br/><br/>
+American Study Group, UT: Defunct splinter group from [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) that used the [[#BoM|Book of Mormon]] and the teachings of LDS leaders to speculate on end-time events. <br/><br/>
-<div id="AmericanTemple">'''American Temple,'''<div> Michael   Whitney, Portland, OR: A &quot;fourth wave&quot; esoteric and mystical order led   by &quot;Patriarch&quot; Michael Whitney reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMANS"|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="AmericanTemple">'''American Temple,'''</div> Michael   Whitney, Portland, OR: A &quot;fourth wave&quot; esoteric and mystical order led   by &quot;Patriarch&quot; Michael Whitney reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMANS|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
-American West Publishers, Tehachapi, CA: [[#UFO"|UFOs]] cosmic laws of balance. Publishes the ''Phoenix Journal''<br/><br/>
+American West Publishers, Tehachapi, CA: [[#UFO|UFOs]] cosmic laws of balance. Publishes the ''Phoenix Journal''<br/>
-American Zen Center: [[#Zen"|Zen Buddhism]], [[#Shamanism"|shamanism]], [[#Sufism"|Sufism]]<br/><br/>
+American Zen Center: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Sufism|Sufism]]<br/>
-'''AMOM:''' See [[#AncientMysticOrder"|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/><br/>
+'''AMOM:''' See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/>
-'''AMOOKOS:''' [[#Occult"|Occult]], [[#Magic"|magic]], some [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]], man is already a master. <br/><br/>
+'''AMOOKOS:''' [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], some [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], man is already a master. <br/><br/>
-'''AMORC:''' See [[#RosiOrd"|Rosicrucian Order]]<br/><br/>
+'''AMORC:''' See [[#RosiOrd|Rosicrucian Order]]<br/>
-<div id="Ananda">Ananda Marga,<div> Denver, CO: Philosophy and deities of []#Hinduism"|Hinduism]], teaches [[#Meditation"|meditation]] and [[#Yoga"|yoga]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Ananda">'''Ananda Marga,'''</div> Denver, CO: Philosophy and deities of []#Hinduism|Hinduism]], teaches [[#Meditation|meditation]] and [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
-Anchor of Golden Light, Dorothy and Henry Leon, Grants Pass, OR: [[#UFO"|UFOs]], [[#Ascended"|Ascended Masters]], [[#Kabbalah"|Kabbalah]] [[#Mysticism"|mysticism]], [[#Alchemy"|alchemy]], [[#Numerology"|numerology]] Publishes the ''Anchor of Golden Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Anchor of Golden Light, Dorothy and Henry Leon, Grants Pass, OR: [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Numerology|numerology]] Publishes the ''Anchor of Golden Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-<div id="AncientMysticOrder">Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek,<div> Malachi Z. York, Eatonton, GA: Also known as AMOM, Nuwaubians, the Nubian Nation of Moors, Right Knowledge. A [[#UFO"|UFO]] group whose leader, (a.k.a. Dwight York) claims to be form the 19th   galaxy, called Illyuwn. A 1993 FBI report calls the group a &quot;front for a   wide range of criminal activity, including arson, welfare fraud and   extortion.&quot; York's group has also operated under other names and   organizations including the Nubian Islaamic [sic] Hebrew Mission, the   Ansaaru Allah Community, (an [[#Islam"|Islamic]] sect with doctrines similar to [[#NatIslam"|Nation of Islam]], and the Original Tents of Kedar. <br/><br/>
+<div id="AncientMysticOrder">''''Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek,'''</div> Malachi Z. York, Eatonton, GA: Also known as AMOM, Nuwaubians, the Nubian Nation of Moors, Right Knowledge. A [[#UFO|UFO]] group whose leader, (a.k.a. Dwight York) claims to be form the 19th   galaxy, called Illyuwn. A 1993 FBI report calls the group a &quot;front for a   wide range of criminal activity, including arson, welfare fraud and   extortion.&quot; York's group has also operated under other names and   organizations including the Nubian Islaamic [sic] Hebrew Mission, the   Ansaaru Allah Community, (an [[#Islam|Islamic]] sect with doctrines similar to [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]], and the Original Tents of Kedar. <br/><br/>
-Ancient Wisdom Connection, N. Myrtle Beach, SC: [[#New"|New Age]] [[#Channeling"|channeling]], [[#Numerology"|numerology]] and belief in &quot;Lord Sananda,&quot; who is an incarnation of [[#Jesus"|Jesus]]<br/><br/>
+Ancient Wisdom Connection, N. Myrtle Beach, SC: [[#New|New Age]] [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Numerology|numerology]] and belief in &quot;Lord Sananda,&quot; who is an incarnation of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
-<div id="Angels">Angels:<div> Supernatural, non-human beings created by God. Angels worship God and serve as His messengers. The angels who followed [[#Satan"|Satan]] and rebelled against God are called [[#Demons"|demons]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Angels">'''Angels:'''</div> Supernatural, non-human beings created by God. Angels worship God and serve as His messengers. The angels who followed [[#Satan|Satan]] and rebelled against God are called [[#Demons|demons]]<br/>
-Anglo-Israelism: See [[#British"|British Israelism]]<br/><br/>
+Anglo-Israelism: See [[#British|British Israelism]]<br/>
-Animal Magnetism: See [[#Mesmerism"|Mesmerism]]<br/><br/>
+Animal Magnetism: See [[#Mesmerism|Mesmerism]]<br/>
-<div id="Animism">'''Animism:'''<div> The idea that all things in   the universe are inherently invested with a life force, soul, or mind.   This belief is an important component of many primitive religions, the [[#Occult"|occult]], and [[#Spiritism"|spiritism]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Animism">'''Animism:'''</div> The idea that all things in   the universe are inherently invested with a life force, soul, or mind.   This belief is an important component of many primitive religions, the [[#Occult|occult]], and [[#Spiritism|spiritism]]<br/>
-<div id="Annihilationism">'''Annihilationism:'''<div> Taught by most [[#Adventism"|Adventist]] groups, including the [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]],   this doctrine denies the conscious, eternal punishment of the lost.   Instead, humans who do not receive eternal life will be destroyed and   cease to exist. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Annihilationism">'''Annihilationism:'''</div> Taught by most [[#Adventism|Adventist]] groups, including the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]],   this doctrine denies the conscious, eternal punishment of the lost.   Instead, humans who do not receive eternal life will be destroyed and   cease to exist. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Anointed">'''Anointed Class:'''<div> See [[#Little"|Little Flock]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Anointed">'''Anointed Class:'''</div> See [[#Little|Little Flock]]<br/>
-<div id="Answers">'''Answers Research and Education,'''<div> Bud Cocherell, San Jose, CA: Man's destiny is to become a God, keep Old Testament festivals. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Answers">'''Answers Research and Education,'''</div> Bud Cocherell, San Jose, CA: Man's destiny is to become a God, keep Old Testament festivals. <br/><br/>
-Anthropomancy: A form of [[#Divination"|divination]] based on [[#Psychic"|psychic]] readings of the entrails of a human who has been ritualistically sacrificed. <br/><br/>
+Anthropomancy: A form of [[#Divination|divination]] based on [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings of the entrails of a human who has been ritualistically sacrificed. <br/><br/>
 Anthroposophic Society, Rudolf Steiner, Hudson, NY: Similar to the Chicago organization (below), possibly affiliated. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Anthro">Anthroposophical Society,<div> Rudolf Steiner, Chicago, IL: [[#Occult"|Occult]], related to [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]<br/>; teachings on [[#Karma"|karma]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], [[#Atlantis"|Atlantis]] and [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Anthro">Anthroposophical Society,</div> Rudolf Steiner, Chicago, IL: [[#Occult|Occult]], related to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]; teachings on [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]] and [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
-<div id="Apocalypse">'''Apocalypse:'''<div> Also called Armageddon. From the Greek word ''apokalypsis,'' meaning &quot;revelation, disclosure, or unveiling,&quot; the term apocalypse   refers in the Bible to the summation of human history through God's   direct judgment upon the world. Central in biblical apocalyptic   literature is the Revelation to John (sometimes called The Apocalypse). A   common feature of many pseudo-Christian groups is their attempts to   predict the date of the apocalypse. For examples of groups that have   falsely predicted the apocalypse, see [[#Stone"|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]], [[#Adventism"|Adventism]], [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Apocalypse">'''Apocalypse:'''</div> Also called Armageddon. From the Greek word ''apokalypsis,'' meaning &quot;revelation, disclosure, or unveiling,&quot; the term apocalypse   refers in the Bible to the summation of human history through God's   direct judgment upon the world. Central in biblical apocalyptic   literature is the Revelation to John (sometimes called The Apocalypse). A   common feature of many pseudo-Christian groups is their attempts to   predict the date of the apocalypse. For examples of groups that have   falsely predicted the apocalypse, see [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]], [[#Adventism|Adventism]], [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
-Apostasy:<br/> From the Greek word ''apostasis,'' meaning &quot;rebellion,&quot; and the Latin word ''<br/>apostasia,'' meaning &quot;abandonment,&quot; the term apostasy refers to a renunciation of the Christian faith. The [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/> applies the label ''apostate'' to former Jehovah's Witnesses, who are then [[#Shunning"|shunned]] by all Witnesses in good standing. <br/><br/>
+Apostasy:<br/> From the Greek word ''apostasis,'' meaning &quot;rebellion,&quot; and the Latin word ''apostasia,'' meaning &quot;abandonment,&quot; the term apostasy refers to a renunciation of the Christian faith. The [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] applies the label ''apostate'' to former Jehovah's Witnesses, who are then [[#Shunning|shunned]] by all Witnesses in good standing. <br/><br/>
-Apostle: From the Greek word ''apostolos,'' meaning   &quot;messenger,&quot; the term apostle refers to those leaders of the early   Christian church who were chosen by Jesus. The criteria for being an   apostle was 1) the individual was personally chosen by Christ; and 2)   the individual must have personally seen Christ. Members of the top two   quorums of leadership in [[#LDS"|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] claim the title today. <br/><br/>
+Apostle: From the Greek word ''apostolos,'' meaning   &quot;messenger,&quot; the term apostle refers to those leaders of the early   Christian church who were chosen by Jesus. The criteria for being an   apostle was 1) the individual was personally chosen by Christ; and 2)   the individual must have personally seen Christ. Members of the top two   quorums of leadership in [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] claim the title today. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Apostolic">'''Apostolic Churches:'''<div> A branch of Pentecostalism including several denominations as well as   independent churches with the name &quot;Apostolic&quot;; many (but not all)   Apostolic churches adhere to [[#OnePent"|Oneness Pentecostalism]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Apostolic">'''Apostolic Churches:'''</div> A branch of Pentecostalism including several denominations as well as   independent churches with the name &quot;Apostolic&quot;; many (but not all)   Apostolic churches adhere to [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]]<br/>
 Apostolic Overcoming Holiness of God, Inc., Birmingham, AL: Pentecostal church, stresses the oneness of God while   accepting the Triune Being of the Godhead. Salvation depends upon   baptism, tarrying to receive the Holy Spirit, and holiness. Publishes ''The People's Mouthpiece'' magazine. <br/><br/>
-Apostolic United Brethren:<br/> See [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren"|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]]<br/><br/>
+Apostolic United Brethren:<br/> See [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]]<br/>
-Applewhite, Marshall:<br/> See [[#Heavens" gate="|Heaven's Gate]]<br/><br/>
+Applewhite, Marshall:<br/> See [[#Heavens" gate=|Heaven's Gate]]<br/>
-<div id="Kinesiology">'''Applied Kinesiology:'''<div> [[#New"|New Age]] diagnostic technique sometimes called &quot;muscle testing.&quot; Often patients   hold health care products (vitamins, herbs, etc) in their hand while the   practitioner pulls or &quot;tests&quot; the reciprocal strength in the finger,   arm, etc. to determine the effectiveness or dosage of the remedy. See [[#Holistic"|Holistic Health]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Kinesiology">'''Applied Kinesiology:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] diagnostic technique sometimes called &quot;muscle testing.&quot; Often patients   hold health care products (vitamins, herbs, etc) in their hand while the   practitioner pulls or &quot;tests&quot; the reciprocal strength in the finger,   arm, etc. to determine the effectiveness or dosage of the remedy. See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]]<br/>
-Aquarian Academy,<br/> Robert E. Birdsong, Eureka, CA: [[#Jesus"|Jesus]] only an [[#Avatar"|avatar]]<br/> of the Cosmic [[#Christ"|Christ]], of the [[#WhiteBro"|Great White Brotherhood]]<br/> of Light. Man's purpose is to reach the transcendental plane, release from the wheel of fate, [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], cosmic truths. <br/><br/>
+Aquarian Academy, Robert E. Birdsong, Eureka, CA: [[#Jesus|Jesus]] only an [[#Avatar|avatar]] of the Cosmic [[#Christ|Christ]], of the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]] of Light. Man's purpose is to reach the transcendental plane, release from the wheel of fate, [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], cosmic truths. <br/><br/>
-Aquarian Age Teaching, Ruby Focus, Sedona, AZ: Discover the God within, the Father-Mother god, [[#Atlantis"|Atlantis]], [[#ChristCon"|Christ-consciousness]]<br/><br/>
+Aquarian Age Teaching, Ruby Focus, Sedona, AZ: Discover the God within, the Father-Mother god, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
-Aquarian Church of Universal Service,<br/> Paul Shockley, Portland, OR: Teaches cosmic awareness but with no specific doctrine. Similar to [[#UU"|Unitarian-Universalist]]<br/><br/>
+Aquarian Church of Universal Service,<br/> Paul Shockley, Portland, OR: Teaches cosmic awareness but with no specific doctrine. Similar to [[#UU|Unitarian-Universalist]]<br/>
-''The Aquarian Conspiracy,''<br/><br/> Marilyn Ferguson: A book documenting and advocating the widespread growth of the New Age movement. <br/><br/>
+''The Aquarian Conspiracy,''<br/> Marilyn Ferguson: A book documenting and advocating the widespread growth of the New Age movement. <br/><br/>
-Aquarian Educational Group, <br/>Torkom Saraydarian, Sedona, AZ: [[#Astrology"|Astrology]], moon festivals, use the ''[[#Bhagavad"|Bhagavad-Gita]],'' [[#Jesus"|Jesus]]<br/> only an [[#Avatar"|avatar]]Publishes the ''Fiery Synthesis'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Aquarian Educational Group, <br/>Torkom Saraydarian, Sedona, AZ: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], moon festivals, use the ''[[#Bhagavad|Bhagavad-Gita]],'' [[#Jesus|Jesus]] only an [[#Avatar|avatar]]Publishes the ''Fiery Synthesis'' magazine. <br/><br/>
-Aquarian Foundation, Keith Milton Rhinehart, Seattle, WA: [[#Universalism"|Universalism]], [[#Yoga"|yoga]], [[#Spiritism"|spiritism]], [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]<br/>-based philosophy. <br/><br/>
+Aquarian Foundation, Keith Milton Rhinehart, Seattle, WA: [[#Universalism|Universalism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]-based philosophy. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Aquarian Gospel">'''Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ:''<div> Book written by Levi H. Dowling, a [[#New"|New Age]], apocryphal story supposedly based on the [[#Akashic"|Akashic Records]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Aquarian Gospel">'''Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ:''</div> Book written by Levi H. Dowling, a [[#New|New Age]], apocryphal story supposedly based on the [[#Akashic|Akashic Records]]<br/>
-Aquarian Minyan,<br/> Berkeley, CA: Jewish group, [[#Yoga"|yoga]], [[#Mysticism"|mysticism]]<br/><br/>
+Aquarian Minyan,<br/> Berkeley, CA: Jewish group, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Mysticism|mysticism]]<br/>
-Aquarian Perspectives Inter Planetary Mission,<br/> Montgomery, AL: [[#UFO"|UFO]]<br/> group, receives messages from Futron and the Rainbow Star Legionnaires. <br/><br/>
+Aquarian Perspectives Inter Planetary Mission,<br/> Montgomery, AL: [[#UFO|UFO]] group, receives messages from Futron and the Rainbow Star Legionnaires. <br/><br/>
-Aquarian Tabernacle Church,<br/> Index, WA: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], worship of Mother Earth, [[#Goddess"|goddess]]<br/> worship, sun and moon festival, [[#Magic"|magic]]Publishes the ''Panegyria'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Aquarian Tabernacle Church, Index, WA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], worship of Mother Earth, [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, sun and moon festival, [[#Magic|magic]]Publishes the ''Panegyria'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-Arcana Workshop,<br/> Manhattan Beach, CA: [[#Meditation"|Meditation]], [[#GreatInvocation"|Great Invocation]], moon festivals. Based on the teachings of Alice Bailey (see [[#Arcane"|Arcane School]]). Publishes the ''<br/>Thoughtline'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Arcana Workshop,<br/> Manhattan Beach, CA: [[#Meditation|Meditation]], [[#GreatInvocation|Great Invocation]], moon festivals. Based on the teachings of Alice Bailey (see [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]). Publishes the ''Thoughtline'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Arcane">'''Arcane School''',<div> Alice Bailey: [[#Occult"|Occult]], [[#Esoteric"|esoteric]]<br/> teachings, connected with Lucis Trust, formerly Lucifer Trust. Similar to [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Arcane">'''Arcane School''',</div> Alice Bailey: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] teachings, connected with Lucis Trust, formerly Lucifer Trust. Similar to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
-<div id="Arefu">'''Arefu:'''<div> Company created and owned by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum"|Aum Shinri Kyo]]<br/> for real estate brokering, financing and seminars. On January 18, 2000,   the cult announced it was also changing its own name to Arefu ([[#Aum"|Aleph]], in English). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Arefu">'''Arefu:'''</div> Company created and owned by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]] for real estate brokering, financing and seminars. On January 18, 2000,   the cult announced it was also changing its own name to Arefu ([[#Aum|Aleph]], in English). <br/><br/>
-Arete Truth Center,<br/> Paul Lachlan Peck, Las Vegas, NV: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics"|metaphysics]], teaches balancing the body, mind and spirit. <br/><br/>
+Arete Truth Center,<br/> Paul Lachlan Peck, Las Vegas, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], teaches balancing the body, mind and spirit. <br/><br/>
-Arguelles, Jose: New Ager who staged the [[#Harmonic"|Harmonic Convergence]]<br/><br/>
+Arguelles, Jose: New Ager who staged the [[#Harmonic|Harmonic Convergence]]<br/>
-''Arizona Light,''<br/><br/> Phoenix, AZ: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Arizona Light,'' Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-Arizona Metaphysical Society, Frank Alper, Phoenix, AZ: [[#New"|New Age]] seminars on [[#Rebirthing"|rebirthing]], [[#Astral"|astral projection]], [[#Channeling"|channeling]], [[#Karma"|karma]], [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]], and [[#Crystal"|crystals]]<br/><br/>
+Arizona Metaphysical Society, Frank Alper, Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] seminars on [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], and [[#Crystal|crystals]]
-''Arizona Network News,'' Scottsdale, AZ: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Arizona Network News,'' Scottsdale, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-Arm of the Lord, Warren, OH: Teaches that it is a satanic idea to invite [[#Jesus"|Jesus]] into &quot;one's life.&quot; <br/><br/>
+Arm of the Lord, Warren, OH: Teaches that it is a satanic idea to invite [[#Jesus|Jesus]] into &quot;one's life.&quot; <br/><br/>
-Armageddon Time Ark Base Operation, O.T. Nodrog, Weslaco, TX: [[#UFO"|UFO]] group, channels messages from outer dimensional forces. <br/><br/>
+Armageddon Time Ark Base Operation, O.T. Nodrog, Weslaco, TX: [[#UFO|UFO]] group, channels messages from outer dimensional forces. <br/><br/>
-Armstrong, Garner Ted: Son of Herbert W. Armstrong who formed his own rival [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]]<br/> splinter group, the Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelistic Association. See [[#COGI"|Church of God, International]]<br/><br/>
+Armstrong, Garner Ted: Son of Herbert W. Armstrong who formed his own rival [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group, the Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelistic Association. See [[#COGI|Church of God, International]]<br/>
-Armstrong, Herbert W.: See [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]], [[#WCOG"|Worldwide Church of God]]<br/><br/>
+Armstrong, Herbert W.: See [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]], [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]]<br/>
-<div id="Armstrongism">'''Armstrongism:'''<div> The doctrines and religious movement originating with Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), who founded the [[#WCOG"|Worldwide Church of God]]<br/> (WCG). Armstrong rejected such essential doctrines of [[#EvanChrist"|evangelical Christianity]]<br/> as the [[#Trinity"|Trinity]], the full deity of [[#Jesus"|Jesus]] [[#Christ"|Christ]], and the personality of the Holy Spirit. Armstrong taught [[#British"|British Israelism]] and believed that worthy humans could eventually &quot;become God as God is God.&quot; Teaches [[#SavWorks"|salvation by works]] predicated on [[#Sabbatarianism"|Sabbatarianism]],   tithing (20-30%), and keeping the Old Testament feast days and dietary   laws. Under the leadership of Armstrong's successors, Joseph W. Tkach   and his son Joe Tkach, the WCG has undergone a radical doctrinal   transformation. Scores of splinter groups, such as the [[#GlobalCoG"|Global Church of God]] and the [[#UnitedCoG"|United Church of God]], continue to teach various forms of Armstrongism. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Armstrongism">'''Armstrongism:'''</div> The doctrines and religious movement originating with Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), who founded the [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]] (WCG). Armstrong rejected such essential doctrines of [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]] as the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], the full deity of [[#Jesus|Jesus]] [[#Christ|Christ]], and the personality of the Holy Spirit. Armstrong taught [[#British|British Israelism]] and believed that worthy humans could eventually &quot;become God as God is God.&quot; Teaches [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]] predicated on [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]],   tithing (20-30%), and keeping the Old Testament feast days and dietary   laws. Under the leadership of Armstrong's successors, Joseph W. Tkach   and his son Joe Tkach, the WCG has undergone a radical doctrinal   transformation. Scores of splinter groups, such as the [[#GlobalCoG|Global Church of God]] and the [[#UnitedCoG|United Church of God]], continue to teach various forms of Armstrongism. <br/><br/>
