|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | Index of Cults and Religions<br/>
| + | <div class="column clearfix"> |
| − | By the Staff of Watchman Fellowship, Inc.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Introduction'''<br/>
| + | <table class="table"> |
| − | This Index contains brief definitions, descriptions or cross references on over 1,200 religious organizations and beliefs, as well as world religions (including Christianity) and related doctrines. Watchman Fellowship is a Christian apologetics and discernment ministry; thus, many references ("Jesus," "Gospel," "Christianity," etc.) contain definitions that reflect the beliefs of Watchman's staff. While Watchman Fellowship does not hold to the beliefs of non-Christian religions and doctrines, we also attempt to describe these beliefs factually, fairly and accurately. Readers are asked to assist in this effort by suggesting corrections or improvements.<br/><br/>
| + | <tr> |
| − | This is by no means a complete list of cults and religions. Watchman Fellowship maintains over 10,000 files and a research library of over 25,000 books and periodicals on religions, cults, new religious movements and related teachings. The absence of a religious movement from this index does not mean that Watchman Fellowship endorses the organization.<br/><br/>
| + | <th>#</th> |
| − | '''How To Use This Index'''
| + | <th>Column heading</th> |
| − | Begin your search by clicking on the highlighted letter below that is the first letter of the term for which you are searching (or, if your browser will do so, perform a word search for the term). If the term is listed, it will be followed by a brief definition. Most of these definitions contain highlighted words that are linked to the definitions for those words; clicking on the highlighted word will take you directly to that definition.<br/><br/>
| + | <th>Column heading</th> |
| − | '''[[#A"]]- [[#B]]- [[#C"]]- [[#D]]- [[#E]] - [[#F]]- [[#G]]- [[#H]]- [[#I]]- [[#J]]- [[#K]]- [[#L]]- [[#M]]- [[#N]]- [[#O]]- [[#P]]- [[#Q]]- [[#R]]- [[#S]]- [[#T]]- [[#U]]- [[#V]]- [[#W]]- [[#X]]- [[#Y]]- [[#Z]]'''<br/><br/>
| + | <th>Column heading</th> |
| − | '''Some Definitions'''<br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | By using the terms "cult," "occult," and "New Age," Watchman Fellowship is in no way implying that the followers or leaders are necessarily evil or immoral people. It simply means that such groups seem to promote doctrine or practices which may be considered outside the realm of historic Christianity.<br/><br/>
| + | <tr class="active-light"> |
| − | <div id="Cult">'''Cult'''</div><br/>
| + | <td>1</td> |
| − | By its primary dictionary definition, the term cult just means a system of religious beliefs or rituals. It is based on a farming term in Latin meaning cultivation. Sociologists and anthropologists sometimes use the term cult to describe religious structure or belief patterns with meanings (usually non-pejorative) unique to their disciplines. In modern usage, the term cult is often used by the general public to describe any religious group they view as strange or dangerous. Thus, cult can describe religious leaders or organizations that employ abusive, manipulative, or illegal control over their followers' lives. In addition to these usages, Christians generally have a doctrinal component to their use of the word. Cult in this sense, is a counterfeit or serious deviation from the doctrines of classical Christianity. Watchman Fellowship usually uses the term cult with a Christian or doctrinal definition in mind. In most cases the group claims to be Christian, but because of their aberrant beliefs on central doctrines of the faith (God, Jesus, and salvation), the organization is not considered by Watchman Fellowship to be part of orthodox, biblical Christianity.<br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Occult">'''Occult'''</div><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | The term, "occult" comes from the Latin ''occultus'' or "hidden."<br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Generally the word is used of secret or mysterious supernatural powers or magical, religious rituals. The word "occult" in this publication is used to describe any attempt to gain supernatural power or knowledge apart from the God of the Bible. Generally it refers to [[#Wicca|witchcraft]], [[#Satanism|satanism]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]], or various forms of Psychic discernment (astrology, seances, palm reading, etc.).<br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | <div id="New">'''New Age'''</div><br/>
| + | <tr> |
| − | New Age is a recent and developing belief system in North America encompassing thousands of autonomous (and sometime contradictory) beliefs, organizations, and events. Generally the New Age borrows its theology from pantheistic Eastern religions and its practices from 19th century Western occultism. The term "New Age" is used herein as an umbrella term to describe organizations which seem to exhibit one or more of the following beliefs: (1) All is one, all reality is part of the whole; (2) Everything is God and God is everything; (3) Man is God or a part of God; (4) Man never dies, but continues to live through reincarnation; (5) Man can create his own reality and/or values through transformed consciousness or altered states of consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>2</td> |
| − | '''Index of Cults and Religions'''
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="A">'''A'''</div><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | '''3H0:''' See [[#Healthy|Healthy]], Happy, and Holy<br/>.