-Arn Draiocht Fein, P.E.I. Bonewits, Nyack, NY: [[#Neopagan"|Paganism]], [[#Druid"|Druids]], [[#Polytheism"|polytheism]], nature worship. Publishes ''News from the Mother Grove''<br/> newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Arn Draiocht Fein, P.E.I. Bonewits, Nyack, NY: [[#Neopagan|Paganism]], [[#Druid|Druids]], [[#Polytheism|polytheism]], nature worship. Publishes ''News from the Mother Grove'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Aromatherapy">'''Aromatherapy:'''<div> [[#Holistic"|Holistic health]]> practice of seeking to heal certain diseases or illnesses by inhaling scented steam or fragrances. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Aromatherapy">'''Aromatherapy:'''</div> [[#Holistic|Holistic health]]> practice of seeking to heal certain diseases or illnesses by inhaling scented steam or fragrances. <br/><br/>
-Aromatherapy Seminars, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Holistic"|Holistic Healing]] therapy, oils healing the psyche. See Aromatherapy. <br/><br/>
+Aromatherapy Seminars, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Holistic|Holistic Healing]] therapy, oils healing the psyche. See Aromatherapy. <br/><br/>
-Arunachala Ashram, Bhagavan Sri Ramana: [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]] -based philosophy, also called Maharshi Center, Inc. <br/><br/>
+Arunachala Ashram, Bhagavan Sri Ramana: [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] -based philosophy, also called Maharshi Center, Inc. <br/><br/>
-Aryan Nations Church, <br/>Hayden Lake, ID: A neo-Nazi paramilitary organization in the [[#ChristianID"|Christian Identity movement]]<br/> that preaches against all non-Caucasian groups. The Order, an Aryan   Nations break-off group, killed Alan Berg, a Jewish radio personality in   Denver, in 1984. The Aryan Nations received national notice in 1992   when the wife of member Randy Weaver was killed in a shootout with the   FBI in Ruby Ridge, ID. <br/><br/>
+Aryan Nations Church, <br/>Hayden Lake, ID: A neo-Nazi paramilitary organization in the [[#ChristianID|Christian Identity movement]] that preaches against all non-Caucasian groups. The Order, an Aryan   Nations break-off group, killed Alan Berg, a Jewish radio personality in   Denver, in 1984. The Aryan Nations received national notice in 1992   when the wife of member Randy Weaver was killed in a shootout with the   FBI in Ruby Ridge, ID. <br/><br/>
-As It Is:<br/> See [[#ProChurch"|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/><br/>
+As It Is:<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
-Asatru Free Assembly, Denair, CA: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], worships Odin as Father-god, Frigga as Mother-god and Nerthus as Mother-Earth. Publishes ''<br/>The Runestone''<br/> newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Asatru Free Assembly, Denair, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], worships Odin as Father-god, Frigga as Mother-god and Nerthus as Mother-Earth. Publishes ''The Runestone'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-Ascended Master Teaching Foundation,<br/> Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#Occult"|Occult]], part of the [[#IAM"|I AM movement]], [[#WhiteBro"|Great White Brotherhood]], similar to [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
+Ascended Master Teaching Foundation,<br/> Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], part of the [[#IAM|I AM movement]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], similar to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
-<div id="Ascended">'''Ascended Masters:'''<div> Sometimes called the [[#WhiteBro"|Great White Brotherhood]][[#Occult"|Occult]], [[#New"|New Age]] belief in alleged teachers or masters who live on an astral plane as   non-physical entities beyond time and space. They can supposedly   communicate spiritual truths to humans through [[#Channeling"|channeling]] or other [[#Occult"|occult]] techniques. Membership includes [[#Jesus"|Jesus]], [[#Buddha"|Buddha]], St. Germain (see [[#IAM"|I AM movement]]<br/>), Ramtha (see [[#Knight"|Knight, J. Z.]]), Mafu (see [[#Torres"|Torres, Penny]], Seth (see [[#Roberts"|Roberts, Jane]], and others. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Ascended">'''Ascended Masters:'''</div> Sometimes called the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]][[#Occult|Occult]], [[#New|New Age]] belief in alleged teachers or masters who live on an astral plane as   non-physical entities beyond time and space. They can supposedly   communicate spiritual truths to humans through [[#Channeling|channeling]] or other [[#Occult|occult]] techniques. Membership includes [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Buddha|Buddha]], St. Germain (see [[#IAM|I AM movement]]), Ramtha (see [[#Knight|Knight, J. Z.]]), Mafu (see [[#Torres|Torres, Penny]], Seth (see [[#Roberts|Roberts, Jane]], and others. <br/><br/>
-Ascended Masters School of Light, Toni Moltzan, Carrollton, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Channeling"|channeling]], [[#Ascended"|Ascended Masters]] including [[#Jesus"|Jesus]], universal consciousness. <br/><br/>
+Ascended Masters School of Light, Toni Moltzan, Carrollton, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]] including [[#Jesus|Jesus]], universal consciousness. <br/><br/>
-Ascension Week Enterprises, Santa Fe, NM: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Channeling"|Channeling]], reaching out to children with [[#New"|New Age]] programs. <br/><br/>
+Ascension Week Enterprises, Santa Fe, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|Channeling]], reaching out to children with [[#New|New Age]] programs. <br/><br/>
-ASCENT Foundation,<br/> Larry Jensen, Sedona, AZ: [[#New"|New Age]] enlightenment, similar to [[#Silva"|Silva Mind Control]], [[#Est"|est]], and [[#Lifespring"|Lifespring]]<br/><br/>
+ASCENT Foundation,<br/> Larry Jensen, Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] enlightenment, similar to [[#Silva|Silva Mind Control]], [[#Est|est]], and [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]]<br/>
-Asheville Meditation Center, Asheville, NC: [[#New"|New Age]], achieving man's divine nature, transcendence. <br/><br/>
+Asheville Meditation Center, Asheville, NC: [[#New|New Age]], achieving man's divine nature, transcendence. <br/><br/>
-Assemblies of the Called Out Ones of &quot;Yah,&quot; Sam Surratt, Milan, TX: [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name movement]]<br/><br/>
+Assemblies of the Called Out Ones of &quot;Yah,&quot; Sam Surratt, Milan, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
-Assemblies of Yahweh,<br/> Jacob Meyer, Bethel, PA: Publishes ''<br/>The Sacred Name Broadcaster'' magazine. See [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name movement]]<br/><br/>
+Assemblies of Yahweh,<br/> Jacob Meyer, Bethel, PA: Publishes ''The Sacred Name Broadcaster'' magazine. See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
-Assemblies of Yahweh (7th day), Cisco, TX: See [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name movement]]<br/><br/>
+Assemblies of Yahweh (7th day), Cisco, TX: See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
-Assembly of Scientific Astrologers,<br/> George Cardinal, LeGrosoplin, MO: [[#Esoteric"|Esoteric]] [[#Astrology"|astrology]], [[#Karma"|karma]]<br/> and [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]]<br/><br/>
+Assembly of Scientific Astrologers,<br/> George Cardinal, LeGrosoplin, MO: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Karma|karma]] and [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
-Assembly of Yahweh, Holt, MI: Founded in 1930, perhaps the oldest of the [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name]] groups in America. [[#Sabbatarianism"|Sabbatarianism]] ''Publishes The Faith''<br/><br/>
+Assembly of Yahweh, Holt, MI: Founded in 1930, perhaps the oldest of the [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] groups in America. [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]] ''Publishes The Faith''<br/>
-Assembly of YHW Yoshua, Pueblo, CO: [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name movement]]<br/><br/>
+Assembly of YHW Yoshua, Pueblo, CO: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
-Associated Readers of Tarot International, Carbondale, IL: [[#Tarot"|Tarot]] form of [[#Divination"|divination]], [[#Celt"|Celtic rituals]]<br/><br/>
+Associated Readers of Tarot International, Carbondale, IL: [[#Tarot|Tarot]] form of [[#Divination|divination]], [[#Celt|Celtic rituals]]<br/>
-Associates for Scriptural Knowledge, Ernest L. Martin, Portland, OR: Anti-denominational group whose Associates study doctrine through a Home Study Course. Teaches [[#Universalism"|universalism]],   i.e., that all people will be saved (although not all will experience   the first resurrection and live in Christ's millennial kingdom), and the [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name]] doctrine (Martin claims that the name Yahweh was removed from the Bible   by Jerome). Martin was fired by the Foundation for Biblical Research   (an [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]] splinter group in Alhambra, CA) in 1984 for espousing these doctrines. Publishes a &quot;restored&quot; Bible called ''The Manuscript Version of the Bible,'' and ''The ASK Communicator.''<br/><br/>
+Associates for Scriptural Knowledge, Ernest L. Martin, Portland, OR: Anti-denominational group whose Associates study doctrine through a Home Study Course. Teaches [[#Universalism|universalism]],   i.e., that all people will be saved (although not all will experience   the first resurrection and live in Christ's millennial kingdom), and the [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] doctrine (Martin claims that the name Yahweh was removed from the Bible   by Jerome). Martin was fired by the Foundation for Biblical Research   (an [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group in Alhambra, CA) in 1984 for espousing these doctrines. Publishes a &quot;restored&quot; Bible called ''The Manuscript Version of the Bible,'' and ''The ASK Communicator.''<br/>
-Association for Christian Development, Kenneth Westby Auburn, WA: [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
+Association for Christian Development, Kenneth Westby Auburn, WA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
-Association for Past-Life Research and Therapies, Inc. Riverside, CA: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]] and [[#Astrology"|astrology]]<br/><br/>
+Association for Past-Life Research and Therapies, Inc. Riverside, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] and [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
-<div id="Research">'''Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.),'''<div> Edgar Cayce, Virginia Beach, VA: [[#Pantheism"|Pantheism]], [[#Trance"|trance]] [[#Medium"|medium]] (or [[#Channeling"|channeling]], life readings, [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Research">'''Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.),'''</div> Edgar Cayce, Virginia Beach, VA: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]], [[#Trance|trance]] [[#Medium|medium]] (or [[#Channeling|channeling]], life readings, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
-Association for the Understanding of Man, Austin, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Channeling"|channeling]], [[#Psychic"|psychic]] reading, [[#Altered"|altered states of consciousness]]<br/><br/>
+Association for the Understanding of Man, Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] reading, [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]<br/>
-Association of Unity Churches: The denominational structure affiliated with the [[#Unity"|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/><br/>
+Association of Unity Churches: The denominational structure affiliated with the [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
-Association Sananda &amp; Sanat Kumara, Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Channeling"|channeling ]] [[#ChristCon"|Christ-consciousness]] teachings. <br/><br/>
+Association Sananda &amp; Sanat Kumara, Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling ]] [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] teachings. <br/><br/>
-Astara, Robert &amp; Evelyn Chaney: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Spiritism"|spiritism]], [[#Yoga"|yoga]]Publishes ''Voice of Astara''<br/><br/>
+Astara, Robert &amp; Evelyn Chaney: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]]Publishes ''Voice of Astara''<br/>
-<div id="Astral">'''Astral Projection:'''<div> [[#New"|New Age]] [[#Occult"|occult]] doctrine teaching methods to induce an [[#OBE"|out of body experience]] (OBE), in which one's soul (i.e., astral body) departs the physical   body, travels to various parts of the universe, then re-enters the body.   Usually a &quot;cord&quot; is said to connect the soul and body at all times.   Also called astral travel. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Astral">'''Astral Projection:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occult]] doctrine teaching methods to induce an [[#OBE|out of body experience]] (OBE), in which one's soul (i.e., astral body) departs the physical   body, travels to various parts of the universe, then re-enters the body.   Usually a &quot;cord&quot; is said to connect the soul and body at all times.   Also called astral travel. <br/><br/>
-Astro Computing Services, San Diego, CA: [[#Astrology"|Astrology]]<br/><br/>
+Astro Computing Services, San Diego, CA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
-'''Astrology:'''<br/> An ancient fatalistic system of [[#Divination"|divination]] using the position of the planets, moon and sun in the twelve Zodiac   positions at the moment of one's birth to gain occult or hidden   knowledge of the future. ''[[#profiledivstropro.htm"|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+'''Astrology:''' An ancient fatalistic system of [[#Divination|divination]] using the position of the planets, moon and sun in the twelve Zodiac   positions at the moment of one's birth to gain occult or hidden   knowledge of the future. ''[[#profiledivstropro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
-'''Astrology and Psychic News,'''<br/> N. Hollywood, CA: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+'''Astrology and Psychic News,''' N. Hollywood, CA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Atheism">'''Atheism:'''<div> The assertion, to be taken on faith, that there is no God. Some   atheists, such as Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, have fought to prevent any   recognition of God in public life. See [[#AmAtheists"|American Atheists, Inc.]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Atheism">'''Atheism:'''</div> The assertion, to be taken on faith, that there is no God. Some   atheists, such as Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, have fought to prevent any   recognition of God in public life. See [[#AmAtheists|American Atheists, Inc.]]<br/>
-Atlantic Pagan Council: Association of East Coast pagan [[#Coven"|covens]], [[#Magic"|magic]], moon festivals, [[#Paganism"|paganism]]Publishes the ''Atlantic Pagan Council Amateur Publishers' Association'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Atlantic Pagan Council: Association of East Coast pagan [[#Coven|covens]], [[#Magic|magic]], moon festivals, [[#Paganism|paganism]]Publishes the ''Atlantic Pagan Council Amateur Publishers' Association'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Atlantis">'''Atlantis:'''<div> A mythical island/continent said to have sunk beneath the ocean.   Purported to have been a highly advanced civilization. New Agers often   claim to have recovered lost mystical wisdom and knowledge from   Atlantis, sometimes through [[#Channeling"|channeling]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Atlantis">'''Atlantis:'''</div> A mythical island/continent said to have sunk beneath the ocean.   Purported to have been a highly advanced civilization. New Agers often   claim to have recovered lost mystical wisdom and knowledge from   Atlantis, sometimes through [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
-Atman: A term used in [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]] referring to the eternal or real self and sometimes refering to the principle of life in all things. <br/><br/>
+Atman: A term used in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] referring to the eternal or real self and sometimes refering to the principle of life in all things. <br/><br/>
-<div id="At one ment">'''At-one-ment:'''<div> Term used by several [[#Mind"|Mind Science]] or [[#NewThought"|New Thought]] religions (such as [[#ChristScience"|Christian Science]]) referring to the supposed metaphysical unity or &quot;oneness&quot; of human beings and God as demonstrated by [[#Christ"|Christ]]  Contrast the Christian term &quot;atonement,&quot; which refers to Christ's death   on the cross as the means by which he reconciled sinful human beings to   God. <br/><br/>
+<div id="At one ment">'''At-one-ment:'''</div> Term used by several [[#Mind|Mind Science]] or [[#NewThought|New Thought]] religions (such as [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]) referring to the supposed metaphysical unity or &quot;oneness&quot; of human beings and God as demonstrated by [[#Christ|Christ]]  Contrast the Christian term &quot;atonement,&quot; which refers to Christ's death   on the cross as the means by which he reconciled sinful human beings to   God. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Aum">'''Aum Shinri Kyo,'''<div> Shoko Asahara, Tokyo, Japan: ''Aum'' (a mantra) ''Shinri Kyo'' (Supreme Truth) is the apocalyptic Buddhist sect suspected in the 1995   subway nerve gas murders in Japan. Police raiding cult compounds   discovered stockpiles of nerve gas and the basic ingredients of   biological warfare. Sect leaders have been charged with abduction and   &quot;murder preparation.&quot; Aum leader, Chizuo Matsumoto (now called Shoko   Asahara), predicted the end of the world between 1997 and 2000. The [[#Dalai"|Dalai Lama]], the leader of [[#Tibetan"|Tibetan Buddhism]],   has denied Aum claims that Asahara was ever his disciple. The sect has   about $29 million in assets and 10,000 disciples in Japan and 30,000 in   Russia. The sect has followers in other countries including the U.S. and   Australia. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was changing its   name to [[#Arefu"|Arefu]] ([[#Aleph"|Aleph]], in English). ''[[#profiledivumpro.htm"|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Aum">'''Aum Shinri Kyo,'''</div> Shoko Asahara, Tokyo, Japan: ''Aum'' (a mantra) ''Shinri Kyo'' (Supreme Truth) is the apocalyptic Buddhist sect suspected in the 1995   subway nerve gas murders in Japan. Police raiding cult compounds   discovered stockpiles of nerve gas and the basic ingredients of   biological warfare. Sect leaders have been charged with abduction and   &quot;murder preparation.&quot; Aum leader, Chizuo Matsumoto (now called Shoko   Asahara), predicted the end of the world between 1997 and 2000. The [[#Dalai|Dalai Lama]], the leader of [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]],   has denied Aum claims that Asahara was ever his disciple. The sect has   about $29 million in assets and 10,000 disciples in Japan and 30,000 in   Russia. The sect has followers in other countries including the U.S. and   Australia. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was changing its   name to [[#Arefu|Arefu]] ([[#Aleph|Aleph]], in English). ''[[#profiledivumpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
-Aum Supreme Truth: See [[#Aum"|Aum Shinri Kyo]]<br/><br/>
+Aum Supreme Truth: See [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]]<br/>
-<div id="Aura">'''Aura:'''<div> A subtle light or energy field said to surround people or objects.   Mystics explain that from the color of the aura, a person's emotional   and intellectual moods can be determined. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Aura">'''Aura:'''</div> A subtle light or energy field said to surround people or objects.   Mystics explain that from the color of the aura, a person's emotional   and intellectual moods can be determined. <br/><br/>
-Author Services, Inc.: Promotes [[#Scientology"|Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
+Author Services, Inc.: Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Automatic">'''Automatic Writing:'''<div> Inspired from the spirit world, the writer has no conscious muscular control of his hands or arms. Found in many [[#Occult"|occult]] and [[#New"|New Age]] groups. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Automatic">'''Automatic Writing:'''</div> Inspired from the spirit world, the writer has no conscious muscular control of his hands or arms. Found in many [[#Occult|occult]] and [[#New|New Age]] groups. <br/><br/>
-Avanta Network, Palo Alto, CA: [[#New"|New Age]], works by Virginia Satir promoted, positive and negative energies. <br/><br/>
+Avanta Network, Palo Alto, CA: [[#New|New Age]], works by Virginia Satir promoted, positive and negative energies. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Avatar">''Avatar:''<div> Hindu concept of an earthly manifestation of one of the gods in human or animal form, e.g., Krishna is an avatar of Vishnu. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Avatar">''Avatar:''</div> Hindu concept of an earthly manifestation of one of the gods in human or animal form, e.g., Krishna is an avatar of Vishnu. <br/><br/>
-Avatar, Flagstaff, AZ: [[#New"|New Age]] seminars similar to [[#Est"|est]] and [[#Lifespring"|Lifespring]], enables participant to have conscious shift of beliefs. <br/><br/>
+Avatar, Flagstaff, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] seminars similar to [[#Est|est]] and [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]], enables participant to have conscious shift of beliefs. <br/><br/>
-''Awake!'' Magazine published by the [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/><br/>
+''Awake!'' Magazine published by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
-Awareness Research Foundation, Inc., North Miami, FL: [[#Astrology"|Astrology]], [[#Atlantis"|Atlantis]], [[#UFO"|UFO]]<br/>s, [[#ESP"|ESP]] and Lord Sananda. <br/><br/>
+Awareness Research Foundation, Inc., North Miami, FL: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#ESP|ESP]] and Lord Sananda. <br/><br/>
-Ayurvedic Lifestyle Center, Pearl Miller, Reno, NV: Eastern [[#Mysticism"|mysticism]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], [[#Homeopathy"|homeopathy]]<br/><br/>
+Ayurvedic Lifestyle Center, Pearl Miller, Reno, NV: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]]<br/>
-<div id="Ayurvedic med">'''Ayurvedic Medicine'''<div>: Promoted by [[#Maharishi"|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] and [[#Chopra"|Deepak Chopra]]Teaches the balancing of vibrational centers for health through diet, exercise, herbs, and purification procedures. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Ayurvedic med">'''Ayurvedic Medicine'''</div>: Promoted by [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] and [[#Chopra|Deepak Chopra]]Teaches the balancing of vibrational centers for health through diet, exercise, herbs, and purification procedures. <br/><br/>
-<div id="B">B<div><br/><br/>
+<div id="B">'''B'''</div><br/><br/>
-Baba, Sai: Indian [[#Guru"|guru]], [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], [[#Kundalini"|Kundalini]] [[#Yoga"| yoga]]<br/>.
+Baba, Sai: Indian [[#Guru|guru]], [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]] [[#Yoga| yoga]].
-<div id="Bahai">'''Bahá'í Faith,'''<div> The, Bahá&lsquo;u'lláh: A sect of [[#Islam"|Islam]] evolving into a major independent religion with approximately five million believers worldwide. [[#Buddhism"|Buddha]], [[#Jesus"|Jesus]],   Muhammad, Bahá&lsquo;u'lláh and others are viewed as a succession of divine   messengers. A 19th century Persian teacher, the Báb, (or &quot;Gate&quot;)   predicted Bahá'u'lláh's coming. BahÃ¡'Ã advocates a new global order of   sexual equality, a one-world economic system to eliminate poverty, and a   one-world religion. ''[[#profile/bahaipro.htm"|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Bahai">'''Bahá'í Faith,'''</div> The, Bahá&lsquo;u'lláh: A sect of [[#Islam|Islam]] evolving into a major independent religion with approximately five million believers worldwide. [[#Buddhism|Buddha]], [[#Jesus|Jesus]],   Muhammad, Bahá&lsquo;u'lláh and others are viewed as a succession of divine   messengers. A 19th century Persian teacher, the Báb, (or &quot;Gate&quot;)   predicted Bahá'u'lláh's coming. BahÃ¡'Ã advocates a new global order of   sexual equality, a one-world economic system to eliminate poverty, and a   one-world religion. ''[[#profile/bahaipro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Bailey">'''Bailey, Alice:'''<div> Founder of the [[#Arcane"|Arcane School]]'' [[#profile/bailypro.htm"|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Bailey">'''Bailey, Alice:'''</div> Founder of the [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]'' [[#profile/bailypro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Baphomet">'''Baphomet:'''<div> The Goat God, also called the Sabbath Goat, the Great God Pan, Abraxas,   Thanateros, or the Horned God. Often used as a symbol of [[#Satan"|Satan]], especially in [[#Satanism"|Satanism]], and depicted as a [[#Goat"|Goat's Head]] symbol, an upside down five-pointed star (cf. [[#Pentagram"|pentagram]]), or a man with horns and goat-legs. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Baphomet">'''Baphomet:'''</div> The Goat God, also called the Sabbath Goat, the Great God Pan, Abraxas,   Thanateros, or the Horned God. Often used as a symbol of [[#Satan|Satan]], especially in [[#Satanism|Satanism]], and depicted as a [[#Goat|Goat's Head]] symbol, an upside down five-pointed star (cf. [[#Pentagram|pentagram]]), or a man with horns and goat-legs. <br/><br/>
-<div id="BaptDead">'''Baptism for the Dead:'''<div> Practice of [[#LDS"|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) whereby living members are baptized by proxy for people who have died without knowing the LDS [[#Gospel"|Gospel]]  If these dead persons then accept the LDS gospel while in Spirit   Prison, they can potentially attain full salvation or godhood   (exaltation). This ceremony is performed only in an LDS Temple. See [[#BaptReg"|Baptismal Regeneration]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="BaptDead">'''Baptism for the Dead:'''</div> Practice of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) whereby living members are baptized by proxy for people who have died without knowing the LDS [[#Gospel|Gospel]]  If these dead persons then accept the LDS gospel while in Spirit   Prison, they can potentially attain full salvation or godhood   (exaltation). This ceremony is performed only in an LDS Temple. See [[#BaptReg|Baptismal Regeneration]]<br/>
-<div id="BaptReg">'''Baptismal Regeneration:'''<div> The belief that regeneration (i.e., the new birth), and therefore   salvation or eternal life, is conditioned upon water baptism. Most   groups teaching this doctrine also add that proper mode (immersion or   sprinkling) and/or proper minister (one authorized by the organization)   is necessary. All Christians should be baptized (Matthew 28:19). The   teaching that baptism is a prerequisite for salvation, however, is   considered by many evangelicals to be a heretical compromise of the   biblical gospel of salvation by grace alone (Ephesians 2:8-10). The   extreme version of baptismal regeneration, which denies the salvation   even of baptized Christians outside some particular church group, is   clearly heretical. See [[#SavWorks"|Salvation by Works]], [[#SavGrace"|Salvation by Grace]], [[#Gospel"|Gospel]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="BaptReg">'''Baptismal Regeneration:'''</div> The belief that regeneration (i.e., the new birth), and therefore   salvation or eternal life, is conditioned upon water baptism. Most   groups teaching this doctrine also add that proper mode (immersion or   sprinkling) and/or proper minister (one authorized by the organization)   is necessary. All Christians should be baptized (Matthew 28:19). The   teaching that baptism is a prerequisite for salvation, however, is   considered by many evangelicals to be a heretical compromise of the   biblical gospel of salvation by grace alone (Ephesians 2:8-10). The   extreme version of baptismal regeneration, which denies the salvation   even of baptized Christians outside some particular church group, is   clearly heretical. See [[#SavWorks|Salvation by Works]], [[#SavGrace|Salvation by Grace]], [[#Gospel|Gospel]]<br/>
-Bear Tribe Medicine Society, Spokane, WA: [[#NatAm"|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, medicine wheel, moon ceremonies. <br/><br/>
+Bear Tribe Medicine Society, Spokane, WA: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, medicine wheel, moon ceremonies. <br/><br/>
-The Beatles: A highly influential rock-and-roll group from the 1960s. In 1966 they became involved in [[#TM"|Transcendental Meditation]]; later both John Lennon and George Harrison repudiated TM. Harrison then became a devotee of [[#ISKCON"|ISKCON ]]<br/>and recorded his hit single &quot;My Sweet Lord&quot; as a devotion to Lord [[#Krishna"|Krishna]]The Beatles are widely credited with increasing the popularity of Eastern religions in the United States. <br/><br/>
+The Beatles: A highly influential rock-and-roll group from the 1960s. In 1966 they became involved in [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]; later both John Lennon and George Harrison repudiated TM. Harrison then became a devotee of [[#ISKCON|ISKCON ]]and recorded his hit single &quot;My Sweet Lord&quot; as a devotion to Lord [[#Krishna|Krishna]]The Beatles are widely credited with increasing the popularity of Eastern religions in the United States. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Believers"|]]<br/>Believers International, Tucson, AZ: Compiling a compendium of all of [[#Branham"|William Branham]]<br/>'s teachings. Publishes Believer's News. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Believers">'''Believers International'''</div>, Tucson, AZ: Compiling a compendium of all of [[#Branham|William Branham]]'s teachings. Publishes Believer's News. <br/><br/>
-Bell, Art: Popular late-night radio talk show host. While his Coast to Coast   weeknight broadcast and Dreamland weekend broadcast focus on a wide   array of New Age and occult issues, as well as many conspiracy theories,   one of the most common subjects discussed by guests on the program is [[#UFO"|UFOs]]. <br/><br/>
+Bell, Art: Popular late-night radio talk show host. While his Coast to Coast   weeknight broadcast and Dreamland weekend broadcast focus on a wide   array of New Age and occult issues, as well as many conspiracy theories,   one of the most common subjects discussed by guests on the program is [[#UFO|UFOs]]. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Beltane">'''Beltane:'''<div> [[#Occult"|Occult]], [[#Celt"|Celtic]] holiday, also called Walpurgisnacht, celebrated on the night of April   30. Celts are alleged to have conducted fertility rituals and human   sacrifice. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Beltane">'''Beltane:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] holiday, also called Walpurgisnacht, celebrated on the night of April   30. Celts are alleged to have conducted fertility rituals and human   sacrifice. <br/><br/>
-Bermuda Triangle: Geographically, the Triangle composes   the southwestern quadrant of the North Atlantic, with apexes in Bermuda,   Puerto Rico, and in the Gulf of Mexico west of Florida. Some people   involved in the occult and [[#UFO"|UFO]] studies believe the Triangle is a supernaturally dangerous area, with   many ships and airplanes disappearing in the Triangle in the 20th   century. <br/><br/>
+Bermuda Triangle: Geographically, the Triangle composes   the southwestern quadrant of the North Atlantic, with apexes in Bermuda,   Puerto Rico, and in the Gulf of Mexico west of Florida. Some people   involved in the occult and [[#UFO|UFO]] studies believe the Triangle is a supernaturally dangerous area, with   many ships and airplanes disappearing in the Triangle in the 20th   century. <br/><br/>
-Bernard, David:<br/> A well-known [[#OnePent"|Oneness Pentecostal]]<br/> writer and speaker. <br/><br/>
+Bernard, David:<br/> A well-known [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] writer and speaker. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Besant">'''Besant, Annie:'''<div> Successor to Madame Blavatsky (founder of [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]) who proclaimed Krishnamurti as the Messiah. (Krishnamurti later renounced that role). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Besant">'''Besant, Annie:'''</div> Successor to Madame Blavatsky (founder of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]) who proclaimed Krishnamurti as the Messiah. (Krishnamurti later renounced that role). <br/><br/>
-Bet Hashem – The House of YHWH, New Haven, IN: [[#SacredName"|Sacred Name]], man is the offspring of light, conversion is the union with the light. <br/><br/>
+Bet Hashem – The House of YHWH, New Haven, IN: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]], man is the offspring of light, conversion is the union with the light. <br/><br/>
-Beth El Shaddai, Dick Amos, Plano, TX: [[#DualCov"|Dual Covenant]] doctrine, denies [[#Jesus"|Jesus]] is God. <br/><br/>
+Beth El Shaddai, Dick Amos, Plano, TX: [[#DualCov|Dual Covenant]] doctrine, denies [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is God. <br/><br/>
-Beth HaShem, Jacob Hawkins, Odessa, TX: [[#SacredName"|Sacred name]], [[#Sabbatarianism"|Sabbatarianism]], keeps Old Testament feasts and laws for salvation. Publishes ''<br/>The Prophetic Watchman'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Beth HaShem, Jacob Hawkins, Odessa, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]], [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], keeps Old Testament feasts and laws for salvation. Publishes ''The Prophetic Watchman'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Bhagavad">'''Bhagavad-Gita:'''<div> Meaning &quot;Song of the Lord,&quot; this scripture is used in [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]]<br/> and [[#ISKCON"|ISKCON]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Bhagavad">'''Bhagavad-Gita:'''</div> Meaning &quot;Song of the Lord,&quot; this scripture is used in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] and [[#ISKCON|ISKCON]]<br/>
-Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh: Though this Indian [[#Guru"|guru]] is deceased, many followers still practice his unique form of [[#Hinduism"|Hindu philosophy]] and sexual [[#Yoga"|yoga]] system to gain enlightenment. <br/><br/>
+Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh: Though this Indian [[#Guru|guru]] is deceased, many followers still practice his unique form of [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]] and sexual [[#Yoga|yoga]] system to gain enlightenment. <br/><br/>
-Bhakti Yoga: Type of [[#Yoga"|yoga]] or spiritual exercise involving devotion to a [[#Guru"|guru]]<br/><br/>
+Bhakti Yoga: Type of [[#Yoga|yoga]] or spiritual exercise involving devotion to a [[#Guru|guru]]<br/>
-<div id="Bible"|]]<br/>Bible:<br/> Considered scripture by [[#Christianity"|Christianity]] Consists of the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian scriptures (New Testament). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Bible">'''Bible:'''</div> Considered scripture by [[#Christianity|Christianity]] Consists of the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian scriptures (New Testament). <br/><br/>
-Bible Believers, Inc.: See [[#Branham"|Branham, William]]<br/><br/>
+Bible Believers, Inc.: See [[#Branham|Branham, William]]<br/>
-''Bible Code,'' Michael Drosnin: Bestselling 1997 book   teaches that prophecies are hidden in a complex network of letters and   words within the Old Testament. Drosnin claims that he attempted to warn   Israeli leader Yitzak Rabin of his impending assassination based on a   prediction in the biblical code. The theory is a form of [[#numerology"|numerology]] and has some associations with the Jewish occultism of the [[#Kabbalah"|Kabbalah]]<br/><br/>
+''Bible Code,'' Michael Drosnin: Bestselling 1997 book   teaches that prophecies are hidden in a complex network of letters and   words within the Old Testament. Drosnin claims that he attempted to warn   Israeli leader Yitzak Rabin of his impending assassination based on a   prediction in the biblical code. The theory is a form of [[#numerology|numerology]] and has some associations with the Jewish occultism of the [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/>
-Bible Speaks, The: Former name of [[#Greater"|Greater Grace World Outreach]]<br/><br/>
+Bible Speaks, The: Former name of [[#Greater|Greater Grace World Outreach]]<br/>
-<div id="BibleStu">'''Bible Students:'''<div> Various semiautonomous groups that broke away from the [[#Watchtower"|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] after Joseph Rutherford took control of the organization. Reprints the   early writings of Watchtower founder Charles Taze Russell including   Divine Plan of the Ages. Groups across the country go under various   names (e.g., Fort Worth Bible Students, Chicago Bible Students, etc.). <br/><br/>
+<div id="BibleStu">'''Bible Students:'''</div> Various semiautonomous groups that broke away from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] after Joseph Rutherford took control of the organization. Reprints the   early writings of Watchtower founder Charles Taze Russell including   Divine Plan of the Ages. Groups across the country go under various   names (e.g., Fort Worth Bible Students, Chicago Bible Students, etc.). <br/><br/>
-Bible Talks: Home and campus group studies sponsored by the [[#ICOC"|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
+Bible Talks: Home and campus group studies sponsored by the [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
-Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ:<br/> [[#OnePent"|Oneness Pentecostalism]]<br/> denomination. <br/><br/>
+Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ:<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]] denomination. <br/><br/>
-Bible Way Publications,<br/> Ft. Lauderdale, FL: [[#BibleStu"|Bible Students]] group. <br/><br/>
+Bible Way Publications,<br/> Ft. Lauderdale, FL: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group. <br/><br/>
-Biblical Church of God,<br/> Santa Cruz, CA: [[#Armstrongism"|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
+Biblical Church of God,<br/> Santa Cruz, CA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
-Biblical Research Centers: Regional centers for [[#Way"|The Way International]]<br/><br/>
+Biblical Research Centers: Regional centers for [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
-Bind: See [[#Spell"|Spell]]<br/><br/>
+Bind: See [[#Spell|Spell]]<br/>
-Bioenergy: [[#New"|New Age]]<br/> practice of healing. Balances the life-energy by opening blocked meridians (see [[#Acupuncture"|acupuncture]]<br/>). <br/><br/>
+Bioenergy: [[#New|New Age]] practice of healing. Balances the life-energy by opening blocked meridians (see [[#Acupuncture|acupuncture]]). <br/><br/>
-BioEnergetic Synchronization Techniques: [[#New"|New Age]] method using the body's life force to heal itself. <br/><br/>
+BioEnergetic Synchronization Techniques: [[#New|New Age]] method using the body's life force to heal itself. <br/><br/>
-Biofeedback: The use of EEG (electroencephalographic) feeback instruments to monitor   brain waves and skin resistance with the goal of modification of brain   waves. Participants can learn to control heart rates or generate brain   wave activity (alpha, beta, and delta) at will to induce [[#Altered"|altered states of consciousness]]Enhances the capacity for relaxation and/or inducing meditative states and physiological control similar to that in [[#yoga"|yoga]] and [[#Zen"|Zen]]<br/><br/>
+Biofeedback: The use of EEG (electroencephalographic) feeback instruments to monitor   brain waves and skin resistance with the goal of modification of brain   waves. Participants can learn to control heart rates or generate brain   wave activity (alpha, beta, and delta) at will to induce [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]Enhances the capacity for relaxation and/or inducing meditative states and physiological control similar to that in [[#yoga|yoga]] and [[#Zen|Zen]]<br/>
-Biointegration, Ross Algelo, Dallas, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], body alignment, [[#Yoga"|yoga]], [[#Reflexology"|reflexology]], [[#Rebirthing"|rebirthing]]<br/><br/>
+Biointegration, Ross Algelo, Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], body alignment, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
-Bio-Magnetics: [[#New"|New Age]], the realigning of magnetic fields allegedly surrounding the body. <br/><br/>
+Bio-Magnetics: [[#New|New Age]], the realigning of magnetic fields allegedly surrounding the body. <br/><br/>
-BioPsciences Institute, Minneapolis, MN: [[#Astrology"|Astrology]]<br/><br/>
+BioPsciences Institute, Minneapolis, MN: [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
-Black Mass: A ritual in [[#Satanism"|Satanism]] that attempts to negate or profane the Catholic Mass. Black candles are   used and Catholic prayers recited backwards. Allegedly, the communion   is occasionally performed using human blood and flesh. <br/><br/>
+Black Mass: A ritual in [[#Satanism|Satanism]] that attempts to negate or profane the Catholic Mass. Black candles are   used and Catholic prayers recited backwards. Allegedly, the communion   is occasionally performed using human blood and flesh. <br/><br/>
-Black Muslim: Generic term referring to [[#NatIslam"|Nation of Islam]]<br/> and related groups. <br/><br/>
+Black Muslim: Generic term referring to [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]] and related groups. <br/><br/>
-Black Christian Nationalist Movement: See [[#PanAfrican"|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/><br/>
+Black Christian Nationalist Movement: See [[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/>
-Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna:<br/> Founder of [[#Theosophy"|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
+Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna:<br/> Founder of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
-Blessed Be: A common greeting used among [[#Wicca"|Wiccans]] to invoke or wish happiness and well-being. <br/><br/>
+Blessed Be: A common greeting used among [[#Wicca|Wiccans]] to invoke or wish happiness and well-being. <br/><br/>
-<div id="BloodAtone">'''Blood Atonement Doctrine:'''<div> The belief, taught by the second Mormon Prophet, Brigham Young, that   for certain sins the blood of Christ will not atone and for which the   sinner's own blood must be shed to receive forgiveness (''<br/>Journal of Discourses,'' Vol. 4, p. 53). No longer taught by [[#LDS"|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], the belief is often preached and sometimes practiced by members of [[#MorFund"|Mormon Fundamentalist]]<br/> splinter groups. To this day, Utah allows condemned murders to face   execution by firing squad rather than methods that do not shed the   criminal's blood, such as lethal injection or the electric chair. <br/><br/>
+<div id="BloodAtone">'''Blood Atonement Doctrine:'''</div> The belief, taught by the second Mormon Prophet, Brigham Young, that   for certain sins the blood of Christ will not atone and for which the   sinner's own blood must be shed to receive forgiveness (''Journal of Discourses,'' Vol. 4, p. 53). No longer taught by [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], the belief is often preached and sometimes practiced by members of [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter groups. To this day, Utah allows condemned murders to face   execution by firing squad rather than methods that do not shed the   criminal's blood, such as lethal injection or the electric chair. <br/><br/>
-''Blue Lotus,'' Wilmot, WI: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Blue Lotus,'' Wilmot, WI: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, Eknath Easwaran, Petaluma, CA: [[#Hinduism"|Hindu philosophy]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], uses the ''[[#Bhagavad"|Bhagavad-Gita]]''<br/><br/>
+Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, Eknath Easwaran, Petaluma, CA: [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], uses the ''[[#Bhagavad|Bhagavad-Gita]]''<br/>
-Blue Rose Ministry, Robert Short, Joshua Tree, CA: [[#UFO"|UFOs]], messages from the &quot;space brothers,&quot; [[#Channeling"|channeling]]Publishes the ''Solar Space-Letter''<br/><br/>
+Blue Rose Ministry, Robert Short, Joshua Tree, CA: [[#UFO|UFOs]], messages from the &quot;space brothers,&quot; [[#Channeling|channeling]]Publishes the ''Solar Space-Letter''<br/>
-Blue Star, Mary Thunder, West Point, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Sweat"|sweat lodge]], [[#Channeling"|channeling]], Spiritual University. <br/><br/>
+Blue Star, Mary Thunder, West Point, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], Spiritual University. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Bnai">'''B'nai Noah:'''<div> [[#DualCov"|Dual covenant doctrine]], teaches [[#Jesus"|Jesus]] is not the Savior of the Jews, Gentiles are to keep the Seven Laws of   Noah and study the Torah (or Old Testament) with Jewish Rabbis. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Bnai">'''B'nai Noah:'''</div> [[#DualCov|Dual covenant doctrine]], teaches [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is not the Savior of the Jews, Gentiles are to keep the Seven Laws of   Noah and study the Torah (or Old Testament) with Jewish Rabbis. <br/><br/>
-''Body, Mind and Soul:'' Houston, TX: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Body, Mind and Soul:'' Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-''Body, Mind and Spirit:'' Providence, RI: [[#New"|New Age]] magazine. <br/><br/>
+''Body, Mind and Spirit:'' Providence, RI: [[#New|New Age]] magazine. <br/><br/>
-Book of Changes:<br/> See [[#IChing"|I Ching]]<br/><br/>
+Book of Changes:<br/> See [[#IChing|I Ching]]<br/>
-<div id="BoM">'''Book of Mormon:'''<div> One of the scriptures or &quot;Standard Works&quot; accepted by [[#LDS"|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and other sects originating from Joseph Smith, including the [[#RLDS"|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] and various [[#MorFund"|Mormon Fundamentalist]] groups. <br/><br/>
+<div id="BoM">'''Book of Mormon:'''</div> One of the scriptures or &quot;Standard Works&quot; accepted by [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and other sects originating from Joseph Smith, including the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] and various [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] groups. <br/><br/>
 Book of Shadows: A journal for recording occult activities. <br/><br/>
-Bookmark, Santa Clarita, CA: [[#ChristScience"|Christian Science]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
+Bookmark, Santa Clarita, CA: [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
-Borderland Science Research Foundation<br/> Garberville, CA: [[#Alchemy"|Alchemy]], [[#Dowsing"|dowsing]], [[#UFO"|UFOs]], [[#Astrology"|astrology]]<br/><br/>
+Borderland Science Research Foundation<br/> Garberville, CA: [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
-<div id="Born">'''Born Again:'''<div> Biblical term used to describe regeneration (John 3:3-7). Some New Age followers teach that the term was Christ's reference to [[#Reincarnation"|reincarnation]] or [[#Rebirthing"|rebirthing]]  In context, Jesus was speaking of a spiritual event effected by God   through the Holy Spirit (see verses 6-8) to restore a sinful, fallen   human to right relationship with Him (see verses 16-21). See [[#Gospel"|Gospel]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Born">'''Born Again:'''</div> Biblical term used to describe regeneration (John 3:3-7). Some New Age followers teach that the term was Christ's reference to [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] or [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]  In context, Jesus was speaking of a spiritual event effected by God   through the Holy Spirit (see verses 6-8) to restore a sinful, fallen   human to right relationship with Him (see verses 16-21). See [[#Gospel|Gospel]]<br/>
-Boston Church of Christ: <br/>See [[#ICOC"|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
+Boston Church of Christ: <br/>See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
-<div id="Bradshaw">'''Bradshaw, John:'''<div> Prominent [[#New"|New Age]] teacher on PBS and author of ''Healing the Inner Child.''<br/><br/>
+<div id="Bradshaw">'''Bradshaw, John:'''</div> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] teacher on PBS and author of ''Healing the Inner Child.''<br/>