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | 7 Habits of Highly Effective People:<br/> A book by [[#Covey|Stephen Covey]]<br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Aaronic Order,<br/> Maurice Glendenning, Murry, UT: Splinter group from [[#LDS|LDS]]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), founded in 1942 by Glendenning after he was excommunicated by the LDS Church for receiving and publishing revelations later known as the ''Levitical Writings.''<br/>
| + | <tr class="success-light"> |
| − | Abaddon:<br/> (Hebrew for "The Destroyer"; in Greek, ''Apollyon'') A [[#Demons|demon]] described in the [[#Bible|Bible]] as "the angel of the bottomless pit" (Revelation 9:11). <br/><br/>
| + | <td>3</td> |
| − | <div id="Thelema">'''Abbey of Thelema'''</div><br/><br/> Old Greenwich, CT: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]][[#Magic|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Abode of the Message,<br/> Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, New Lebanon, NY: [[#Sufism|Sufism]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Meditation|meditation]] to lead to "inner attunement," [[#NatAm|ative American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Academy for Guided Imagery, <br/>Martin L. Rossman & David E. Bresler, Mill Valley, CA: Healing by [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], imagery training (i.e., [[#Visualization|visualization]]), [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]] and [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="AcRelPsych">'''Academy of Religion and Psychical Research'''</div><br/> Evanston, IL: Organization founded in 1956 to explore [[#Psychic|psychic]] occurrences and [[#Metaphysics|metaphysica]] experiences while evaluating the growing interest in occult phenomena in Christian churches. See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]], [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Divination|Divination]]<br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Actualism:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] teaching based on [[#Panentheism|panentheism]], according to which all human beings possess the divine [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] and are united with the Mother-Father-Creator God. <br/><br/>
| + | <tr> |
| − | <div id="Accupressure">'''Acupressure:'''</div><br/> See [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/>
| + | <td>4</td> |
| − | Chinese system of healing using needles or hand pressure (''acupressure'') applied to certain points on the body, traditionally believed to balance the <br/>[[#Yin|yin and yang]] energies in the body by opening blocked meridians (apexes in the pathways). Once the <br/>''[[#Chakras|chakras]]'' (key points or intersections) are open, the ''[[#Chi|chi]] or energy, supposedly can then flow through the body bringing all things into harmony. While some limited physical effects (mostly anesthetic) can be attributed to this practice, these effects have scientific, physiological explanations totally unrelated to the mystical explanation, which derives from [[#Taoism|Taoism]]See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]''[[#profiledivcupro|Profile]]<br/> available. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Adams, Dennis,<br/> Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#New|New Age]], man is God. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Adelphi Organization,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]] teachings on [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#Karma|karma]], seven planes of existence. See [[#Stelle|Stelle Group]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Adeptco, <br/>Chuck McDonald, Omaha, NE: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]] and [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Advanced Organization of Los Angeles (AOLA):<br/> Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | <tr class="info-light"> |
| − | Advanced Systems, Inc.:<br/> See [[#ZenMaster|Zen Master Rama]]<br/>
| + | <td>5</td> |
| − | <div id="Adventism">'''Adventism'''</div>:<br/> Widespread trans-denominational movement inspired by William Miller's prediction that Jesus' "advent" (return) would take place in 1844. Even after the Great Disappointment (the date's failure), many people in the movement continued to believe. Some suggested revised chronologies and new dates, eventually forming groups such as the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] Others, notably Hiram Edson and Ellen G. White, suggested that the 1844 date was accurate but that a heavenly (thus invisible) event had taken place. Their teachings became the basis of [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventism]], which eventually spawned its own offshoots, including [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] and the [[#Davidians|Branch Davidians]] <br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Aesthetic Realism Foundation,<br/> Eli Seigel, New York: Happiness can be achieved through the harmony of opposites, e.g., realizing and accepting that the world is both beautiful and horrific (see [[#Taoism|Taoism]]). Educators have criticized the Foundation after public school teachers in New York introduced the philosophy into high school English, biology, and art courses. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Aetherius Society,<br/> Sir George King: [[#Clairvoyance|Clairvoyance]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Psychometry|psychometry]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#UFO|UFO]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Occult|occult]] secrets of [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Mantra|mantras]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Affective Education:<br/> Also called value-free, or non-directive, education. Influenced by the philosophy of Carl Rogers, affective education programs attempt to facilitate the emotional development of children in order to enhance the learning process, particularly focusing on self-esteem. This contrasts with traditional educational paradigms that focus on cognitive, or intellectual, practices such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Affective education has become particularly influential in drug awareness programs for youth. <br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Agasha Temple of Wisdom, <br/>William Eisen, Los Angeles, CA: Universal consciousness of god, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], occult [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
| + | <tr> |
| − | Agnosticism:<br/> The claim (denied by Romans 1:18–20) that one has no knowledge of God or the origin of the universe. Some agnostics make the claim on a personal level, while allowing that such knowledge may exist but has never been known by themselves. Others assert that such knowledge cannot be had by anyone. Agnostics avoid the charge of ''dogmatic [[#Atheism|atheism]]'' by acknowledging the theoretical possibility of God's existence. Yet virtually all live as if the non-existence of God was an established fact, and are thus ''practical atheists''<br/>
| + | <td>6</td> |
| − | Agon Buddhism:<br/> Sect of [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]Uses the ''Agon Sutras'' as scriptures. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Agyeman, Jaramogi Abebe:<br/> See [[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Ahabah">'''Ahabah Asah Prophetic Ministries:''' </div> See [[#Gatekeepers|Gatekeepers]]<br/> | + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Ahmadiyya Movement:<br/> Sect of [[#Islam|Islam]] following the teachings of Ahmad (1835-1908), an Indian Muslim; most followers in the US are black, Indian, or Pakistani. <br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | AION:<br/> [[#MagicZ|Magic]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Goddess|goddess worship]]<br/>
| + | <tr class="warning-light"> |
| − | <div id="Akashic">'''Akashic Records:'''</div><br/> Term used in [[#Theosophy|theosophy]] designating an alleged library that exists on the astral plane containing all the thoughts, actions, and events of mankind. Mystics, through [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], tune into this library for information. <br/><br/> | + | <td>7</td> |
| − | <div id="Alamo">'''Alamo Christian Foundation:'''</div><br/><br/> Tony Alamo, leader of this group, has been imprisoned by authorities for alleged illegal activities. Teaches traditional [[#Christianity|Christianity]] is dead. Former followers have reported deplorable living conditions, [[#MindControl|mind control]], and slave labor. Operates Music Square Church in TN, Holiness Tabernacle in Dyer, AR, and End Times Book is the publishing arm. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Alan Shawn Feinstein Association,<br/> Cranston, RI: [[#UFO|UFOs]], contactee. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Alchemy">'''Alchemy:'''</div> In its original, literal meaning, theories and experiments involving the transmutation (dissolving and combining) of base metals to form gold though chemical and/or supernatural processes. Today, it caries the meaning of a mystical transformation in [[#New|New Age]] consciousness through various mystical techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Aleph">'''Aleph:'''</div> New name adopted by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]] January 18, 2000. <br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Aleph: Alliance for Jewish Renewal,<br/> Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Philadelphia, PA: Combines Chassidic [[#Judaism|Judaism]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], ''[[#Course|A Course in Miracles]]'', and [[#New|New Age]] practices. Emphasizes combining syncretistic spirituality and psychology. <br/><br/>
| + | <tr> |
| − | Aletheia Psycho-Physical Foundation, Jack Schwarz, Ashland, OR: [[#New|New Age]] seminars on the inner-self, paraconsciousness, [[#Meditation|meditation]] and [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
| + | <td>8</td> |
| − | All-One-God-Faith, Emanuel H. Bronner, Escondido, CA: Sells ''Dr. Bronner's Magic Soap,'' which claims to clean both body and soul. The soap is widely available in health-food stores. Teaches (like [[#Process|Process Theology]]) that God is continually recreating Himself. God desires all nations and religions to unite in an "All-One-God-Faith" on Spaceship Earth. This unification will come about through following 13 precepts and 20 directives revealed to Bronner by God. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | All Souls Unitarian Church, <br/>John Wolf, Tulsa, OK: See [[#UU|Unitarian-Universalist]] Association for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | ''All Ways Free,'' Madison, WI: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Allah: Arabic, Muslim name for God; see [[#Islam|Islam.]]<br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Allegro, John: Wrote ''[[#Mushroom|The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross]].''