-<div id="Brahma">'''Brahma:'''<div> The creator and first member of the triad of demigods in [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]], including Shiva and Vishnu. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Brahma">'''Brahma:'''</div> The creator and first member of the triad of demigods in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], including Shiva and Vishnu. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Brainwashing">'''Brainwashing:'''<div> Forced indoctrination using various techniques to cause a subject to   abandon basic political, social, or religious ideas or beliefs and   replace those ideals with a contrasting belief system. A translation of a   Chinese word ''xinao,'' &quot;brainwashing&quot; became a popular term to   describe the phenomena of radical change in behavior and core beliefs   that took place in some prisoners of war held in Chinese camps in the   mid-twentieth century. In a more general sense, the word is sometimes   used to describe any form of persuasion perceived to be unethical that   results in a radical and negative change in personality. See [[#Lifton"|Lifton, Robert]], [[#MindControl"|Mind Control]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Brainwashing">'''Brainwashing:'''</div> Forced indoctrination using various techniques to cause a subject to   abandon basic political, social, or religious ideas or beliefs and   replace those ideals with a contrasting belief system. A translation of a   Chinese word ''xinao,'' &quot;brainwashing&quot; became a popular term to   describe the phenomena of radical change in behavior and core beliefs   that took place in some prisoners of war held in Chinese camps in the   mid-twentieth century. In a more general sense, the word is sometimes   used to describe any form of persuasion perceived to be unethical that   results in a radical and negative change in personality. See [[#Lifton|Lifton, Robert]], [[#MindControl|Mind Control]]<br/>
-<div id="Davidians">'''Branch Davidians,'''<div> Benjamin Roden: Splinter group of the [[#SDA"|Seventh Day Adventist Church]]  David Koresh (A.K.A. Vernon Howell) was leader from 1984 to 1993. He   and many of his most devout followers were killed when their   headquarters near Waco, TX, was destroyed by fire in 1993 during a   government raid. Taught knowledge of the Seven Seals of the Book of   Revelation brought salvation. Many followers still believe Koresh's   messianic claims and expect him to be resurrected soon. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Davidians">'''Branch Davidians,'''</div> Benjamin Roden: Splinter group of the [[#SDA|Seventh Day Adventist Church]]  David Koresh (A.K.A. Vernon Howell) was leader from 1984 to 1993. He   and many of his most devout followers were killed when their   headquarters near Waco, TX, was destroyed by fire in 1993 during a   government raid. Taught knowledge of the Seven Seals of the Book of   Revelation brought salvation. Many followers still believe Koresh's   messianic claims and expect him to be resurrected soon. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Branham">'''Branham, William'''<div> (1909-1965): [[#OnePent"|Oneness Pentecostal]]<br/> preacher who claimed he received healing and prophetic powers from an angel. Denied the [[#Trinity"|Trinity]], taught the [[#Serpent"|serpent seed]]<br/> doctrine, and rejected other Pentecostal and traditional Christian   churches. &quot;Branhamism&quot; is still taught at the Branham Tabernacle in   Jeffersonville, IN, and in many other places around the world. [[#profile/branpro.|Profile]] available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Branham">'''Branham, William'''</div> (1909-1965): [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] preacher who claimed he received healing and prophetic powers from an angel. Denied the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], taught the [[#Serpent|serpent seed]] doctrine, and rejected other Pentecostal and traditional Christian   churches. &quot;Branhamism&quot; is still taught at the Branham Tabernacle in   Jeffersonville, IN, and in many other places around the world. [[#profile/branpro.|Profile]] available. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Brethren">'''Brethren,'''<div> Jim Roberts: Also known   as &quot;the Garbage Eaters,&quot; the group follows the teachings of &quot;Brother   Evangelist&quot; Roberts. The group requires renouncing both family and   worldly possessions in order to earn salvation (see [[#SavWorks"|Salvation by works]].   Members travel nomadically, earning their nickname because of their   practice of eating discarded food. Family members note that Roberts   hides relatives, moving the individuals to avoid familial contact. ''Note:'' This group is ''not'' affiliated with the Church of the Brethren, an Anabaptist denomination. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Brethren">'''Brethren,'''</div> Jim Roberts: Also known   as &quot;the Garbage Eaters,&quot; the group follows the teachings of &quot;Brother   Evangelist&quot; Roberts. The group requires renouncing both family and   worldly possessions in order to earn salvation (see [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]].   Members travel nomadically, earning their nickname because of their   practice of eating discarded food. Family members note that Roberts   hides relatives, moving the individuals to avoid familial contact. ''Note:'' This group is ''not'' affiliated with the Church of the Brethren, an Anabaptist denomination. <br/><br/>
-Brinkley, Dannion: As chronicled in his bestseller ''Saved by the Light,'' Brinkley allegedly underwent a [[#NDE"|near-death experience]] after being struck by lightning. He teaches people to perform &quot;life   reviews&quot; to enhance their perception of life and death and to find their   life missions. He operates a hospice organization called Compassion in   Action / The Twilight Brigade. <br/><br/>
+Brinkley, Dannion: As chronicled in his bestseller ''Saved by the Light,'' Brinkley allegedly underwent a [[#NDE|near-death experience]] after being struck by lightning. He teaches people to perform &quot;life   reviews&quot; to enhance their perception of life and death and to find their   life missions. He operates a hospice organization called Compassion in   Action / The Twilight Brigade. <br/><br/>
-<div id="British">'''British Israelism:'''<div> (Anglo-Israelism/Israelitism) The doctrine that the true identity of   modern Israel (or the &quot;ten lost tribes&quot;) is Britian and (sometimes) the   British colonies (America). The monarchs of England sit on the throne of   David. In more extreme forms, Israel is identified with a particular   race—usually white Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Scandinavian people.   Opposing versions of doctrine teach that Blacks are God's Chosen People,   Israel. See [[#ChristianID"|Christian Identity Movement]], [[#Serpent"|Serpent seed doctrine]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="British">'''British Israelism:'''</div> (Anglo-Israelism/Israelitism) The doctrine that the true identity of   modern Israel (or the &quot;ten lost tribes&quot;) is Britian and (sometimes) the   British colonies (America). The monarchs of England sit on the throne of   David. In more extreme forms, Israel is identified with a particular   race—usually white Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Scandinavian people.   Opposing versions of doctrine teach that Blacks are God's Chosen People,   Israel. See [[#ChristianID|Christian Identity Movement]], [[#Serpent|Serpent seed doctrine]]<br/>
-Brotherhood and Order of the Pleroma, Richard Duc de Palatine, Sherman Oaks, CA: [[#New"|New Age]] revival of [[#Gnosticism"|Gnosticism]], God and man are the same being. <br/><br/>
+Brotherhood and Order of the Pleroma, Richard Duc de Palatine, Sherman Oaks, CA: [[#New|New Age]] revival of [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], God and man are the same being. <br/><br/>
-Brotherhood of Eternal Truth, New Albany, IN: [[#Spiritualism"|Spiritualism]], [[#Astrology"|astrology]], [[#Atlantis"|Atlantis, [[#Channeling"|channeling]], [[#Magic"|magic]], [[#PastLifeReg"|past life regression]]Also known as Center of Light and Life. <br/><br/>
+Brotherhood of Eternal Truth, New Albany, IN: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]]Also known as Center of Light and Life. <br/><br/>
-Brotherhood of Seth, Ellsworth, ME: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], homosexual or homophilic [[#Magic"|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley"|Aleister Crowley]]<br/><br/>
+Brotherhood of Seth, Ellsworth, ME: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], homosexual or homophilic [[#Magic|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/>
-Brotherhood of the Followers of the Present Jesus, Ann and Peter Meyer, San Diego, CA: [[#Alchemy"|Alchemy]], [[#ChristCon"|Christ-consciousness]] in each person, [[#Channeling"|channeling]] and [[#Clairvoyance"|clairvoyance]]<br/><br/>
+Brotherhood of the Followers of the Present Jesus, Ann and Peter Meyer, San Diego, CA: [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] in each person, [[#Channeling|channeling]] and [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]<br/>
-Brotherhood of the White Temple, Inc., M. Doreal, Castle Rock, CO: [[#New"|New Age]]/[[#Occult"|occult]] metaphysical teachings, soul illumination, three planes of existence. <br/><br/>
+Brotherhood of the White Temple, Inc., M. Doreal, Castle Rock, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|occult]] metaphysical teachings, soul illumination, three planes of existence. <br/><br/>
-The Bruderhof Community: A communal society started in Germany in the 1920s and based on the   sixteenth-century Moravian Anabaptist sect of Jacob Hutter, which was   part of the Radical Reformation. The group is also called the Society of   Brothers and the Hutterian Brethren. The basic theology of the group is [[#Protestantism"|Protestant]] but, according to former members and other critics, the group exercises inappropriate control over the members and practices [[#Shunning"|shunning]] and other forms of [[#SpiritualAbuse"|spiritual abuse]]<br/><br/>
+The Bruderhof Community: A communal society started in Germany in the 1920s and based on the   sixteenth-century Moravian Anabaptist sect of Jacob Hutter, which was   part of the Radical Reformation. The group is also called the Society of   Brothers and the Hutterian Brethren. The basic theology of the group is [[#Protestantism|Protestant]] but, according to former members and other critics, the group exercises inappropriate control over the members and practices [[#Shunning|shunning]] and other forms of [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]]<br/>
-<div id="Buddha">'''Buddha:'''<div> Siddhartha Gautama Buddha   (&quot;enlightened one&quot;) was born about 560 BC in northeastern India and,   according to legend, received spiritual enlightenment through [[#Meditation"|meditation]]During his lifetime, his spiritual insights and teachings became a major alternative to [[#Hinduism"|Hinduism]] throughout India. Diverse versions of his teachings can be found worldwide today. See [[#Buddhism"|Buddhism]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Buddha">'''Buddha:'''</div> Siddhartha Gautama Buddha   (&quot;enlightened one&quot;) was born about 560 BC in northeastern India and,   according to legend, received spiritual enlightenment through [[#Meditation|meditation]]During his lifetime, his spiritual insights and teachings became a major alternative to [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] throughout India. Diverse versions of his teachings can be found worldwide today. See [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
-Buddha's Universal Church, San Francisco, CA: Similar to [[#Buddhism"|Buddhism]] in theology. <br/><br/>
+Buddha's Universal Church, San Francisco, CA: Similar to [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] in theology. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Buddhism">'''Buddhism:'''<div> World religion based on the spiritual teachings of Siddhartha Gautama [[#Buddha"|Buddha]]  There are a number of versions or sects of Buddhism generally teaching   paths to Nirvana (enlightenment or bliss) though the four noble truths   (recognizing existence and source of suffering) and the eightfold path   (correct understanding, behavior and [[#Meditation"|meditation]].   Some variations of Buddhism include traditional Theravada schools of   India, Mahayana Buddhism, which became very popular in China and Japan,   and [[#Tibetan"|Tibetan Buddhism]] (Lamaism) in Tibet. Two more recent forms that have had great influence in America are [[#Zen"|Zen]] and [[#Nichiren"|Nichiren Shoshu]] Buddhism. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Buddhism">'''Buddhism:'''</div> World religion based on the spiritual teachings of Siddhartha Gautama [[#Buddha|Buddha]]  There are a number of versions or sects of Buddhism generally teaching   paths to Nirvana (enlightenment or bliss) though the four noble truths   (recognizing existence and source of suffering) and the eightfold path   (correct understanding, behavior and [[#Meditation|meditation]].   Some variations of Buddhism include traditional Theravada schools of   India, Mahayana Buddhism, which became very popular in China and Japan,   and [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]] (Lamaism) in Tibet. Two more recent forms that have had great influence in America are [[#Zen|Zen]] and [[#Nichiren|Nichiren Shoshu]] Buddhism. <br/><br/>
-Builders, Norman Paulsen, Oasis, NV: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#ChristCon"|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], Father-Mother God, enlightenment. <br/><br/>
+Builders, Norman Paulsen, Oasis, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], Father-Mother God, enlightenment. <br/><br/>
-Builders of the Adytum, Paul Foster Case, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Occult"|Occult]], [[#Kabbalah"|Kabbalah]], [[#Tarot"|Tarot]], spiritual [[#Alchemy"|alchemy]], [[#Esoteric"|esoteric[[#Astrology"|astrology]]<br/><br/>
+Builders of the Adytum, Paul Foster Case, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]], spiritual [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric[[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
-Burning Man Festival, Black Rock Desert, NV: An annual festival celebrating [[#Neopagan"|neo-paganism]] and [[#Satanism"|Satanism]]  The name comes from the culmination of the festival, in which a wooden   man with outstretched arms (resembling a crucifix) is burned by the   crowd. <br/><br/>
+Burning Man Festival, Black Rock Desert, NV: An annual festival celebrating [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]] and [[#Satanism|Satanism]]  The name comes from the culmination of the festival, in which a wooden   man with outstretched arms (resembling a crucifix) is burned by the   crowd. <br/><br/>
-''Buzzworm''<br/>:<br/> [[#New"|New Age]] /environmental periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Buzzworm'':<br/> [[#New|New Age]] /environmental periodical. <br/><br/>
-<div id="C">'''C'''<div><br/>
+<div id="C">'''C'''</div>
-C.O.B.U.: See [[#BibleUnder"|Church of Bible Understanding]]<br/>.
+C.O.B.U.: See [[#BibleUnder|Church of Bible Understanding]].
-Cabalah: See [[#Kabbalah"|Kabbalah.]]<br/><br/>
+Cabalah: See [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah.]]<br/>
-Caelum Moor, Arlington, TX: Private park (now closed)   containing menhirs (large upright stones) similar to those found at   Stonehenge. Newspaper reports claim trespassers have used the site for   pagan ceremonies. See [[#Stonehenge"|Stonehenge]]<br/><br/>
+Caelum Moor, Arlington, TX: Private park (now closed)   containing menhirs (large upright stones) similar to those found at   Stonehenge. Newspaper reports claim trespassers have used the site for   pagan ceremonies. See [[#Stonehenge|Stonehenge]]<br/>
-<div id="Campbell">'''Campbell, Joseph:'''<div> Best known for his book and PBS series with [[#Moyers"|Bill Moyers]], ''The Power of Myth,'' which teaches all religions are based on common mythological themes, best interpreted through a [[#New"|New Age]] world view. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Campbell">'''Campbell, Joseph:'''</div> Best known for his book and PBS series with [[#Moyers|Bill Moyers]], ''The Power of Myth,'' which teaches all religions are based on common mythological themes, best interpreted through a [[#New|New Age]] world view. <br/><br/>
-CAN: <br/>See [[#CAN"|Cult Awareness Network]]<br/><br/>
+CAN: <br/>See [[#CAN|Cult Awareness Network]]<br/>
-Canfield, Jack: [[#New"|New Age]] education author, editor of popular ''Chicken Soup'' books. Very influential in the public school arena. <br/><br/>
+Canfield, Jack: [[#New|New Age]] education author, editor of popular ''Chicken Soup'' books. Very influential in the public school arena. <br/><br/>
-Cantillation Research Foundation,< John Diamond, Valley Cottage, NY: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Pantheism"|pantheism]], All is God, All is Mother. <br/><br/>
+Cantillation Research Foundation,< John Diamond, Valley Cottage, NY: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], All is God, All is Mother. <br/><br/>
-CARP:<br/> See [[#CARP"|Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles]]<br/><br/>
+CARP:<br/> See [[#CARP|Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles]]<br/>
-Castaneda, Carlos:<br/> [[#New"|New Age]] author of ''The Teachings of Don Juan'' series. He helped popularize [[#NatAm"|Native American[[#Shamanism"|shamanism]], the hallucinogenic [[#Peyote"|peyote]], and [[#New"|New Age]] [[#Occult"|occultism]]<br/><br/>
+Castaneda, Carlos:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author of ''The Teachings of Don Juan'' series. He helped popularize [[#NatAm|Native American[[#Shamanism|shamanism]], the hallucinogenic [[#Peyote|peyote]], and [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occultism]]<br/>
-Castle Rising,<br/> Denver, CO: [[#Paganism"|Paganism]], [[#Magic"|magic]], [[#Psychic"|psychic]] impressions, moon festivals, [[#Crystal"|crystals]] Publishes the ''Castle Rising'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Castle Rising,<br/> Denver, CO: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] impressions, moon festivals, [[#Crystal|crystals]] Publishes the ''Castle Rising'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-Catholicism:<br/> See [[#Roman"|Roman Catholicism]]<br/><br/>
+Catholicism:<br/> See [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]]<br/>
-CAUSA:<br/> Organization affiliated with the [[#Unification"|Unification Church]]<br/><br/>
+CAUSA:<br/> Organization affiliated with the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
-<div id="Cayce">'''Cayce, Edgar:'''<div> See [[#Research"|Association For Research and Enlightenment]]<br/><br/>
+<div id="Cayce">'''Cayce, Edgar:'''</div> See [[#Research|Association For Research and Enlightenment]]<br/>
-<div id="Celestine">'''Celestine Prophecy, The:'''<div> A best-selling [[#New"|New Age]]<br/> book by [[#Redfield"|James Redfield]] that teaches enlightenment through the fictional &quot;Nine Insights&quot;   contained in secret manuscripts written by Maya natives in the jungles   of Peru. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Celestine">'''Celestine Prophecy, The:'''</div> A best-selling [[#New|New Age]] book by [[#Redfield|James Redfield]] that teaches enlightenment through the fictional &quot;Nine Insights&quot;   contained in secret manuscripts written by Maya natives in the jungles   of Peru. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Celt">'''Celticism, Celts:'''<div> The Celts were a group of related tribes whose territory extended throughout Europe early in the first millennium  AD,   but who are most commonly associated with the British Isles. The Celts   worshipped local deities (frequently associated with nature), often   served by a priestly class of [[#Druid"|Druids]]Human sacrifice was important to Druidic religion. Modern [[#Neopagan"|neo-pagans]]<br/> frequently claims to be Celtic, although the modern beliefs and practices bear little resemblance to ancient Celticism. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Celt">'''Celticism, Celts:'''</div> The Celts were a group of related tribes whose territory extended throughout Europe early in the first millennium  AD,   but who are most commonly associated with the British Isles. The Celts   worshipped local deities (frequently associated with nature), often   served by a priestly class of [[#Druid|Druids]]Human sacrifice was important to Druidic religion. Modern [[#Neopagan|neo-pagans]] frequently claims to be Celtic, although the modern beliefs and practices bear little resemblance to ancient Celticism. <br/><br/>
-Celtic Christianity:<br/> Augustine of Canterbury evangelized England in the late 6th ? early 7th   centuries. His work was later taken by Patrick to Ireland, who is   largely credited with establishing the Celtic church. Celtic   Christianity was heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church, to   which it was allied, although many individuals claim a greater reverence   for nature in the Celtic tradition. Differences in practice within the   Celtic church were gradually eradicated during the Middle Ages as the   Roman papacy asserted its authority over Ireland. Modern groups that   claim to revive Celtic Christianity are frequently a mixture of [[#Protestantism"|Protestantism]] and [[#Roman"|Roman Catholicism]], with few legitimate ties to the early Celtic church. Nonetheless, these groups should not be confused with [[#Neopagan"|neo-pagan]] groups that also claim to be Celtic. <br/><br/>
+Celtic Christianity:<br/> Augustine of Canterbury evangelized England in the late 6th ? early 7th   centuries. His work was later taken by Patrick to Ireland, who is   largely credited with establishing the Celtic church. Celtic   Christianity was heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church, to   which it was allied, although many individuals claim a greater reverence   for nature in the Celtic tradition. Differences in practice within the   Celtic church were gradually eradicated during the Middle Ages as the   Roman papacy asserted its authority over Ireland. Modern groups that   claim to revive Celtic Christianity are frequently a mixture of [[#Protestantism|Protestantism]] and [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]], with few legitimate ties to the early Celtic church. Nonetheless, these groups should not be confused with [[#Neopagan|neo-pagan]] groups that also claim to be Celtic. <br/><br/>
-Center for Action and Contemplation, Albuquerque, NM: [[#Yoga"|Yoga]], [[#Enneagram"|Enneagram]] workshops. <br/><br/>
+Center for Action and Contemplation, Albuquerque, NM: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Enneagram|Enneagram]] workshops. <br/><br/>
-Center for Advanced Communication and Training, Carrollton, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Hypnosis"|hypnosis]], [[#NLP"|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/><br/>
+Center for Advanced Communication and Training, Carrollton, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/>
-Center for Alternate Realities,<br/> Durango, CO: [[#Metaphysics"|Metaphysics]], [[#Crystal"|crystals]], [[#Shamanism"|shamanism]], [[#Rune"|runes]], [[#Tarot"|Tarot Cards]], guided [[#Meditation"|meditation]], [[#Palm"|palm reading]]<br/><br/>
+Center for Alternate Realities,<br/> Durango, CO: [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysics]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Tarot|Tarot Cards]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Palm|palm reading]]<br/>
-Center for Personal and Planetary Empowerment,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#Meditation"|meditation]], [[#Alchemy"|alchemy]]<br/><br/>
+Center for Personal and Planetary Empowerment,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]]<br/>
-Center For Spiritual Awareness,<br/> Roy Eugene Davis, Lakemont, GA: [[#New"|New Age]], enlightenment, man's higher self, cosmic-consciousness. <br/><br/>
+Center For Spiritual Awareness,<br/> Roy Eugene Davis, Lakemont, GA: [[#New|New Age]], enlightenment, man's higher self, cosmic-consciousness. <br/><br/>
 Center for Studies on New Religions,<br/> Massimo Introvigne, Torino, Italy: Introvigne studies new and   alternative religious groups. He and his work, which is frequently   supportive of new religions, are often used by alternative religious   groups to support their activities when pursuing governmental   recognition. <br/><br/>
-Center for Wisdom Spirituality,<br/> Paradise, PA: [[#Universalism"|Universalism]]Publishes the ''<br/>Interconnections''<br/> newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Center for Wisdom Spirituality,<br/> Paradise, PA: [[#Universalism|Universalism]]Publishes the ''Interconnections'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
-Center for World Networking,<br/> Soguel, CA: [[#UFO"|UFO]], [[#Psychic"|psychic]], [[#Yoga"|yoga]], Universal Energy. <br/><br/>
+Center for World Networking,<br/> Soguel, CA: [[#UFO|UFO]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], Universal Energy. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Center">'''Center of the Light,'''<div> Great Barrington, MA: [[#New"|New Age]], [[#NatAm"|Native American]] religions, [[#Reflexology"|reflexology]]Publishes ''The Light Journal''<br/><br/>
+<div id="Center">'''Center of the Light,'''</div> Great Barrington, MA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#NatAm|Native American]] religions, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]]Publishes ''The Light Journal''<br/>
-The Centers Network:<br/> See [[#Est"|est]]<br/><br/>
+The Centers Network:<br/> See [[#Est|est]]<br/>
-Centre de Recherche sur l'Energie Humaine Universelle (CREHU): See [[#SHY"|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/><br/>
+Centre de Recherche sur l'Energie Humaine Universelle (CREHU): See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
-''Centric,''<br/> Houston, TX: [[#New"|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Centric,'' Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Cesar">'''Cesar,'''<div> San Antonio, TX: Assistant to [[#Papa"|Papa Jim]][[#Occult"|Occult[[#Spell"|spells]], hexes, curses, [[#Voodoo"|voodoo]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca"|Wicca]]. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Cesar">'''Cesar,'''</div> San Antonio, TX: Assistant to [[#Papa|Papa Jim]][[#Occult|Occult[[#Spell|spells]], hexes, curses, [[#Voodoo|voodoo]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]. <br/><br/>
-<div id="Chakras"|]]<br/>Chakras:<br/> [[#New"|New Age]], said to be centers for cosmic energy in the human body that are aligned to allow the [[#Kundalini"|Kundalini energy]]<br/> to proceed from the base of the spine to the top of the forehead. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Chakras">'''Chakras:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], said to be centers for cosmic energy in the human body that are aligned to allow the [[#Kundalini|Kundalini energy]] to proceed from the base of the spine to the top of the forehead. <br/><br/>
-Champaign-Urbana Church of Christ:<br/> Member, [[#ICOC"|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
+Champaign-Urbana Church of Christ:<br/> Member, [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
-<div id="Channeling">'''Channeling:'''<div> New Age term for the [[#Occult"|occult]] practice of [[#Spiritualism"|Spiritualism]]<br/> (also called trance channeling). Spirit beings, [[#Ascended"|Ascended Masters]], deceased humans, [[#FamSpirit"|familiar spirits]],   or animal spirits allegedly communicate important messages by   temporarily entering the body and controlling the voice of a host   (channel or [[#Medium"|medium]]). Most channelers give the same basic message, that man is a God. ''<br/>[[#profile/chanpro.htm"|Profile]]''available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Channeling">'''Channeling:'''</div> New Age term for the [[#Occult|occult]] practice of [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]] (also called trance channeling). Spirit beings, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], deceased humans, [[#FamSpirit|familiar spirits]],   or animal spirits allegedly communicate important messages by   temporarily entering the body and controlling the voice of a host   (channel or [[#Medium|medium]]). Most channelers give the same basic message, that man is a God. ''[[#profile/chanpro.htm|Profile]]''available. <br/><br/>
+Chapel of Prayer,<br/> Eleanor Button, Houston, TX: [[#Psychic|Psychic]] readings, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], self-healing [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
+Cheetham, John:<br/> See [[#Great" lakes="|Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research]]<br/>
+<div id="ChenTao">'''Chen Tao,'''</div> Hon-ming Chen (The Right Way, God's Salvation Church, God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation): [[#Apocalypse|Apocalyptic]] Taiwanese [[#UFO|UFO]] group that drew international media attention when they predicted that   God would descend to their Garland, TX, headquarters in a flying saucer   on March 31, 1998. Publishes ''Practical Evidence and Study of the   World of God and Buddha, God's Descending in Clouds (Flying Saucers) on   Earth to Save People.'' [[#LostArticles/chentao.htm|Additional articles and press releases available]]'' [[#profile/chentaopro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Chi" id="Chi">'''Chi:'''</div> Invisible energy or force alleged to make up the universe and flow through all living things via meridians or [[#Chakras|chakras]]See [[#Taoism|Taoism]], [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]], [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/>
+Chicago Bible Students, <br/>Chicago, IL: Largest and best known of the independent &quot;Bible student&quot; groups. Reprints the early writings of [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] founder Charles Taze Russell, including ''Divine Plan of the Ages.''<br/><br/>
+Children of God:<br/> See [[#Family|The Family (Children of God)]]<br/>
+Chinmaya International Foundation,<br/> Swami Chinmayananda, Piercy, CA: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''MU News''<br/>
+Chinmoy, Sri:<br/> [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
+Chinook Learning Center,<br/> Fritz and Vivienne Hull, Clinton, WA: [[#NatAm|Native American]] Earth-Spirit philosophy, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], called one of the most important [[#New|New Age]] centers. <br/><br/>
+Chiromancy:<br/> See [[#Palm|Palm Reading]]<br/>
+Chiropractic Medicine:<br/> A [[#Holistic|holistic health]] practice whereby practitioners use a form of manipulative therapy to   treat musculoskeletal problems. While many chiropractors are not   engaging in alternative religious activities via their practice, critics   claim that some chiropractors engage in chiropractic medicine in   accordance with the [[#Taoism|Taoist]] principle of facilitating the flow of [[#Chi|chi]]<br/>
+Choice Experience, A,<br/> Jerry Stocking, Chetek, WI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]], &quot;other-than-consciousness&quot; techniques. <br/><br/>
+Choosing Light, <br/> Mill Valley, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], telepathic communication from Higher Dimension Guides and teachers. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Chopra">'''Chopra, Deepak''':</div> Noted  [[#New|New Age]] and health author and lecturer. See [[#Ayurvedicmed|Ayurvedic Medicine]]''[[#profile/choprapro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Christ">'''Christ:'''</div> Based on the Greek ''christos'' meaning &quot;anointed one,&quot; equivalent to the Hebrew &quot;messiah.&quot; Generally   used in the Old Testament of one who has been anointed with oil and/or   set apart for a specific mission, as was David, the king of Israel (see 1   Sam. 16:13). Specifically used to speak of the promised messiah/savior   of Israel and the world. Christians believe this to be [[#Jesus|Jesus]] of Nazareth, who died to atone for human sin. Other religions believe   in a succession of Christ figures through history, sometimes including   Jesus, who were great teachers. New Age groups sometimes understand the   term &quot;Christ&quot; as a reference to the deity found in all humanity (the   Cosmic Christ). Thus, Jesus was conscious of his deity or &quot;the Christ   within&quot; and others can have this same &quot;[[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]&quot;   by realizing that they, too, are divine. Other religious leaders have   historically claimed to hold the office or ministry of Christ including [[#Unification|Unification Church]] founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon. Biblical warnings are given for &quot;false   Christs&quot; (Mark 13:22). Scripture also speaks of an antichrist and of   antichrists who stand against and/or instead of the true Christ (1 John   2:18). <br/><br/>
+Christ Cathedral for Divine Abundance,<br/> Alexius Bassey, London: [[#Universalism|Universalism]], Divine Consciousness. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ChristCon">'''Christ-consciousness:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] term expressing the belief that [[#Christ|Christ]] is a divine potential in all human beings of which only some people are aware or conscious, rather than a unique title for [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
+Christ Family,<br/> Charles McHugh: McHugh, a.k.a. Lightening Amen, claims to be the incarnation of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]Followers dress in robes, no shoes, practice vegetarianism. <br/><br/>
+Christ Light Community:<br/> See [[#ChurchTruth|New Age Church of Truth]]<br/>
+Christ the Savior Brotherhood: <br/>See [[#HolyOrderofMans|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
+Christadelphianism,<br/> John Thomas: Teaches that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is a created being, Holy Spirit is Power of God, and [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]Also rejects the ideas of heaven and hell. It has several splinter groups. <br/><br/>
+Christian Community:<br/> Based on teachings of Rudolf Steiner, founder of the [[#Anthro|Anthroposophical Society]]<br/>
+Christian Fellowship, The:<br/> See [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]]<br/>
+Christian Foundation,<br/> Canyon County, CA: See [[#Alamo|Alamo Christian Foundation]]<br/>
+<div id="Christian ID">'''Christian Identity movement:'''</div> The belief that the true identity of the ten lost tribes of Israel is   the white, Anglo-Saxon race. The belief is similar to but distinct from   the doctrine of [[#British|British Israelism]]  A number of independent churches and organizations (including some   militant racist groups) make up the general movement. Most deny the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]Some teach a form of the [[#Serpent|Serpent Seed]] doctrine, believing that Jews are descendants of Eve's alleged sexual   relations with the serpent (Genesis 3) and are thus not fully human.   Many also hold that non-Whites are descended from the union of Cain and a   woman from a supposed pre-Adamite race. ''[[#profile/Identitypro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+Christian Millennial Fellowship,<br/> Hartford, CT: [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] splinter group (see [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]]). Publishes ''The New Creation'' periodical. <br/><br/>
+Christian Prayer Center,<br/> Mother Martin, Washington, D.C.: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]] and rituals, [[#Voodoo|voodoo]]<br/>
+Christian Renewal Ministry,<br/> Saratoga, CA: [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] splinter group (see [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]]). <br/><br/>
+Christian Rose Cross Church,<br/> Olympia, WA: Based on the teachings of Max Heindel (see [[#RosiFellow|Rosicrucian Fellowhip]]), [[#CosmicChrist|Cosmic Christ]], [[#Universalism|Universal]] religion. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ChristScience">'''Christian Science,'''</div> Mary Baker Eddy, Boston, MA: Officially called Church of Christ, Scientist. Eddy's teaching heavily indebted to [[#Quimby|Phineas P. Quimby]], a [[#Mesmerism|mesmerist]]  Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures functions as a virtual   second canon of Scripture. Views God as infinite Mind, &quot;the animating   divine Principle of all that is real and good.&quot; Matter is unreal; thus,   so are sickness and death, which are overcome by believing that we are   Mind. Seeking medical help is discouraged, frequently resulting in   preventable deaths. [[#Christ|Christ]] is &quot;the divine manifestation of God&quot; most fully seen in Jesus, who only   seemed to die. The &quot;Holy Ghost&quot; is Divine Science, that is, Christian   Science. The orthodox doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] is rejected as polytheistic. Many New Age ideas have historical roots in Christian Science and related [[#Mind|Mind Science]] groups. [[#profile/ChrSciProfile.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Christianity">'''Christianity,'''</div> Jesus Christ: Major world religion developed in the first century AD based on the belief that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] of Nazareth was the promised Messiah or [[#Christ|Christ]] of Israel. Followers, called Christians, were initially viewed as a sect of [[#Judaism|Judaism]]  It quickly developed as a separate religion as Jewish Christians became   outnumbered by non-Jewish converts and, through a strong missionary   emphasis, Christianity became a diverse worldwide movement. Their   scripture is the Bible, which contains the Jewish Scriptures (Old   Testament) and the Christian Scriptures (New Testament). Except for [[#Cult|cults]], aberrant sects, and [[#LibChrist|Liberal Christianity]],   those who claim to be Christians have historically believed the   following: There is only one true God eternally revealed in three   distinct Persons - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]).   Human beings are sinners who (without the grace of God received through   faith in Christ) are eternally lost. Jesus, who is God in the flesh,   died on the cross and rose physically from the dead as the sole and   sufficient payment for the sins of humanity. See [[#Gospel|Gospel]], [[#Born|Born Again]], [[#FundChrist|Fundamental Christianity]], [[#EvanChrist|Evangelical Christianity]], [[#Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]], [[#OrthChrist|Orthodox Christianity]], [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]], [[#SavGrace|Salvation by Grace]], [[#SavWorks|Salvation by Works]]<br/>
+Christward Ministry,<br/> Escondido, CA: [[#New|New Age]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
+''Chrysalis'':<br/> [[#Swedenborg|Swedenborg Foundation]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+Chuang-tzu:<br/> Legendary founder of [[#Taoism|Taoism]]<br/>
+Church, The,<br/> Jim Roberts: See [[#Brethren|Brethren]]<br/>
+Church at San Diego,<br/> Paul and Patrica Carroll: Current leaders Vincent and Patricia Izacic (a.k.a. Xavier). [[#Shepherding|Shepherding]], [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
+Church For Positive Living,<br/> Dean Davis Bedford, TX: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], creative [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
+Church in York,<br/> Bernard Haygood, York, PA: [[#Shepherding|Shepherding]], [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]<br/>
+Church of All Worlds,<br/> Otter Zell, Berkeley, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]]/[[#Paganism|Pagan theology]]Publishes the ''Green Egg'' periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="BibleUnder">'''Church of Bible Understanding (C.O.B.U.):'''</div> A controversial network of churches, headquartered in New York, that historically has been charged with [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]] due to [[#Legalism|legalism]], undue influence, and control mechanisms. <br/><br/>
+Church of Christ:<br/> See [[#COC|Churches of Christ]]<br/>
+Church of Christ-Consciousness:<br/> See [[#Center|Center of the Light]]<br/>
+Church of Christ Jesus:<br/> See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
+Church of Christ, Scientist:<br/> Official name for [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]<br/>
+Church of Christ, Temple Lot,<br/> Granville Hedrick, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]<br/>
+Church of Christ with the Elijah Message,<br/> Otto Fetting, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]<br/>
+Church of Christ with the Elijah Message, <br/>Greenwood, MO: 1998 splinter group from Otto Fetting's group of the same name. <br/><br/>
+Church of Cosmic Origin,<br/> Hope Troxell, June Lake, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Community, Cosmic Christianity, additional scripture includes ''The Book of Enoch''<br/>
+Church of Divine Influence:<br/> Alignment with the Divine Will of the Wise Movement of the Universe. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Essential">'''Church of Essential Science,'''</div> Scottsdale, AZ: [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], cosmic laws of Divine spark to achieve salvation, God was All in the beginning. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Yada" id="Yada">'''Church of E Yada di Shi-ite,'''</div> Mark Probert, Mountain View, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#UFO|UFO]] contactee. <br/><br/>
+Church of Freethought:<br/> A social organization for atheists that provides the opportunities for   socializing, community service, and social support offered by theistic   churches. <br/><br/>
+Church of God and True Holiness,<br/> Robert Carr, Raleigh, NC: Allegedly practice slavery and [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
+<div id="CGEA">'''Church of God Evangelistic Association,'''</div> David J. Smith, Richardson, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. Denies [[#Trinity|Trinity]], personality of the Holy Spirit, and the bodily resurrection. Teaches [[#Annihilationism|annihilationism]], salvation by law-keeping, [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], and that man can become a member of &quot;the God family&quot; (Godhead). Publishes ''Newswatch Magazine'' and ''Newswatch'' radio and television programs. <br/><br/>
+Church of God, (Abrahamic Faith),<br/> Wenatchee, WA: [[#Adventism|Adventist]] group, similar to the [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] groups; rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], teaches [[#Annihilationism|annihilationism]]Publishes ''Notes For Bible Students'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of God Family Counseling Center,<br/> William Miller, Dallas, TX: Miller claims to be the savior. <br/><br/>
+Church of God General Conference, <br/>Oregon, IL: Rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]Main headquarters for the Church of God, Abrahamic Faith. <br/><br/>
+<div id="COGI">'''Church of God, International,'''</div> Garner Ted Armstrong, Tyler, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Armstrong recently stepped down from his top   leadership position amidst allegations of sexual misconduct and   litigation. Publishes the ''International News'' and ''Twentieth Century Watch'' periodicals. <br/><br/>
+Church of God Philadelphia Era,<br/> David Fraser, Pasadena, CA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes the ''Proclaim Liberty'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Church of God (Seventh Day), <br/>Denver, CO: One of the older [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarian]] churches in America. Publishes ''Bible Advocate''<br/>
+Church of God, Seventh Day,<br/> Caldwell, ID: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Sabbath and Feast days; baptism necessary for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]). Publishes ''The Herald of Truth'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of God (7th Day) Salem,<br/> WV: Rejects the Trinity; teaches [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Feast days and Sabbath; baptism required for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]). Publishes ''The Advocate of Truth'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of God, The Eternal,<br/> Raymond C. Cole, Eugene, OR: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group; [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Sabbath and Feast Days. <br/><br/>
+Church of Hakeem,<br/> Hakeem Rasheed, Oakland, CA: Teaches how the god within makes people rich. <br/><br/>
+Church of Illumination,<br/> Quartertown, PA: [[#New|New Age]], Divine Spark in all humans, [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], similar to [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
+Church of Israel,<br/> Day Gayman, <br/>Schell City, MO: Radical [[#Identity|Christian Identity]] movement sect. Publishes ''The Watchman''<br/>
+<div id="LDS">'''Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The,'''</div> Joseph Smith, Salt Lake City, UT: (Latter-day Saints, LDS, Mormonism)   Main body of Mormonism; recognizes Brigham Young as Smith's successor.   Smith claimed that the Father and Son appeared to him and called him to   restore the true Church. LDS Church teaches that God the Father was once   a man and was exalted to Godhood. God (and his heavenly Wife) begat   billions of spirit children, the firstborn of whom was Jesus. Lucifer   was the leader of God's rebellious spirit children. Those spirits who   did not rebel become human beings in order to begin process potentially   leading to exaltation to Godhood. Jesus, however, became a God while   only a spirit. He organized our world and is Jehovah, the God of Israel.   He is a separate and subordinate God to Elohim, the Father. A   distinction is made between the Holy Ghost, who is a personage of   Spirit, and the Holy Spirit. The latter is a divine energy, force, or   spiritual essence that fills the universe and is used by all three   members of the Godhead in the exercise and accomplishment of their will.   The Church rejects the orthodox doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]It also redefines [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] to refer simply to resurrection. Almost all humans will be resurrected   into one of three kingdoms of glory, the least of which is far superior   to anything known in this life. Entry into the higher kingdoms, and   one's rank there, depends not only upon the atonement of Christ, but   also upon one's good works. Achievement of the highest potential within   the highest kingdom—Godhood—requires complete &quot;obedience to all the laws   and ordinances of the gospel.&quot; The ''Bible, Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price,'' and ''Doctrine and Covenants'' are all considered scripture. Publishes ''Church News'' and ''Ensign'' magazine. ''[[#profile/ldspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. [[#mormonm.htm|Research material]] available. <br/><br/>
+Church of Jesus Power,<br/> E.S. Cooke, Sr., Boulder City, NV: [[#Astral|Astral projection]] via &quot;Jesus Powered Sakraments&quot; (sic) which changes man's electro-magnetic polarity. <br/><br/>
+Church of Light,<br/> Elbert Benjamin, Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Associated with the ???[[#BrotherLight|Brotherhood of Light]], rejects heaven and hell. Atonement to be found in each person's own path. <br/><br/>
+Church of Metaphysical Christianity,<br/> Russell Flexer, Sarasota, FL: [[#New|New Age]], Jesus is [[#Ascended|Ascended Master]], Creation by Vibrations. Publishes ''Metaphysical Messenger'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Apostolic Faith:<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] church. <br/><br/>
+Church of Perfect Liberty,<br/> Tokuchika Tokuhara, Glendale, CA: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], man is manifestation of god. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Church of Satan">'''Church of Satan,'''</div> Anton Szandor LaVey, San Francisco, CA: [[#Satanism|Satanism]], [[#Occult|occult]], incantations, festival days include Spring equinox and [[#Halloween|Halloween]]LaVey, author of the ''Satanic Bible'',   founded the church in 1966 and died in 1997 after which a struggle for   leadership ensued between LaVey's daughters, Karla and Zeena, and his   long-term live-in partner, Blanche Barton. Eventually, Barton became the   Church of Stan High Priestess and she later appointed Peter H. Gilmore   to be High Priest. As of early 2002, Peggy Nadramia joined Gilmore, her   husband, in leadership with the Church of Satan with Nadramia serving as   High Priestess. Barton is now serving in a lesser role as Magistra   Templi Rex. The church has claimed as many 10,000 members. LaVey, a   former lion tamer, organist, hypnotist, psychic, artist, and   photographer. Like the vast majority of Satanists, he did not believe in   a literal, personal devil, but turned to Satanic imagery to provoke a   reaction and illustrate his disdain for Christianity. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Scientology">'''Church of Scientology,'''</div> L. Ron Hubbard: Humans are immortal spiritual beings whose experience extends beyond a single lifetime ([[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]),   and whose capabilities are unlimited, though presently imprisoned by   matter, energy, space, and time (MEST). Salvation is the recovery of   spiritual freedom, ability, independence and serenity, including freedom   from the endless cycle of birth and death (reincarnation), and full   awareness and ability independent of the body, i.e., being &quot;able to   control matter, energy, space, and time.&quot; These god-like powers are   achieved through auditing, a process whereby &quot;engrams,&quot; (the mental   recordings of past moments of pain and unconsciousness), and other   barriers to such states are removed, abilities are regained, and greater   awareness achieved. Auditing can last for years and may cost hundreds   of thousands of dollars. Teachings are also advanced through affiliated   business management companies such as [[#Sterling|Sterling Management Systems]], the drug prevention program [[#Narcanon|Narcanon]], and in public schools though [[#WayHap|Way to Happiness]]  The writings and recorded spoken words of L.Ron Hubbard (contained in   over 500,000 pages of writings and over 2,000 tape-recorded public   lectures) constitute the scripture of the religion, his book ''Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health'' being foundational. Scientology publishes several magazines including ''Advance, High Winds,'' and ''Source;'' also several newspapers and newsletters including ''The Auditor, Tech News, KSW News'' and the ''FSM Newsletter''  Scientology has a history of alleged abuse and illegal activities, and   is fighting legal battles in countries all over the world. ''[[#profile/sientpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. [[#LostArticles/scientm.htm|Research material]] available. <br/><br/>
+Church of Seven Arrows,<br/> Wheatridge, CO: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Paganism|paganism]]Publishes ''Thunderbow II'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of the Brigade of Light,<br/> Charlotte, NC: Divine Mother in everyone, [[#Jesus|Jesus]] called the Gentle Brother, [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysical]] philosophy. Publishes the ''Crystals of Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of the Final Judgement:<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
+<div id="ChurchFirstborn">'''Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times, The,'''</div> Joel LeBaron, Colonia LeBaron, Chihuahua, Mexico: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group organized in 1956 by Joel LeBaron, who was assassinated   in 1972, allegedly by his brother Ervil, who formed a rival splinter   group, [[#ChurchLamb|The Church of the Lamb of God]]The assassination was allegedly carried out on the grounds of the [[#BloodAtone|Blood Atonement Doctrine]]<br/>