| + | <tr class="danger-light"> |
| − | Alphabiotic New Life Center,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New"ZNew Age]] seminars on one's divine being, [[#Ramtha|Ramtha]], [[#Yoga|yoga]] and [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
| + | <td>9</td> |
| − | Alphasonic International, Los Angeles, CA: Company specializing in tapes with [[#Sublim|subliminal messages]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Altered">'''Altered States of Consciousness:'''</div> [[#Trance|Trances]] entered through [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], drugs (including hallucinogenics), [[#Visualization|visualization]], etc. State of being in which one allows the subconscious to take control and guide. May heighten one's vulnerability to suggestion or susceptibility to deception. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Alternative Medicine:<br/> See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America: See [[#Mon-Ka|Mon-Ka Retreat…]<br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | Ambassador University, Big Sandy, TX: Now defunct Liberal arts and religious institution founded by Herbert Armstrong. See [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/>
| + | <tr class="danger-light"> |
| − | Ambassadors For Christ, Tustin, CA: See [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] for similar theological perspective. <br/><br/>
| + | <td>10</td> |
| − | Ameba, San Francisco, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], promotes the teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]], [[#Celt|Celtic rituals]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | American Academy of Dissident Sciences, Culver City, CA: Studying a wide array of conspiracy theories, the Academy focuses on [[#UFO|UFOs]] and the [[#Illuminati|Illuminati]]<br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine,<br/> Fairfield, IA: [[#Holistic|Holistic health]] association founded by [[#Chopra|Deepak Chopra]] while he followed the [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] (see [[#Ayurvedicmed|Ayurvedic medicine]]; [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]). <br/><br/>
| + | <td>Column content</td> |
| − | <div id="Am Atheists">'''American Atheists, Inc.,'''</div> Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, Austin, TX: Advocates strict separation of church and state, and actively opposes Christian influence on society. O'Hair and two children disappeared in 1994 with a sizeable portion of the organization's assets. It is now believed they were murdered. Publishes ''American Atheist'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | </tr> |
| − | American Babaji Yoga Sangam,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]-based philosophy, [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | </table> |
| − | Americ an Constitution Committee: Political organization of the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
| + | </div> |
| − | American Fellowship Services: Splinter group of [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | </div> |
| − | American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence: A branch of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | American Gnostic Church, <br/>Daeva Ares Animo: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] rituals, Egyptian [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Satanism|Satanism]] rituals of [[#LaVey|Anton LaVey]], Gnostic Mass. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | American Holistic Nurses Association, Amherst, MA: Trains medical nurses to use [[#Touch|therapeutic touch]] and [[#Meditation|meditation]] with patients. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | American Imagery Institute Milwaukee, WI: [[#New|New Age]] teachings on [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | American Leadership College, Inc. Osceola, IA: [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occult]] teachings on [[#Trance|trance]] healings, [[#Medium|mediumship]], self-realization dreams. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | American Pie and the Armageddon Bible Prophecy Home Page: The pop song American Pie, which prophesies the destruction of America, was foretold in the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32. See [[#Apocalypse|Apocalypse]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | American Society for Psychical Research, Simon Newcomb, New York, NY: [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]], [[#Medium|mediums]], [[#Parapsychology|parapsychology]], [[#psychokinesis|psychokinesis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | American Study Group, UT: Defunct splinter group from [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) that used the [[#BoM|Book of Mormon]] and the teachings of LDS leaders to speculate on end-time events. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="AmericanTemple">'''American Temple,'''</div> Michael Whitney, Portland, OR: A "fourth wave" esoteric and mystical order led by "Patriarch" Michael Whitney reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMANS|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | American West Publishers, Tehachapi, CA: [[#UFO|UFOs]] cosmic laws of balance. Publishes the ''Phoenix Journal''<br/>
| + | |