+Church of the Great God, John Ritenbaugh<br/> Charlotte, NC: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes the ''Forerunner'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ChurchLamb">'''Church of the Lamb of God, The,''' </div> Ervil LeBaron, Salt Lake City, UT: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group formed in 1974 by Ervil LeBaron, who was removed from [[#ChurchFirstborn|The Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times]] following accusations that he was responsible for his brother's   assassination. The church has also been suspected in the deaths of other   rival [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalists]], including Rulon Allred, founder of the [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]]LaBaron died in a Utah State Prison in 1981. <br/><br/>
+Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days,<br/> Bang-ik Ha, Seoul, Korea: Predicted [[#Jesus|Jesus]] would return on October 28, 1992. See [[#False|False Prophecy]]<br/>
+<div id="High">'''Church of the Most High God,'''</div> Marvel, TX: God the Father is male and the Holy Spirit is female or God the Mother. <br/><br/>
+Church of the Most High Goddess,<br/> Mary Ellen Tracy, Los Angeles, CA: Revival of Egyptian religions, temple priestess, salvation through sexual relations. <br/><br/>
+<div id="MSIA">'''Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (MSIA)''',</div> John-Roger Hinkins, Santa Monica, CA: [[#New|New Age]], seminars, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], spirit guide/possession, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], chanting, [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
+Church of the New Birth:<br/> See [[#Foundation|Foundation Church of Divine Truth]]<br/>
+Church of the New Jerusalem:<br/> See [[#Swedenborg|Swedenborg Foundation]]<br/>
+Church of the Plains Indians:<br/> [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]]<br/>
+Church of the Tree of Life,<br/> San Francisco, CA: No doctrine of God, sin, etc., only doctrine is anything goes within legal limits. <br/><br/>
+Church of the Trinity,<br/> A. Stuart Otto, San Marcos, CA: [[#New|New Age]];   By Jesus' C.E.R.A. (Crucifixion, Entombment, Resurrection and   Ascension) he imparted his Consciousness into the psyche of all. <br/><br/>
+<div id="CWEL">'''Church of the White Eagle Lodge,'''</div> Jean LeFevre, Montgomery, TX: Divine or Christ light in each person, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes ''Newsletter for The Americas''<br/>
+Church of Universal Love,<br/> Linda Foreman, El Paso, TX: Similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] Movement, use teachings of St. Germain, [[#Channeling|channeling]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes ''Cosmic Channelling'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Church of Unlimited Devotion:<br/> Worships Jerry Garcia of the rock-and-roll band, The Greatful Dead. They believe Garcia's guitar is a channel for God. <br/><br/>
+Church of Y,<br/> Tylwyth Teg, <br/>Smyrna, GA: [[#Paganism|Pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ChurchUni">'''Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT),'''</div> Mark Prophet, Corwin Springs, MT: [[#New|New Age]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], God-consciousness, similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement. Currently led by Elizabeth Clare Prophet. [[#profile/unipro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="COC">'''Churches of Christ:'''</div> The independent   Churches of Christ movement was one of several associations and   denominations that developed from Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott and   Barton W. Stone's restoration movement of the early 19th century, which   was designed to promote unity among Protestants. Many (but not all)   Churches of Christ today, however, differ from traditional Protestant   doctrine in two key areas. Many maintain that water baptism and/or other   commandments (rather than [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith alone) are a requirement for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|Baptismal regeneration]], [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]]).   Some also believe that today's Churches of Christ are the only true   churches on earth and that they can literally trace their history to the   first century church in Jerusalem. <br/><br/>
+''Circle,''<br/> Madison, WI: Pagan newspaper. <br/><br/>
+''Circle Network News''<br/> Mt. Horeb, WI: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. Publishes the ''Circle Network News'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Circle of Life,<br/> Dorothy Espiau, Houston, TX: Healing planet Earth, forces of Divinity, [[#Crystal|crystals]], believes dolphins are alien beings. <br/><br/>
+''Circle of Light,''<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+Circle of Light, Inc.,<br/> Honolulu, HI: [[#New|New Age]], follows Lord Michael, astral planes, [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
+City of the Sun Foundation,<br/> Columbus, NM: [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Karma|karma]], man is part of God , man is perfect. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Clairvoyance">'''Clairvoyance:'''</div> The supposed paranormal ability to &quot;see&quot; [[#Psychic|psychic]] information, including historical or future events or other phenomena,   that cannot be discerned naturally through the five material senses. See [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#Divination|Divination]]<br/>
+Cleage,<br/> Albert B., Jr.:<br/> See &quot;[[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]&quot;. <br/><br/>
+Clifford E. Hobbs Foundation,<br/> Newport, WA: Hedonistic theology. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Cognitive">'''Cognitive Dissonance:'''</div> A mental, emotional, or psychological state which results from   attempting to hold two totally incompatible beliefs or opposing   attitudes at the same time. See [[#DoubleBind|Double Bind]]<br/>
+<div id="Cole-Whittaker">'''Cole-Whittaker, Terry:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] guru, teachings derive from [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]]<br/>
+College of Divine Metaphysics,<br/> Joseph Garduno, Glendora, CA: [[#New|New Age]], metaphysical teaching. <br/><br/>
+<div id="CARP">'''Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles (CARP):'''</div> College and University outreach of Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. <br/><br/>
+Comfort Corner Church,<br/> Lawrenceville, GA: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] teachings. <br/><br/>
+''Common Boundary,''<br/> Chevy Chase, MD: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+''Communion Letter,''<br/> San Antonio, TX: [[#UFO|UFO]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ComChrist">'''Community of Christ,'''</div> Joseph Smith, III, Independence, MO: Smaller of the two main groups   that originated from Joseph Smith's alleged restoration of the true   church. When Smith died, those who accepted Brigham Young as Smith's   successor followed him west to Utah; they are known as [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS). Those who rejected Young and accepted Smith's son, Joseph Smith,   III, remained in Missouri and became known as the Reorganized Church of   Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS). The doctrines of the two   groups eventually became radically different. On April 6, 2001, the name   of the RLDS group was officially changed to ''Community of Christ.'' The Community of Christ church has a slightly different version of the   Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants, and they reject the Pearl of   Great Price as scripture. They do not hold to many of the LDS   distinctive doctrines, including the polygamy of the 19th century LDS   Church and the LDS belief (still held) that God was once a man. In   recent years the church has experienced divisions, with more   conservative [[#Restoration|Restoration Branches]] becoming independent. Historically, the RLDS—now Community of   Christ—church also has had a leader who was a direct descendant of the   Mormon founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. The current leader and prophet of the   movement, Grant McMurray, was the first exception to this practice. ''[[#profile/rldspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+Community of Jesus,<br/> Orleans, MS: Thought to be involved in [[#Shepherding|shepherding]] and [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
+Concept Therapy,<br/> Thurman Fleet, San Antonio, TX: [[#New|New Age]], stress management seminars, book title ''Rays Of The Dawn''Publishes ''The Beamer'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ConcernedChristians">'''Concerned Christians,'''</div> Monte Kim Miller, <br/>Denver, CO: Ironically, begun in the early 1980s as a [[#Christianity|Christian]] ministry to expose [[#Cult|cults]] and false teaching, Miller's organization began to take on cult-like   characteristics in later years. Becoming increasingly controversial and   bizarre, Miller's group drew national media attention in 1998 when over   50 followers fled the Denver area and disappeared after Miller predicted   the [[#Apocalypse|Apocalypse]] was to begin and that Denver was to be destroyed by an earthquake on   October 10. Miller, who claims to be one of the two end-time prophets   mentioned in the Revelation 11, published ''Report from Concerned Christians'' and ''Take Heed Update''Produced ''Our Foundation'' radio program. This group is not to be confused with the Mesa,   Arizona-based Concerned Christians, a Christian ministry to Mormons led   by Jim Robertson. ''[[#profile/concernedchristianspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+Conciliation Ministries,<br/> Dusean Berkich Lawrence, KS: Conversion should be inward to self, not to [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
+Confraternity of Deists,<br/> Homosassa Springs, FL: Reject sin, no need for a Savior, no consciousness after death. <br/><br/>
+Confucianism,<br/> Chiu King (King Fu-tzu or Confucius - &quot;Kung the Master&quot;): A world   religion based on the teachings of Chiu King who, according to   tradition, was born in Lu, China about 550 BC Chiu King promoted peace   and social harmony through the traditions of the ancestors. He is said   to have collected, edited and written commentaries on four ancient   manuscripts (including the [[#IChing|''I Ching'']]). He also wrote ''Ch'un Ch'iu'' (&quot;The Annals of Spring and Autumn&quot;) These documents comprise the Five   Classics and along with the Four Books (a collection of his sayings)   form the basis of Confucianism. Doctrines include ancestor worship,   devotion to family elders, and right conduct based on the inherent   goodness of man. <br/><br/>
+Congregation of God,<br/> San Jose, CA: See [[#Answers|Answers Research and Education]]<br/>
+Congregation of God Seventh Day,<br/> John Pinkston: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes ''The Herald'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Congregation of the Firstborn,<br/> Raymond Glenn, Grapeland, TX: Teaches that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is not God; also [[#Sabbatarianism|sabbatarianism]], festival keeping. <br/><br/>
+Congregation of Yahweh,<br/> Pittsburgh, PA: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]] group, [[#Sabbatarianism|sabbatarianism]], Old Testament feast days and dietary laws kept, the Holy Spirit is the power of God. Publishes ''The Restoration Message'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Conscious Development of Body, Mind, and Soul:<br/> Organization of [[#Hoffman|Teri Hoffman]]<br/>
+Conscious Living Foundation,<br/> Drain, OR: [[#New|New Age]], states of consciousness, [[#Visualization|visualization]]Publishes the ''Gentle Place and Quiet Space'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Consciousness Connection,<br/> Las Cruces, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
+Constellation,<br/> Elton Powers, Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], African spirituality, animal spirituality, [[#Yoga|yoga]] for pets. <br/><br/>
+Contemplations, Inc.,<br/> Ed Heinemann, Durango, CO: The Universe is alive and speaks. Life is crystalized light. <br/><br/>
+Continuum Foundation,<br/> Chino Valley, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], dynamic energies, consciousness raising teachings. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Cooneyites">'''Cooneyites'''</div> (Go Preachers, No Name Church, Two by Twos): Meet in homes. [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is only part human and part God. Holy Spirit empowered Jesus to live sinless life and can do the same for any person. [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]]<br/>
+Cornerstone,<br/> Jim Rector, <br/>Texarkana, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. Publishes ''Cornerstone''<br/>
+Corporation of the President of the Fundamentalist Church,<br/> Rulon T. Jeffs, Sandy, Utah: [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group of between eight and twelve thousand members. The group   has a strong presence in Hilldale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona   (once known as Short Creek), which was the site of a government effort   to prosecute polygamists in 1953. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Corp Pres Elder Apostolic United Brethren">'''Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren''',</div> Rulon Allred, Bluffdale, UT: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group of between five and eight thousand members in Idaho,   Nevada, Montana and the United Kingdom.  Allred was murdered in 1977 by   members of a rival Mormon Fundamentalist sect. <br/><br/>
+Cosmerism:<br/> Mixture of [[#Christianity|Christianity]] and [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]], but embraces all religions as having truth. <br/><br/>
+Cosmic Awareness Communications,<br/> Olympia, WA: [[#New|New Age]], channeling the Force which also spoke through [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Krishna|Krishna]] and Edgar Cayce (see [[#Research|Association for Research and Enlightenment]]). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Cosmic Christ">'''Cosmic Christ:'''</div> See [[#Christ|Christ]]<br/>
+Cosmic Communication Commune,<br/> Decorah, IA: All religions have same common roots, communication from the cosmic Spirit. <br/><br/>
+Cosmic Light of Peace Center:<br/> See [[#Bread|House of Divine Bread]]<br/>
+Cosmic Science Research Foundation,<br/> Edward Palmer, Portland, OR: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFO]] information given by Hierarchical Intelligence on the various planes of consciousness. <br/><br/>
+Cosmic Wisdom,<br/> Clark Wilkerson, Honolulu, HI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbala]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#ESP|ESP]], cosmic consciousness, Universal Mind.<br/><br/>
+Council of Light,<br/> Honolulu, HI: [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement; [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
+Council of the Magickal Arts,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, ritual [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
+<div id="Course|]]''Course in Miracles, A,''<br/> Helen Schucman: [[#New|New Age]] book given through the [[#Channeling|channeled]] voice of &quot;[[#Jesus|Jesus]].&quot; The world, sin, and sickness are all illusions. Teaches that man is still in heaven with God and this life is a dream. ''[[#profile/mirclpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Coven|]]Coven:<br/> A group two or more people (ideally thirteen) practicing witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]) or occult arts. Also called a clan. <br/><br/>
+Coven Gardens,<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], revival of Egyptian deities. <br/><br/>
+Covered Bridge Canyon, <br/>Spanish Fork, UT: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism, ]][[#Channeling|channeling]], denies reality of death. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Covey|]]Covey, Stephen:<br/> [[#LDS|Mormon]] author with [[#New|New Age]] affinities. Author of the best-selling, ''7 Habits of Highly Effective People,'' and several sequels. <br/><br/>
+Creation Calendar,<br/> Verlis W. Johnson, Kermit, TX: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], necessity of keeping the Law, Feast Days, etc., for salvation (see [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Creme" id="Creme|]]Creme, Benjamin:<br/> See [[#Tara|Tara Center]]<br/>
+Crossroads Church of Christ:<br/> See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
+<div id="Crowley">'''Crowley, Aleister:'''</div> An English magician and [[#Occult|Occultist]]  Crowley (1875–1947) was known for sex magic, homosexual rituals, and a   fascination with drugs, blood and torture. Headed the British branch of [[#OTO|Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO)]], founded the [[#Thelema|Abbey of Thelema]] at Cefalu in Sicily. Author of ''Diary of a Drug Fiend'' and ''Magick in Theory and Practice''<br/>
+Crusade of Innocence:<br/> Believed to be a splinter group of [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgment]]<br/>
+Chrysalis Foundation,<br/> Durango, CO: [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysical]] and [[#Holistic|holistic healing]] center. <br/><br/>
+Crystals Consciousness, Warren Klausner<br/> San Diego, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] healing, [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], [[#Iridology|iridology]]<br/>
+Crystal Horizons,<br/> Santa Barbara, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]<br/>
+Crystallomancy:<br/> [[#Divination|Divination]] or fortune telling by gazing into a crystal rock or crystal ball. <br/><br/>
+''Crystal Pathway,''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|Occult]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Crystal">'''Crystals:'''</div> Many though not all New Agers believe that gems (especially Crystals) possess mystical, [[#Esoteric|esoteric]], spiritual powers to bring the bearer health, wealth and good fortune. <br/><br/>
+Cult:<br/> See the [[#Cult|Definitions]] section in the introduction. ''[[#profiles/patterns-in-the-cults/|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="CAN">'''Cult Awareness Network (CAN):'''</div> Headed by Cynthia Kisser and based in Chicago, IL, this was once the   largest secular cult watch organization or anti-cult group in America.   According to Kisser, between 1991 and 1996 CAN was the victim of   approximately 50 lawsuits directly or indirectly sponsored by members of   the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]],   an organization considered by CAN to be a dangerous cult. CAN   eventually lost one of those civil suits, which resulted in CAN filing   bankruptcy. On October 23, 1996, the Cult Awareness Network's name,   logo, and phone number were sold to a Scientology-related law firm as   part of a $20,000 purchase of CAN assets in the federal bankruptcy   court. Kisser warns that anyone now contacting CAN should be aware that   they are very likely talking with Scientologists. <br/><br/>
+<div id="CultConfession">'''Cult of Confession:'''</div> One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s   theory of Thought Reform. A system that requires members to disclose to   their leaders or superiors the personal thoughts, attitudes, and   actions that do not conform to the group's ideals. This practice   diminishes healthy personal boundaries and privacy, and may facilitate   additional abuses. <br/><br/>
+Cumorah Books,<br/> Independence, MO: Affiliated with the more conservative [[#Restoration|Restoration Branches]] of the [[#RLDS|RLDS Church]]Publishes ''Restoration Voice, The Vision.'' <br /]]
+<div id="D"]]'''D'''</div><br/><br/>
+Daily Word:<br/> A monthly publication of [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
+<div id="Dalai">'''Dalai Lama:'''</div> The spiritual leader of [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]]<br/>
+Dallas Fellowship, Inc.,<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]]; uses ''The URANTIA Book'' as their main text. Publishes ''The Circle'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Dang, Luong Minh:<br/> Founder of [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
+Davera Mission Church,<br/> Korea: Alternate name for [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]]<br/>
+David, John:<br/> See [[#John-David|John-David Learning Institute]]<br/>
+David, Moses (King David):<br/> Pseudonym for David Berg, the late founder of [[#Family|The Family]] (Children of God). <br/><br/>
+Davis, Haviland:<br/> Albany, NY: Leader of a [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter group from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
+Dawn Bible Students,<br/> East Rutherford, NJ: One of the original [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter groups formed after Joseph Rutherford assumed leadership of the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
+Dayspring Resources,<br/> Leonie Rosenstiel, New York, NY: [[#Hypnosis|Hypnosis]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] healing. <br/><br/>
+de Mello, Anthony: <br/>An Indian-born Jesuit priest, who wrote a number of [[#New|New Age]] books that were bestsellers in many countries. His works include ''One Minute Wisdom, One Minute Nonsense, Wellsprings: A Book of Spiritual Exercises'', and ''Walking on Water''  In 1998, over a decade after his death, the Congregation for the   Doctrine of Faith (a Vatican commission) denounced de Mello's writings.   They warned of false teachings in his works, including a denial of   objective morality and the claim that all religion, including   Christianity, are obstacles to truth. <br/><br/>
+Delphi School,<br/> Sheridan, OR: Uses the teachings of [[#Scientology|L. Ron Hubbard]], founder of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
+Demand for Purity: <br/>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s   theory of Thought Reform. An environment of blame and guilt based on an   impossible ideal of human behavior or perfection. This shame-based   culture punishes failure and can even subtly train members to punish   themselves for their inability to live up to the group's ideals or   standards. See [[#Brainwashing|Brainwashing]]<br/>
+<div id="demon">'''Demons:'''</div> Fallen [[#Angels|angels]] under the direction of [[#Satan|Satan]] who seek to destroy God's purpose and people. Demons are invisible,   spiritual beings (Ephesians 6:12), are organized and have supernatural   power and knowledge (Matthew 12:24, Revelation 16:14), can possess   humans and animals, (Luke 8:2, Mark 5:13), and can inspire false   doctrine (1 Timothy 4:1). <br/><br/>
+Denver, John:<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] singer who promoted [[#Est|est]], [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]], and the [[#Windstar|Windstar Foundation]] before his death in 1997. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Deprogram">'''Deprogramming:'''</div> A coercive attempt   to dissuade an individual of religious or ideological convictions   believed to be harmful, through a concentrated (usually two to three   days) counseling procedure designed to produce a sudden &quot;snapping out.&quot;   Deprogramming was developed in the 1970s by Ted Patrick and others as a   way to rescue family members who were perceived to have undergone   negative personality change after joining destructive [[#Cult|cults]]Often presented as an antidote for [[#Brainwashing|brainwashing]] or [[#MindControl|mind control]],   some deprogrammers rationalized the unethical use of force and coercion   to rescue victims by illegally holding them against their will   (abduction or &quot;snatching&quot;) in a process known as &quot;involuntary&quot;   deprogramming. Watchman Fellowship does not support or condone such   illegal and unethical behavior. Not to be confused with [[#ExitCounseling|Exit Counseling]]<br/>
+Deseret Shadow Church:<br/> See [[#Essential|Church of Essential Science]]<br/>
+Devil:<br/> See [[#Satan|Satan]]<br/>
+Di Mambro, Joseph:<br/> See [[#Solar|Order of the Solar Temple]]<br/>
+Dianetics:<br/> Bestselling &quot;bible&quot; of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
+Discover Seminars,<br/> Irving, TX: [[#New|New Age]], stress management. <br/><br/>
+Discovery, <br/>West Valley City, UT: Anti-[[#Christianity|Christian]], [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is the [[#Satan|Devil]]<br/>
+Disfellowshipping: <br/>As practiced by the [[#LDS|LDS]] and many other groups, this is a level of church discipline involving a   probationary period of restricted privileges, but retaining church   membership. As practiced by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]], it is an alternate term for &quot;excommunication,&quot; being completely cut off from Jehovah's organization; see [[#Shunning|Shunning]]<br/>Dispensing of Existence: <br/>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s   theory of Thought Reform. The organization's dogma determines whether   or not other groups or individuals have the right to exist. All   alternative belief systems or organizations are considered illegitimate.   In extreme cases this mindset can promote violence or murder. <br/><br/>
+Divali:<br/> [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] philosophy of Enlightenment. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Divination">'''Divination:'''</div> The biblical term describing attempts to gain hidden knowledge   supernaturally, usually about the future, apart from the God of the   Bible (Ezekiel 21:22–25, Acts 16:16). Most often props are involved such   as the hand ([[#Palm|palm reading]]), the stars ([[#Astrology|astrology]]), cards ([[#Tarot|Tarot]]), or random symbols ([[#IChing|I Ching]]). <br/><br/>
+Divine Light Center,<br/> Swami Omkarananda: Mixture of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Voodoo|voodoo]] and animal sacrifice. <br/><br/>
+Divine Light Mission,<br/> Maharaj Ji: [[#Hinduism|Hindu]]/[[#New|New Age]] philosophy, teachings on the God within. <br/><br/>
+Divine Science,<br/> Denver CO: Similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] theology: God is All, man is a part of the All, thus man is God. <br/><br/>
+Divine Science of Light and Sound,<br/> Marina del Rey, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
+Divine Word Foundation,<br/> Warner Springs, CA: [[#New|New Age]], channeled writings, [[#Jesus|Jesus]] and [[#Christ|Christ]] are separate entities. <br/><br/>
+Dixon, Jeane<br/> (1917–1997): [[#Astrology|Astrologer]], prognosticator, claimed information was from [[#Christianity|Christian]] God, however she made many false prophecies. <br/><br/>
+''Doctrine and Covenants:''<br/> One of the scriptures or &quot;Standard Works&quot; of the [[#LDS|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]; the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] accepts a different version of the work as scripture. <br/><br/>
+<div id="DoctrineoverPerson">'''Doctrine Over Person:''' </div>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s   theory of Thought Reform. The ideas and doctrines of the leader and   organization overrule the personal experiences, conscience, and   integrity    of the individual. <br/><br/>
+Dominion Press,<br/> San Marcos, CA: [[#NewThought|New Thought]], similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] and [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]Publishes the ''Theologia 21'' newsletter. Not to be confused with Dominion Press in Tyler, TX, a controversial but orthodox Christian publishing house. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Dorene">'''Dorene Publishing,'''</div> Arlington, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Talisman|talismans]] and other [[#Paganism|pagan]] memorabilia. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Door">'''The Door''':</div> See [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]]<br/>
+<div id="DoubleBind">'''Double Bind:''' </div>A mental or   psychological dilemma caused when a person receives from a single leader   or teacher conflicting messages or &quot;truths&quot; resulting in no appropriate   response or answer. See [[#Cognitive|Cognitive Dissonance]]<br/>
+<div id="Dowsing">'''Dowsing:'''</div> Form of [[#Divination|divination]] using a forked rod, a bent wire, or a pendulum. Used to locate people, objects, or substances, and to diagnose illnesses. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Druid">'''Druids:'''</div> A priestly caste of the ancient Celtic people of France and the British   Isles. They were the keepers of oral history and law, and officiates of [[#Paganism|pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]] religious practices. See [[#Halloween|Halloween]]<br/>
+<div id="Dual Cov">'''Dual Covenant:'''</div> The belief that the New Testament (or covenant) applies to gentiles (non-Jews) only. Thus, [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] is not the Savior of the Jewish people and they should relate to God   through the earlier Old Testament or Abrahamic covenant. A similar   doctrine called the Plural Covenant theory emphasizes other covenants in   addition to these two major systems. <br/><br/>
+Dualism:<br/> An   understanding of reality as existing in two opposite extremes.   Metaphysical dualism sees the universe as existing in two contrary (and   sometimes conflicting) realities—mind and matter, or spirit and   physical, or [[#Yin|yin and yang]]  Ethical dualism posits a conflict between universal good and an equal   and opposite force of universal evil (e.g., the belief that God and   Satan are equal and opposite beings). <br/><br/>
+Dungeons and Dragons:<br/> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#FRPG|fantasy role playing game]],   allegedly uses demonic names and spells found in occult literature.   Some parents have charged that children committed suicide under the   influence of the game. <br/><br/>
+DuPage Church of Religious Science,<br/> Donald E. Burt, Naperville, IL: [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]], use the teachings of Ernest Holmes. <br/><br/>
+Dyer, Wayne:<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] writer and spokesman focusing on business applications, personal transformation and motivational speaking. Also promotes [[#Holistic|holistic health]], and [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
+<div id="Dynamic Monarchianism">'''Dynamic Monarchianism:'''</div> A late second-century heresy denying the Trinity, put forth by   Theodotue of Byzantium and later adoped in modified forms by Paul of   Samosata, Noetus and Prazeas. <br /><br/>
+<div id="E">'''E'''</div><br/><br/>
+Eadie, Betty:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author of best-sellers, ''Embraced by the Light'' and ''The Awakening Heart.'' An active member of the [[#LDS|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], Eadie claims to have died, gone to heaven, and returned to her body (see [[#NDE|near-death experiences]]). Her books contain a combination of New Age and Mormon beliefs. <br/><br/>
+''Eagle's Cry,''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|Occult]] periodical, includes Egyptian revival, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Aura|aura]] analysis. <br/><br/>
+<br/> Eagle's Path,<br/> Grand Junction, CO: [[#UFO|UFOs]], moon festivals, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Eckankar|Eckankar]]<br/>
+Earth Church of Amargi,<br/> St. Louis, MO: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), moon festivals, [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
+Earthmother Therapy Center:<br/> [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Aura|aura]] reading, [[#Chakras|chakra]] balancing, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]], [[#Iridology|iridology]], [[#Numerology|numerology]], [[#Palm|palmistry]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]]<br/>
+Earthsong,<br/> Wendy Moss, Dallas, TX: Journey into Mother Earth. <br/><br/>
+''East West Journal,''<br/> Syracuse, NY: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+Eastern School Press,<br/> Talent, OR: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophical]], [[#Karma|karma]], astral light. <br/><br/>
+Ebon, Martin:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
+Ecclesia Athletic Association,<br/> Eldridge Broussard, Jr., Los Angeles, CA: Believed to practice controversial forms of [[#MindControl|mind control]] and [[#Shepherding|shepherding]]<br/>
+<div id="Eckankar">'''Eckankar,'''<div/> Paul Twitchell: Mixture of [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] and eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
+Ecstasy,<br/> Ojai, CA: [[#New|New Age]], man is God, realized through sexual encounters, New Age/Hedonism. <br/><br/>
+Eddy, Mary Baker:<br/> See [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]<br/>
+Edwards, Bishop Luke:<br/> See [[#REACH|REACH, Inc]]<br/>
+Effective Learning Systems,<br/> Edina, MN: Subliminal tapes, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#ESP|ESP]], deep relaxation techniques. <br/><br/>
+Elmwood Institute, Fritjof Capra:<br/> Internationally recognized [[#New|New Age]] author ''(The Tao of Physics)'' and lecturer. <br/><br/>
+Emmanuel,<br/> J. David Davis, Athens, TN: See [[#Bnai|B'nai Noah]] for theological perspective. Publishes ''The Gap'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Emerald Circle:<br/> [[#Paganism|Paganism]], know the Divine within, be part of [[#Gaia|Gaia]]<br/>
+ENERGIE et PARTAGE:<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
+<div id="Enneagram">'''Enneagram:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]] symbol. A circle with its circumference divided by nine points; has connections with the &quot;Tree of Life&quot; in [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], or [[#Divination|divination]]<br/>
+Epiphany Bible Students Association,<br/> Mount Dora, FL: Splinter group from [[#LHMM|Laymen's Home Missionary Movement]], one of the [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] groups that broke away from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
+Erhard, Warner:<br/> See [[#Est|est]]<br/>
+Esalen Institute,<br/> Michael Murphy, Big Sur, CA: [[#New|New Age]], one of the original institutions for developing and promoting eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]]/New Age philosophy. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Esoteric">'''Esoteric:'''</div> Hidden or deeper   knowledge held by an elite few. Belief that there are mystical core   truths underlying /unifying religions that are unknown to the   uninitiated. See [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], [[#Occult|Occult]]<br/>
+Esoteric Order of Dagon,<br/> Soror Azenath 23rd, Abita Springs, LA: Channel the energy of the Nu Aeon, collective [[#Magic|magical]] unconsciousness, worship the Old Ones or Old Gods. <br/><br/>
+ESP:<br/> Acronym for [[#ESP|Extrasensory Perception]]<br/>
+ESPress, Inc.,<br/> Washington, D.C.: [[#Psychic|Psychics]]See [[#ScienceCenter|National Spiritual Science Center]]<br/>
+Essene Gospel of Peace,<br/> Edmond Bordeaux Szekely: [[#New|New Age]], allegedly channeled by &quot;[[#Jesus|Jesus]],&quot; enlightenment, illness is a mistake. <br/><br/>
+Essene Light Center,<br/> Mary L. Myers, Charlotte, NC: Has similarities to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement, belief in [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]], Father-Mother god. <br/><br/>
+ <div id="Est">'''est,'''</div> Warner Erhard: Personal   transformation seminar promising individual growth, business management   skills, stress reduction, etc. Teaches the world has no objective   meaning, enlightenment, and to live moment to moment with no regard for   the future. New Age themes. In the midst of mounting troubles, Erhard   decided to leave the United States. Est was discontinued and replaced by   The Forum. Similar to other transformational/encounter seminars such as [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]]<br/>
+Eupsychia,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]]<br/>
+<div id="EvanChrist">'''Evangelical Christianity:'''<div/> Evangelical (from the Greek ''euangelion,'' good news or [[#Gospel|gospel]]) generally means a focus on the essentials of [[#Christianity|Christianity]]The term can be used to describe all Christians or churches that hold to or give heavy emphasis to specific conservative [[#Protestantism|Protestant]] beliefs. (In Germany, &quot;Evangelical&quot; is basically synonymous with   &quot;Lutheran.&quot;) These include: the authority and infallibility of the   Bible, the nature of God (sovereign, holy, compassionate, personal,   etc.), the sinful and fallen state of humanity, and [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith in the death, burial, and resurrection of [[#Christ|Christ]] as the only means of salvation. More specifically the term has come to   be closely identified with a widespread trans-denominational shift   towards more conservative Christian doctrine that developed after World   War II. See [[#FundChrist|Fundamental Christianity]]<br/>
+Evolutionary Kingdom Level Above Human,<br/> Richardson, Texas: Earlier name of [[#Heaven%27s" gate="|Heaven's Gate]], Marshall Applewhite's [[#UFO|UFO]] [[#Cult|cult]]<br/>
+Exaltation:<br/> In the teaching of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]],   the highest form of salvation. It means to become a God, exactly like   God the Father and Jesus Christ, and to produce and rule over one's   offspring throughout eternity. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ExitCounseling">'''Exit Counseling:''' <div/>(Thought Reform Consulting) A non-coercive technique (in contrast to [[#Deprogram|deprogramming]])   designed to help rescue members of religions or cults that are   considered false, harmful, or dangerous.  The program usually involves a   two to three day voluntary counseling session emphasizing education and   dialogue, often with a licensed mental health professional, a former   member of the group, and/or a specialist on [[#Cult|cult]] dynamics. The approach stresses true personal and religious freedom in   the context of providing additional information and full disclosure,   which facilitates more informed decision-making. Family counseling and   intervention techniques may also be incorporated. <br/><br/>
+<div id="ESP">'''Extrasensory Perception (ESP):''' <div/>Alleged   knowledge of an experience or a response to an external event apart from   the five senses. This experience can take place either in a wakeful or   dream state.<br/><br/>
+<div id="F">'''F'''</div>
+Faith Assembly Church,<br/> Raymond Jackson, Jeffersonville, IN: Similar to [[#Branham|William Branham]]Publishes ''The Contender'' newspaper.
+Faithbuilders Fellowship,<br/> San Diego, CA: Theology similar to [[#Watchtower|Jehovah's Witnesses]]<br/>
+Faithful Word,<br/> Chicago, IL: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group, teaches necessity of keeping the Law of Moses. Publishes ''The Faith Word'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Faith Temple,<br/> Rosemary Cosby, Salt Lake City, UT: [[#Apostolic|Apostolic Faith]] splinter group; Cosby has claimed to be the Messiah. <br/><br/>
+<div id="False">'''False Prophecy:'''</div> Generally, any teaching by a prophet that is not true. Specifically, it   is a prediction, made by an individual or group claiming to speak on   God's authority, of a specific event that fails to occur by the   specific, given date or within the specified time frame (Deuteronomy   13:1–5; 18:20–22). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Fam Spirit">'''Familiar Spirit:'''</div> A spirit that can allegedly communicate with humans, often through possessing the body of a [[#Medium|medium]], [[#Channeling|channeler]], or [[#Psychic|psychic]]Also, a special type of [[#Demon|demon]] that can impersonate a deceased person during attempts to communicate with the dead (see [[#Necromancy|necromancy]]). <br/><br/>
+ Family, The,<br/> Charles Manson: The followers of Charles Manson, some of whom were   convicted for the 1969 Tate/LaBianca murders. Not related to the   following entry. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Family">'''Family, The,'''</div> David Berg: Originally   called the Children of God (COG) and recently called &quot;The Family of   Love,&quot; this group boasts communal &quot;colonies&quot; throughout the world. Best   known for explicit sexual practices in recruiting converts and   inner-group life, based on Berg's writings, the ''MO Letters''Not related to previous entry. ''[[#profile/fampro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="FRPG">'''Fantasy Role Playing Games (FRP):'''</div> Players assume the identity of mythical characters and participate in   elaborate mental adventures. Critics have expressed concern over the   tremendous amount of time often invested in the games. More disturbing   are reports that the games often emphasize rape, violence, spells, [[#Magic|magic]] and other [[#Occult|occult]] themes. Some parents have also charged that their children committed suicide while under the influence of FRP. <br/><br/>
+The Farm,<br/> Stephen Gaskin, Summertown, TN: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]] mixed with [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] Christianity, [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], communal society. <br/><br/>
+Farrakhan, Louis:<br/> Leader in the [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]]<br/>
+''Fate,''<br/> Marion, OH: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|occult]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Father Divine">'''Father Divine,'''</div> ''né'' George Baker (1878–1965): Black founder of the [[#PMM|Peace Mission Movement]], believed by his followers to be God. <br/><br/>
+The Fellowship,<br/> Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of [[#Urantia|''The URANTIA Book'']], [[#New|New Age]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]]<br/>
+Fellowship For Spiritual Understanding,<br/> Marcus Bach, Palos Verdes Estates, CA: Similar teaching to [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]], denies reality of death, teaches man is God. <br/><br/>
+Fellowship of Isis:<br/> [[#Paganism|Paganism]] Egyptian gods and [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
+Fellowship of the Inner Light,<br/> Paul Solomon, Virginia Beach, VA: [[#New|New Age]]; concept of &quot;Meta-Human&quot; teaches man to go beyond human to become Creator/Master. <br/><br/>
+Fellowship of Universal Guidance,<br/> Glendale, CA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] reading. <br/><br/>
+Fellowship Press,<br/> Noblesville, IN: Soulcraft library, claims of [[#Channeling|channeled]] information from William Dudley Pelley in the very High Planes of Consciousness after he had died. <br/><br/>
+Feminism:<br/> See [[#RadFem|Radical Feminism]]<br/>
+Feng Shui:<br/> A religious &quot;science&quot; for the balancing of [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]] in the environment, discovered or originated by farmers some 3,000   years ago and developed within Taoism. Feng Shui teaches that there is   an energy called ''Qi'' (or, ''[[#Chi|Chi]]'')   flowing throughout the universe, and in this world through lines,   sometimes called channels or meridians, to which one must be properly   aligned for optimal health, fortune, and quality of life. The position   and alignment of structures and objects in one's environment affects the   flow of this energy and one's own ability to harmonize with nature.   Practitioners therefore arrange household and office furniture, design   rooms and even whole buildings, their grounds and gardens, etc., to   properly align with the flow lines of earth's energy. They thus hope to   improve the balance of nature around them, not only for their own   benefit, but for the benefit everyone in the area. <br/><br/>
+Feraferia,<br/> Eagle Rock, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Spell|spells]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Fifth Epochal">'''Fifth Epocal Fellowship'''</div> Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of [[#Urantia|The URANTIA Book]], Formerly URANTIA Brotherhood. [[#New|New Age]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]]<br/>
+Firewalking Institute of Research and Education,<br/> Twain Harte, CA: Firewalking, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], sweat lodge, [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
+First Demonic Church,<br/> Efrem Del Gatto, Italy: [[#Satanism|Satanism]]<br/>
+<div id="FirstElvis">'''First Presleyterian Church of Elvis the Divine,'''</div> Bethelehem, PA: Begun in 1988 as a marketing ploy/parody by Farndu and   Karl Edwards, the church spoofs traditional religions and cults by   &quot;worshipping&quot; Elvis Presley in weekly services held on the Internet and   the campus chapel of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA. <br/><br/>
+First Temple of the Craft of W.I.C.A.,<br/> South Chicago Heights, IL: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]). <br/><br/>
+<div id="God-Realization">'''First Universal Church of God-Realization,'''</div> Bhagavan Sri Babajhan-Al-Kahlil, Redondo Beach, CA: [[#New|New Age]], God is the self within, many paths all lead to the One Destination. <br/><br/>
+First World Conclave of Light,<br/> San Diego, CA: [[#UFO|UFO]],   32 planets already joined but are waiting for the Earth to make the   necessary commitment before the spaceships can land. See also [[#Unarius|Unarius Education Foundation]]<br/>
+First Zen Institute of America,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes the ''Zen Notes'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Fitch, Joseph:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
+Flag Service Organization,<br/> Tampa, FL: Promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
+Flirty Fishing,<br/> (Ffing): Allegedly discontinued practice of using sex to entice converts into [[#Family|The Family]]<br/>
+Flying Saucer Information Center,<br/> Pasadena, MD: [[#UFO|UFOs]], aliens coming to take Earth children for seedlings. Publishes the ''Update'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+<div id="FollowersChristChurch">'''Followers of Christ Church,'''</div> Walter T. White, <br/>Oregon City, OR: Practices [[#Shunning|shunning]], exhibits [[#Legalism|legalism]],   and holds to a strict faith-healing doctrine. Doctors and hospitals are   not allowed. State medical examiner claims as many as 25 children have   died in the last two decades from complications from otherwise common   medical problems. <br/><br/>
+Ford, Arthur:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
+<div id="FormCrit">'''Form Criticism:'''</div> A method of [[#LitCrit|literary criticism]] used by many scholars in the interpretation of the Bible. It identifies   the literary forms of specific parts of the biblical writings, such as   the different types of psalms (thanksgiving, lament, etc.) or the   different units in the Gospels (parables, miracle stories, etc.). By   noting common features in passages of the same form, various conclusions   are drawn about how to interpret those passages. In [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]],   which pioneered this method, many of the forms are assumed to be   legendary or mythical (especially those involving the supernatural).   Some evangelical scholars think form criticism can be useful if such   liberal assumptions are avoided, while other evangelicals reject form   criticism outright. See also [[#RedactCrit|Redaction criticism]]<br/>
+Fort Worth Bible Students,<br/> Fort Worth, TX: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group that republishes older [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] materials. <br/><br/>
+Fortunetelling:<br/> A form of [[#Divination|divination]] in which a person attempts to predict the future using alleged paranormal powers. <br/><br/>
+The Forum:<br/> [[#New|New Age]], personal transformation seminar; see [[#est|est]]<br/>
+Foundation Church,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Psychic|Psychic]] development, &quot;psychosomastery,&quot; [[#UFO|UFOs]]See also [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
+<div id="Foundation">'''Foundation Church of Divine Truth,'''</div> Washington, D.C.: [[#New|New Age]]/ [[#Occult|occult]], based on [[#Automatic|automatic writings]] of James E. Padget as found in the book ''True Gospel Revealed Anew by Jesus''; teaches that man becomes the very essence of God. Publishes the ''Divine Truth Commentary'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Foundation Church of the Millennium:<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
+Foundation Church of the New Birth:<br/> See [[#Foundation|Foundation Church of Divine Truth]]<br/>
+Foundation Faith,<br/> (Foundation Faith of God): See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
+Foundation Faith of the Millennium,<br/> New York: [[#Universalism|Universalism]]All religious leaders, including Jesus, Mohammad and Buddha were sent by God. <br/><br/>
+Foundation for Co-Creation,<br/> Barbara Marx Hubbard, Greenbraie, CA: Prominent [[#New|New Age]] lecturer and writer. <br/><br/>
+Foundation for Higher Spiritual Learning,<br/> Centreville, VA: Formerly &quot;Bridge to Freedom,&quot; the new name was adopted in 1979. The group follows the [[#Theosophy|theosophical]] teachings of Guy Ballard of the [[#IAM|I AM]] movement, including the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]]<br/>
+Foundation for Inner Peace:<br/> Organization and publisher for [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']]<br/>
+Foundation for Life Action,<br/> Tara Singh, Los Angeles, CA: Know one's own [[#Christ|Christ]] nature; promotes [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']]Publishes ''A Call To Wisdom'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Foundation for Shamanic Studies,<br/> Michael Harner, Norwalk, CT: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]] for empowerment and healing. <br/><br/>
+Foundation for Unlimited Consciousness,<br/> Rain Morgan, Orcas, WA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], Ramtha devotees (see [[#Knight|Knight, J. Z.]]). <br/><br/>
+<div id="Understanding">'''Foundation of Human Understanding,'''</div> Roy Masters, Grants Pass, OR: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnotism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
+Foundation of Light and Metaphysical Education,<br/> Hurst, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings. <br/><br/>
+Foundation of Revelation,<br/> San Francisco, CA: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
+Fox, Kate and Margarett:<br/> See [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]]<br/>
+<div id="Fox">'''Fox, Matthew:'''</div> [[#Roman|Dominican Catholic]] priest silenced by the Vatican for teaching blatant [[#New|New Age]] theology (which he calls &quot;creation-centered spirituality&quot;). <br/><br/>
+Fraternity of Light,<br/> Philadelphia, PA: [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]]; one's inner essence is a Divine Spark. <br/><br/>
+Free Bible Students:<br/> A small [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter group currently consisting of only four congregations and approximately 27 home groups. <br/><br/>
+Free Soul,<br/> Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], spirit guides, commune with Divine Nature, [[#Psychic|Psychic]] and Higher Soul Dimensions. <br/><br/>