| − | American Zen Center: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Sufism|Sufism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''AMOM:''' See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''AMOOKOS:''' [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], some [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], man is already a master. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''AMORC:''' See [[#RosiOrd|Rosicrucian Order]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ananda">'''Ananda Marga,'''</div> Denver, CO: Philosophy and deities of []#Hinduism|Hinduism]], teaches [[#Meditation|meditation]] and [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Anchor of Golden Light, Dorothy and Henry Leon, Grants Pass, OR: [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Numerology|numerology]] Publishes the ''Anchor of Golden Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="AncientMysticOrder">''''Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek,'''</div> Malachi Z. York, Eatonton, GA: Also known as AMOM, Nuwaubians, the Nubian Nation of Moors, Right Knowledge. A [[#UFO|UFO]] group whose leader, (a.k.a. Dwight York) claims to be form the 19th galaxy, called Illyuwn. A 1993 FBI report calls the group a "front for a wide range of criminal activity, including arson, welfare fraud and extortion." York's group has also operated under other names and organizations including the Nubian Islaamic [sic] Hebrew Mission, the Ansaaru Allah Community, (an [[#Islam|Islamic]] sect with doctrines similar to [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]], and the Original Tents of Kedar. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ancient Wisdom Connection, N. Myrtle Beach, SC: [[#New|New Age]] [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Numerology|numerology]] and belief in "Lord Sananda," who is an incarnation of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Angels">'''Angels:'''</div> Supernatural, non-human beings created by God. Angels worship God and serve as His messengers. The angels who followed [[#Satan|Satan]] and rebelled against God are called [[#Demons|demons]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Anglo-Israelism: See [[#British|British Israelism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Animal Magnetism: See [[#Mesmerism|Mesmerism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Animism">'''Animism:'''</div> The idea that all things in the universe are inherently invested with a life force, soul, or mind. This belief is an important component of many primitive religions, the [[#Occult|occult]], and [[#Spiritism|spiritism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Annihilationism">'''Annihilationism:'''</div> Taught by most [[#Adventism|Adventist]] groups, including the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]], this doctrine denies the conscious, eternal punishment of the lost. Instead, humans who do not receive eternal life will be destroyed and cease to exist. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Anointed">'''Anointed Class:'''</div> See [[#Little|Little Flock]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Answers">'''Answers Research and Education,'''</div> Bud Cocherell, San Jose, CA: Man's destiny is to become a God, keep Old Testament festivals. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Anthropomancy: A form of [[#Divination|divination]] based on [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings of the entrails of a human who has been ritualistically sacrificed. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Anthroposophic Society, Rudolf Steiner, Hudson, NY: Similar to the Chicago organization (below), possibly affiliated. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Anthro">Anthroposophical Society,</div> Rudolf Steiner, Chicago, IL: [[#Occult|Occult]], related to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]; teachings on [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]] and [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Apocalypse">'''Apocalypse:'''</div> Also called Armageddon. From the Greek word ''apokalypsis,'' meaning "revelation, disclosure, or unveiling," the term apocalypse refers in the Bible to the summation of human history through God's direct judgment upon the world. Central in biblical apocalyptic literature is the Revelation to John (sometimes called The Apocalypse). A common feature of many pseudo-Christian groups is their attempts to predict the date of the apocalypse. For examples of groups that have falsely predicted the apocalypse, see [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]], [[#Adventism|Adventism]], [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Apostasy:<br/> From the Greek word ''apostasis,'' meaning "rebellion," and the Latin word ''apostasia,'' meaning "abandonment," the term apostasy refers to a renunciation of the Christian faith. The [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] applies the label ''apostate'' to former Jehovah's Witnesses, who are then [[#Shunning|shunned]] by all Witnesses in good standing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Apostle: From the Greek word ''apostolos,'' meaning "messenger," the term apostle refers to those leaders of the early Christian church who were chosen by Jesus. The criteria for being an apostle was 1) the individual was personally chosen by Christ; and 2) the individual must have personally seen Christ. Members of the top two quorums of leadership in [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] claim the title today. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Apostolic">'''Apostolic Churches:'''</div> A branch of Pentecostalism including several denominations as well as independent churches with the name "Apostolic"; many (but not all) Apostolic churches adhere to [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Apostolic Overcoming Holiness of God, Inc., Birmingham, AL: Pentecostal church, stresses the oneness of God while accepting the Triune Being of the Godhead. Salvation depends upon baptism, tarrying to receive the Holy Spirit, and holiness. Publishes ''The People's Mouthpiece'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Apostolic United Brethren:<br/> See [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Applewhite, Marshall:<br/> See [[#Heavens" gate=|Heaven's Gate]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Kinesiology">'''Applied Kinesiology:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] diagnostic technique sometimes called "muscle testing." Often patients hold health care products (vitamins, herbs, etc) in their hand while the practitioner pulls or "tests" the reciprocal strength in the finger, arm, etc. to determine the effectiveness or dosage of the remedy. See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Academy, Robert E. Birdsong, Eureka, CA: [[#Jesus|Jesus]] only an [[#Avatar|avatar]] of the Cosmic [[#Christ|Christ]], of the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]] of Light. Man's purpose is to reach the transcendental plane, release from the wheel of fate, [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], cosmic truths. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Age Teaching, Ruby Focus, Sedona, AZ: Discover the God within, the Father-Mother god, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Church of Universal Service,<br/> Paul Shockley, Portland, OR: Teaches cosmic awareness but with no specific doctrine. Similar to [[#UU|Unitarian-Universalist]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Aquarian Conspiracy,'''<br/> Marilyn Ferguson: A book documenting and advocating the widespread growth of the New Age movement. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Educational Group, <br/>Torkom Saraydarian, Sedona, AZ: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], moon festivals, use the ''[[#Bhagavad|Bhagavad-Gita]],'' [[#Jesus|Jesus]] only an [[#Avatar|avatar]]Publishes the ''Fiery Synthesis'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Foundation, Keith Milton Rhinehart, Seattle, WA: [[#Universalism|Universalism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]-based philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Aquarian Gospel">'''Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ:''</div> Book written by Levi H. Dowling, a [[#New|New Age]], apocryphal story supposedly based on the [[#Akashic|Akashic Records]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Minyan,<br/> Berkeley, CA: Jewish group, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Mysticism|mysticism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Perspectives Inter Planetary Mission,<br/> Montgomery, AL: [[#UFO|UFO]] group, receives messages from Futron and the Rainbow Star Legionnaires. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aquarian Tabernacle Church, Index, WA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], worship of Mother Earth, [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, sun and moon festival, [[#Magic|magic]]Publishes the ''Panegyria'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arcana Workshop,<br/> Manhattan Beach, CA: [[#Meditation|Meditation]], [[#GreatInvocation|Great Invocation]], moon festivals. Based on the teachings of Alice Bailey (see [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]). Publishes the ''Thoughtline'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Arcane">'''Arcane School''',</div> Alice Bailey: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] teachings, connected with Lucis Trust, formerly Lucifer Trust. Similar to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Arefu">'''Arefu:'''</div> Company created and owned by Japanese doomsday-cult [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]] for real estate brokering, financing and seminars. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was also changing its own name to Arefu [[#Aum|Aleph]], in English. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arete Truth Center,<br/> Paul Lachlan Peck, Las Vegas, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], teaches balancing the body, mind and spirit. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arguelles, Jose: New Ager who staged the [[#Harmonic|Harmonic Convergence]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Arizona Light,'' Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arizona Metaphysical Society, Frank Alper, Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] seminars on [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], and [[#Crystal|crystals]]
| + | |