+''Free Spirit,''<br/> Brooklyn, NY: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Freemasonry">'''Freemasonry:'''</div> A fraternal order   revived in the early 18th century in England, loosely based on   associations or guilds of stone cutters (&quot;operative&quot; masons).   Freemasonry (&quot;speculative&quot; masons) sought to give philosophical, moral,   or spiritual meaning to the lodge, tools, and oaths of the stone   cutters. Branches of Freemasonry include the Blue Lodge, York Rite,   Scottish Rite, and Shriners. Affiliated organizations include the Order   of the Eastern Star (for women), the Order of DeMolay (for boys), and   the Order of Rainbow (for girls). Most modern adherents maintain that   the organization is not a religion but a club or fraternity promoting   high moral values and good works. They believe, therefore, that   Freemasonry is compatible with and supplements Christianity and other   religions. Critics counter that Freemasonry involves secret blood oaths   or curses, and that the writings of respected early leaders (Albert   Mackey, Albert Pike, etc.) are replete with occult philosophy and   religious doctrine contrary to Christianity. Despite Freemasonry's   promotion and funding of a number of worthwhile, philanthropic endeavors   (free Shriner children hospitals, nursing homes, etc.), many Christian   individuals and churches have condemned Freemasonry or warned of   elements that they believe are contrary to Christianity. These churches   include the Presbyterian Church of America, Southern Baptist Convention,   Episcopal Church, Christian Reformed Church, Church of the Nazarene,   and Lutheran Church (Missouri and Wisconsin Synods). <br/><br/>
+Freewinds Relay Office,<br/> Clearwater, FL: Promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
+''Friends Review,''<br/> Hillsboro, OR: [[#Occult|Occult]]/ [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="FundChrist">'''Fundamentalist Christianity:'''</div> Generally a reference to conservative Christians who believe five &quot;fundamentals&quot; of [[#Christianity|Christianity]]:   the inerrancy of Scripture, the virgin birth of Christ, the   substitutionary atonement of Christ, the bodily resurrection of Christ,   and the historicity of biblical miracles. More specifically, the term is   identified with the conservative reaction, especially in America, to [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] in the early 20th century. Core beliefs of the movement are virtually identical with [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]]  Some fundamentalists, however, later distinguished themselves from   evangelicals (or neo-evangelicals) whom they saw as too compromising and   ecumenical. More recently some have given a new, negative meaning to   the term &quot;fundamentalist&quot; using it as a synonym for narrow-minded,   bigoted, anti-intellectual or divisive Christians. <br /]]
+<div id="G">'''G'''</div><br/><br/>
+G.A.P. Ministries,<br/> Elm Grove, WI: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], observes Feast Days, part of [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] movement. Publishes ''The Appointed Time'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Gabriel Society,<br/> Ruth Harders, Western Springs, IL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], Universal Mind. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Gaia">'''Gaia:'''</div> Originally the Greek [[#Goddess|goddess]] of earth. Many see the earth as one large living organism made of   numerous parts, much as the human body is one living organism with   various parts. <br/><br/>
+Gandhi Memorial Center,<br/> Swami Premananda, Washington, D.C.: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], teaching of [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] leader Mahatma Gandhi. Publishes ''The Gandhi Message'' quarterly. <br/><br/>
+Garvey Center,<br/> Witchita, KS: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Holistic|holistic]] health mixed with sound medical procedures. [[#PyrPow|Pyramid]] powers. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Gatekeepers">'''Gatekeepers,'''</div> Christopher James Turgeon, <br/>Pala, CA: A small [[#Cult|cult]] formerly called Ahabah Sasah Prophetic Ministries in Everett, WA.   Turgeon once claimed to be the prophet Elijah. He and another member,   Blaine Alan Applin, were charged with first-degree murder in 1998   following the shooting death of former member Daniel Jess. Earlier that   year a SWAT team served a warrant on the group's five-acre compound   located 60 miles north of San Diego and recovered weapons and other   stolen property. <br/><br/>
+Gateway To Light,<br/> Lloyd G. Sellman, Dewey, AZ: [[#UFO|UFOs]], telepathic communications. <br/><br/>
+Gateways Institute,<br/> Jonathan Parker, Ojai, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Sublim|subliminal]] tapes, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/>
+Gawain, Shakti:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author who popularized [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] through creative [[#Visualization|visualization]] ([[#Meditation|meditation]]) techniques. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Geller">'''Geller, Uri:'''</div> [[#Psychic|Psychic]], [[#Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]], [[#ESP|ESP]] and [[#Parapsychology|parapsychology]]<br/>
+Germain, Saint:<br/> See [[#IAM|I AM]] Movement, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
+<div id="Ghosts">'''Ghosts:'''</div> Non-physical entities or spirit beings, often believed to be the spirits of the dead. See [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Demons|Demon]], [[#Necromancy|Necromancy]], [[#Occult|Occult]]<br/>
+<div id="Global CoG">'''Global Church of God,'''</div> Roderick Meredith, San Diego, CA: Splinter group from [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]]Teaches a form of [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/>
+Global Family,<br/> Palo Alto, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], Higher self which is God, [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] (all is God). <br/><br/>
+Globalism:<br/> When used in a religious sense, this term most   often means to lose all national identity. Mankind must see itself as   one world family, without the need for distinctions between religions.   All religions become true or the distinctive doctrines of the various   religions must be disregarded in an attempt to achieve the new Global   Family idea. <br/><br/>
+''Global Times:''<br/> The bimonthly magazine published by the Denmark office for Proutist International. See [[#PROUT|PROUT]]<br/>
+Gnostic Catholic Church of Canada,<br/> Edmonton, Alberta: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] rituals. Publishes the ''Sunspot'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Gnosticism">'''Gnosticism:'''</div> From the Greek word ''gnosis'' (knowledge). Salvation comes through secret knowledge. A diverse belief influenced by Greek philosophy and similar to forms of [[#Pantheism|pantheism]],   Gnosticism generally taught that matter was evil and spirit was good.   Forms of gnosticism affected early Christianity. One Gnostic heresy   taught that because matter was evil, Jesus could not have come in the   flesh. Many New Agers regard Gnostic Christianity as the more   enlightened form of Christianity. <br/><br/>
+<div id="GnosticOrder">'''Gnostic Order of Christ, The,'''</div> Timothy Harris, San Jose, CA: An esoteric and mystical order reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMans|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
+<div id="Goat">'''Goat's Head:'''</div> An occult symbol consisting of an upside-down five-pointed star. See [[#Baphomet|Baphomet]]<br/>
+God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation:<br/> See [[#ChenTao|Chen Tao]]<br/>
+<div id="Goddess">'''Goddess:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]]  A term used in various though related senses to affirm a feminine   nature or aspect of the divine. Three beliefs are common: revering   &quot;Mother Nature,&quot; or the Earth, as divine (see [[#Gaia|Gaia]]); worshiping a female deity (often linked to primitive pagan religions, as in [[#Wicca|Wicca]]); and the search by some women for the &quot;divine spark&quot; of the &quot;goddess within.&quot; ''[[#profile/godsspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+God's House of Prayer for All People,<br/> Samuel T. Allen, Dallas, TX: Sabbath and Old Testament festivals kept for salvation (see [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]). <br/><br/>
+God's Salvation Church:<br/> See [[#ChenTao|Chen Tao]]<br/>
+Golden Association,<br/> Ann Rogers, San Jose, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], inner voices. <br/><br/>
+Golden Book of the Theosophical Society, The:<br/> See [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
+Golden Dawn,<br/> John Phillips Palmer, Lumberville, PA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], spiritual authorities are Secret Chiefs and Inner Plane Adepti. <br/><br/>
+Golden Dolphin,<br/> Sheila Balenger, Greenback, WA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], Mother Earth, Primal [[#Goddess|Goddess]]Publishes ''Sacred Cycles'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+Golden Eagle Sanctuary,<br/> Hot Springs, AR: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]s, [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Aura|aura]] balancing. <br/><br/>
+Golden Lion,<br/> Ann Alexander, Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
+Golden Quest,<br/> Hilda Charlton, Lake Hill, NY: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, space brothers, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], the divine child within all. <br/><br/>
+Golden Wheel,<br/> W.E. Reeve, England: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Spiritualism|spiritualism]]<br/>
+Good Cheer Press,<br/> Boulder, CO: Publishes material promoting ''[[#URANTIA|The URANTIA Book]]''<br/>
+Good, Joseph:<br/> See [[#Hativka|Hatikva Ministries]]<br/>
+<div id="Gospel">'''Gospel:'''</div> Literally meaning &quot;good news,&quot; the term gospel is used by traditional Christians as a reference to the message of [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith, based on the death, burial, and resurrection of [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] (1 Corinthians 15:1–4). The first four books of the New Testament,   which consist of accounts of Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection   (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John), are also called the Gospels. One of the   marks of a cult is that it preaches a different gospel, that is, a false   way of salvation (2 Corinthians 11:4; Galatians 1:6–9). Most false   gospels teach a form of either [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]] or [[#Universalism|universalism]]<br/>
+Grail Foundation of America,<br/> Abd-ru-shin, Binghamton, NY: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] teachings, [[#Christ|Christ's]] call for &quot;child-like faith&quot; no longer valid. <br/><br/>
+Grand Canyon Society,<br/> Scottsdale, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], members use ''[[#URANTIA|The URANTIA Book]]'' as their text. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Great Invocation">'''Great Invocation:'''</div> A New Age prayer written in 1937 by Alice Bailey (see [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]) and circulated by various New Age groups that believe widespread recitiation may help initiate a new utopia on earth. <br/><br/>
+Great Lakes Fellowship:<br/> Splinter Group of [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
+Great Lakes Pagan Association,<br/> Techumseh, MI: [[#Paganism|Pagan]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]]Publishes ''The Covenstead'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Great">'''Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research''',</div> John Cheetham: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
+<div id="WhiteBro">'''Great White Brotherhood:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] belief in a group of spirit beings or [[#Reincarnation|reincarnated]] teachers, also called [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], existing on a non-physical higher plane. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Greater">'''Greater Grace World Outreach,'''</div> Carl H. Stevens, Jr., Baltimore, MD: Formerly &quot;The Bible Speaks.&quot;   Courts required church to return funds to millionaire contributor for   unethical and illegal actions. Allegedly practices [[#MindControl|mind control]] and [[#Shepherding|shepherding]]<br/>
+Group for Creative Meditation:<br/> See [[#Group|Meditation Group for New Age]]<br/>
+Grove of the Unicorn,<br/> Galadriel, Atlanta, GA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], moon festivals, [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
+Guardian Action International,<br/> Deming, NM: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#ESP|ESP]]<br/>
+<div id="Guided">'''Guided Imagery:'''</div> Another term for [[#Visualization|Visualization]]<br/>
+''Guideposts:''<br/> Magazine founded by [[#Peale|Norman Vincent Peale]]<br/>
+Guild For Hermetic Revelation,<br/> Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], soothsaying, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]]<br/>
+Gunvik, Sigurd:<br/> This man's teachings are a mixture of [[#Watchtower|Jehovah's Witnesses]] and [[#SacredName|Sacred Name theology]]<br/>
+Gurdjieff, George I.:<br/> Mixture of [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] and mystical teaching. Considered by some to have been the greatest mystical teacher of all times. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Guru">'''Guru:'''</div> Eastern/[[#Hinduism|Hindu]] religious teacher (sometimes thought to be a focus of worship or adoration) who gives personal guidance towards enlightenment. <br/><br/>
+Guru Dev:<br/> Hindu Swami (religious master) who was the teacher of [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], founder of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]].<br/><br/>
+<div id="H">'''H'''</div><br/><br/>
+H2B Company<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]].
+<div id="Halloween">'''Halloween:'''</div> (Samhain) The term &quot;Halloween&quot; originally referred to All Hallows' Eve,   a Catholic observance of the night before All Saints' Day. However, in   its modern American form it is a holiday based on [[#Paganism|pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] beliefs and [[#Druid|Druid]] rituals. Believed to be a religious high or holy day by those involved in witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]) and [[#Satanism|Satanism]]Celebrated on October 31st, children are encouraged to wear costumes and solicit candy door-to-door (Trick-or-Treat). ''[[#profile/halwnpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Halpern">'''Halpern, Steve:'''</div> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] music composer and lecturer. <br/><br/>
+Hare Krishna:<br/> Nickname for the [[#ISKCON|International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]<br/>
+<div id="Harmonic">'''Harmonic Convergence:'''</div> A [[#New|New Age]], social, environmental and personal transformational event formulated by Jose Arguelles, based on alleged Mayan prophecies and [[#Astrology|astrological]] conjecture. Arguelles promoted a gathering of New Age believers held 16–17 August 1987 at the earth's supposed vortexes ([[#Psychic|psychic]] power centers) for [[#Meditation|meditation]] and chanting, theoretically to usher in a cosmic transformation. Other   significant dates were 31 December 1987 and a culmination in 2012. <br/><br/>
+Harmonie et Energie des volcans d'Auvergne:<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
+Harr, Brian,<br/> Rochester, NY: The [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]! <br/><br/>
+Harris, Timothy:<br/> See &quot;[[#GnosticOrder|Gnostic Order of Christ]].&quot; <br/><br/>
+Hartley, Harriette,<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Channeling|channeler]]<br/>
+Hatha Yoga:<br/> See &quot;[[#Yoga|Yoga]].&quot; <br/><br/>
+<div id="Hativka">'''Hatikva Ministries,'''</div> Joseph Good, Port Arthur, TX: Denies the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] and deity of [[#Christ|Christ]], seems to be [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]]<br/>
+Hawkwind,<br/> Charla Hawkwind Hermann, Valley Head, AL: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes ''The Pathfinder'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Hay, Louise:<br/> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] counselor and author. <br/><br/>
+Healing Arts Expressions,<br/> Solvang, CA: [[#New|New Age]]; healing by [[#Meditation|meditation]] on a piece of art, painting, etc. <br/><br/>
+Healing Center,<br/> Sarasota, FL: [[#New|New Age]], magnetic therapy, [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]] balancing. <br/><br/>
+Health and Wealth Gospel:<br/> See [[#Word-Faith|Word-Faith Movement]]<br/>
+Health Conscious Services,<br/> Christ Singh Khalsa, New York: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], each person is his or her own Master. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Healthy">'''Healthy, Happy, and Holy,'''</div> Los Angeles, CA: A.k.a. 3H0, the educational arm of Sikhism. Practices [[#Kundalini|Kundalini[[#Yoga|Yoga]], vegetarianism, and overcoming painful thoughts to move toward enlightenment. <br/><br/>
+Heart Consciousness Church,<br/> Middletown, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''Harbin'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Heart Dance, <br/>Mill Valley, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Crystal|Crystals]]Publishes the ''Heart Dance'' magazine. <br/><br/>
+Heaven and Earth,<br/> Gloucester, MA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]<br/>
+<div id="Heaven's">'''Heaven's Gate,'''</div> Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Lou Nettles, <br/>Rancho Santa Fe, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFOs]]  Applewhite (a.k.a. Do) and 38 other members committed suicide in March   of 1997, believing that by leaving their bodies behind they could join   Nettles (a.k.a. Ti) and other &quot;older members&quot; from &quot;the next level above   human&quot; on a UFO supposedly hidden behind the Hale-Bopp comet.  ''[[#profile/hvnsgatepro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
+Heaven's Magic:<br/> Another name for the followers of David Berg, founder of [[#Family|The Family]] (Children of God); produces multi-color children's posters and music. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Heresy">'''Heresy:'''</div> Literally, a theological   dissension or division arising from diversity of opinions and aims. The   term is usually reserved to refer to false teachings considered so   serious that belief in them excludes the followers from the true faith   and salvation; in other words, a belief viewed as fatal to the [[#Gospel|gospel]]Religious groups founded on the basis of heresy are known as [[#Cult|cults]]<br/>
+Heretic:<br/> A person who causes a division by teaching [[#Heresy|heresy]]<br/>
+Heritage Institute,<br/> Plainfield, WI: [[#New|New Age]], past life, [[#Ouija|Ouija board]], telepathy, [[#Psychic|psychic]] healing. <br/><br/>
+Hermit,<br/> Jan Moody, Topsham, MA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Tarot|Tarot card]] reading, [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
+High Point,<br/> Vance Harris, Willard MO: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
+High Wind Association,<br/> Milwaukee, WI: [[#NatAm|Native American]] philosophy, [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], Accelerated Human Consciousness. Publishes ''Windwatch'' newspaper. <br/><br/>
+Hinkins, John-Roger:<br/> Founder of [[#MSIA|Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness]]<br/>
+Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy,<br/> Swami Rama, Honesdale, PA: [[#New|New Age]], Hinduism, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes ''Himalayan Institute Quarterly''<br/>
+<div id="Hinduism">'''Hinduism:'''</div> The major world religion that originated from the ancient religions of India, which originally embraced [[#Polytheism|polytheism]]As a more unified world religion, Hinduism teaches [[#Pantheism|pantheism]]; the ancient gods (especially the triad of [[#Brahma|Brahma]], [[#Vishnu|Vishnu]], and [[#Shiva|Shiva]])   are commonly interpreted as representations of the various aspects of   the divine (Brahman). Human beings progress to the ultimate realization   of their oneness with Brahman (often called [[#Nirvana|Nirvana]]) through [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] according to the law of [[#Karma|karma]]Some of the concepts of Hinduism are incorporated, modified, and expanded upon in the [[#New|New Age]] Movement. <br/><br/>
+Hippocrates Health Institute,<br/> West Palm Beach, FL: [[#New|New Age]], healing, [[#Yoga|yoga]] and [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
+<div id="Hoffman">'''Hoffman, Teri,''''</div> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age[[#Guru|guru]], believed to practice [[#MindControl|mind control]]  Twelve followers or close associates have committed suicide or died   under unusual circumstances. Many left large sums of money to Hoffman.   Her organization is called Conscious Development of Body, Mind and Soul. <br/><br/>
+Hohm Community,<br/> Lee Lozowick, Tabor, NJ: No specific doctrine, all religions have truth, seek Divine Evolution. <br/><br/>
+Holiness Tabernacle,<br/> Dyer, AR: See [[#Alamo|Alamo Christian Foundation]]<br/>
+<div id="Holistic">'''Holistic Health:'''</div> (New Age Medicinedivlternative Medicine) A view of health care focusing   on the &quot;whole self&quot; (body, mind and spirit) and natural or spiritual   cures. Some holistic health remedies and assumptions (i.e., a focus on   wellness and prevention) are well within the Christian worldview and are   scientifically valid. Much within this movement, however, is based on [[#Pantheism|pantheistic]] concepts, [[#New|New Age[[#Visualization|visualization]], and eastern religious beliefs such as Chinese [[#Taoism|Taoism]] [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]]. Most questionable are holistic practices that have no valid physiological explanation or scientific proof such as [[#Kinesiology|applied kinesiology]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]] and [[#Iridology|iridology]]<br/>
+Holistic Life University,<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Aura|aura]] healing, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
+Hollyhock,<br/> Rex Weyler, Blaine, WA: [[#New|New Age]] retreat, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], drumming, [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
+Holy Body of the Coming Jesus Christ Mission in New York:<br/> See [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]]<br/>
+Holy Grail Foundation,<br/> Leona Richards, Santa Cruz, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
+<div id="HolyOrderofMANS">'''Holy Order of MANS,'''</div> Earl W. Blighton: Monastic [[#New|New Age]] group that practiced [[#Esoteric|esoteric]], mystical religion blending biblical themes with [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] and other concepts from Eastern religions and the [[#Occult|occult]]  Blighton, an ex-engineer who was once fined for practicing medicine   without a license, began the order in 1968. &quot;MANS&quot; was an acronym for a   phrase revealed only to initiates. After advancing through the order,   men reached the status of Brown Brother of the Holy Light, while women   might become an Immaculate Sister of Mary for Missionary Training. After   the death of Blighton, the group underwent radical changes. The   majority of followers converted to Eastern [[#OrthChrist|Orthodoxy]] and the order eventually was transformed into Christ the Savior   Brotherhood, a sect of Eastern Orthodoxy. Several competing groups later   formed claiming to preserve Blighton's original purpose and message.   They include the [[#GnosticOrder|Gnostic Order of Christ]], [[#ScienceMan|Science of Man]], and the [[#AmericanTemple|American Temple]]<br/>
+Holy Shankaracharya Order,<br/> Stroudsburg, PA: [[#Hinduism|Hindu theology]]Publishes ''Purarnave'' periodical. <br/><br/>
+<div id="Moonies">'''Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity:'''</div> See [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
+Holyland:<br/> See [[#REACH|REACH,Inc]]<br/>
+<div id="Homeopathy">'''Homeopathy:'''</div> Pseudo-medical [[#Holistic|holistic health]] techniques developed by Samuel Hahneman whereby minute doses of natural elements are said to cure diseases. <br/><br/>
+Homewords,<br/> Susan Johansen, Salt Lake City, UT: [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]]Publishes the ''Homeword'' newspaper. <br/><br/>
+Horoscope:<br/> See [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
+Horus/Maat Lodge:<br/> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], Egyptian philosophy. <br/><br/>
+<div id="HouseDavid">'''House of David,'''</div> Benjamin Purnell Benton Harbor, MI.: [[#British|British Israelism]]; Purnell taught he was the seventh and last messenger or angel of Revelation. Publishes ''Shiloh's Messenger of Wisdom''<br/>
+<div id="Bread">'''House of Divine Bread,'''</div> J.L. Mociulewski, Bayonne, NJ: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]], Father-Mother god. <br/><br/>
+House of Prayer for All People,<br/> William Blessing, Denver, CO: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]], teachings on [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]] and Lemuria. <br/><br/>