| − | ''Arizona Network News,'' Scottsdale, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arm of the Lord, Warren, OH: Teaches that it is a satanic idea to invite [[#Jesus|Jesus]] into "one's life." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Armageddon Time Ark Base Operation, O.T. Nodrog, Weslaco, TX: [[#UFO|UFO]] group, channels messages from outer dimensional forces. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Armstrong, Garner Ted: Son of Herbert W. Armstrong who formed his own rival [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group, the Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelistic Association. See [[#COGI|Church of God, International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Armstrong, Herbert W.: See [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]], [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Armstrongism">'''Armstrongism:'''</div> The doctrines and religious movement originating with Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), who founded the [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]] (WCG). Armstrong rejected such essential doctrines of [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]] as the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], the full deity of [[#Jesus|Jesus]] [[#Christ|Christ]], and the personality of the Holy Spirit. Armstrong taught [[#British|British Israelism]] and believed that worthy humans could eventually "become God as God is God." Teaches [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]] predicated on [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], tithing (20-30%), and keeping the Old Testament feast days and dietary laws. Under the leadership of Armstrong's successors, Joseph W. Tkach and his son Joe Tkach, the WCG has undergone a radical doctrinal transformation. Scores of splinter groups, such as the [[#GlobalCoG|Global Church of God]] and the [[#UnitedCoG|United Church of God]], continue to teach various forms of Armstrongism. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arn Draiocht Fein, P.E.I. Bonewits, Nyack, NY: [[#Neopagan|Paganism]], [[#Druid|Druids]], [[#Polytheism|polytheism]], nature worship. Publishes ''News from the Mother Grove'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Aromatherapy">'''Aromatherapy:'''</div> [[#Holistic|Holistic health]]> practice of seeking to heal certain diseases or illnesses by inhaling scented steam or fragrances. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aromatherapy Seminars, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Holistic|Holistic Healing]] therapy, oils healing the psyche. See Aromatherapy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Arunachala Ashram, Bhagavan Sri Ramana: [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] -based philosophy, also called Maharshi Center, Inc. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aryan Nations Church, <br/>Hayden Lake, ID: A neo-Nazi paramilitary organization in the [[#ChristianID|Christian Identity movement]] that preaches against all non-Caucasian groups. The Order, an Aryan Nations break-off group, killed Alan Berg, a Jewish radio personality in Denver, in 1984. The Aryan Nations received national notice in 1992 when the wife of member Randy Weaver was killed in a shootout with the FBI in Ruby Ridge, ID. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | As It Is:<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Asatru Free Assembly, Denair, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], worships Odin as Father-god, Frigga as Mother-god and Nerthus as Mother-Earth. Publishes ''The Runestone'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ascended Master Teaching Foundation,<br/> Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], part of the [[#IAM|I AM movement]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], similar to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ascended">'''Ascended Masters:'''</div> Sometimes called the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]][[#Occult|Occult]], [[#New|New Age]] belief in alleged teachers or masters who live on an astral plane as non-physical entities beyond time and space. They can supposedly communicate spiritual truths to humans through [[#Channeling|channeling]] or other [[#Occult|occult]] techniques. Membership includes [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Buddha|Buddha]], St. Germain (see [[#IAM|I AM movement]]), Ramtha (see [[#Knight|Knight, J. Z.]]), Mafu (see [[#Torres|Torres, Penny]], Seth (see [[#Roberts|Roberts, Jane]], and others. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ascended Masters School of Light, Toni Moltzan, Carrollton, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]] including [[#Jesus|Jesus]], universal consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ascension Week Enterprises, Santa Fe, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|Channeling]], reaching out to children with [[#New|New Age]] programs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ASCENT Foundation,<br/> Larry Jensen, Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] enlightenment, similar to [[#Silva|Silva Mind Control]], [[#Est|est]], and [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Asheville Meditation Center, Asheville, NC: [[#New|New Age]], achieving man's divine nature, transcendence. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Assemblies of the Called Out Ones of "Yah," Sam Surratt, Milan, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Assemblies of Yahweh,<br/> Jacob Meyer, Bethel, PA: Publishes ''The Sacred Name Broadcaster'' magazine. See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Assemblies of Yahweh (7th day), Cisco, TX: See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Assembly of Scientific Astrologers,<br/> George Cardinal, LeGrosoplin, MO: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Karma|karma]] and [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Assembly of Yahweh, Holt, MI: Founded in 1930, perhaps the oldest of the [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] groups in America. [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]] ''Publishes The Faith''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Assembly of YHW Yoshua, Pueblo, CO: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Associated Readers of Tarot International, Carbondale, IL: [[#Tarot|Tarot]] form of [[#Divination|divination]], [[#Celt|Celtic rituals]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Associates for Scriptural Knowledge, Ernest L. Martin, Portland, OR: Anti-denominational group whose Associates study doctrine through a Home Study Course. Teaches [[#Universalism|universalism]], i.e., that all people will be saved (although not all will experience the first resurrection and live in Christ's millennial kingdom), and the [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] doctrine (Martin claims that the name Yahweh was removed from the Bible by Jerome). Martin was fired by the Foundation for Biblical Research (an [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group in Alhambra, CA) in 1984 for espousing these doctrines. Publishes a "restored" Bible called ''The Manuscript Version of the Bible,'' and ''The ASK Communicator.''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Association for Christian Development, Kenneth Westby Auburn, WA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Association for Past-Life Research and Therapies, Inc. Riverside, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] and [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Association for the Understanding of Man, Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] reading, [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Association of Unity Churches: The denominational structure affiliated with the [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Association Sananda & Sanat Kumara, Mt. Shasta, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling ]] [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Astara, Robert & Evelyn Chaney: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]]Publishes ''Voice of Astara''<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Astral">'''Astral Projection:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occult]] doctrine teaching methods to induce an [[#OBE|out of body experience]] (OBE), in which one's soul (i.e., astral body) departs the physical body, travels to various parts of the universe, then re-enters the body. Usually a "cord" is said to connect the soul and body at all times. Also called astral travel. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Astro Computing Services, San Diego, CA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Astrology:''' An ancient fatalistic system of [[#Divination|divination]] using the position of the planets, moon and sun in the twelve Zodiac positions at the moment of one's birth to gain occult or hidden knowledge of the future. ''[[#profiledivstropro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Astrology and Psychic News,''' N. Hollywood, CA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Atheism">'''Atheism:'''</div> The assertion, to be taken on faith, that there is no God. Some atheists, such as Madalyn Murray-O'Hair, have fought to prevent any recognition of God in public life. See [[#AmAtheists|American Atheists, Inc.]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Atlantic Pagan Council: Association of East Coast pagan [[#Coven|covens]], [[#Magic|magic]], moon festivals, [[#Paganism|paganism]]Publishes the ''Atlantic Pagan Council Amateur Publishers' Association'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Atlantis">'''Atlantis:'''</div> A mythical island/continent said to have sunk beneath the ocean. Purported to have been a highly advanced civilization. New Agers often claim to have recovered lost mystical wisdom and knowledge from Atlantis, sometimes through [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Atman: A term used in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] referring to the eternal or real self and sometimes refering to the principle of life in all things. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="At one ment">'''At-one-ment:'''</div> Term used by several [[#Mind|Mind Science]] or [[#NewThought|New Thought]] religions (such as [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]) referring to the supposed metaphysical unity or "oneness" of human beings and God as demonstrated by [[#Christ|Christ]] Contrast the Christian term "atonement," which refers to Christ's death on the cross as the means by which he reconciled sinful human beings to God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Aum">'''Aum Shinri Kyo,'''</div> Shoko Asahara, Tokyo, Japan: ''Aum'' (a mantra) ''Shinri Kyo'' (Supreme Truth) is the apocalyptic Buddhist sect suspected in the 1995 subway nerve gas murders in Japan. Police raiding cult compounds discovered stockpiles of nerve gas and the basic ingredients of biological warfare. Sect leaders have been charged with abduction and "murder preparation." Aum leader, Chizuo Matsumoto (now called Shoko Asahara), predicted the end of the world between 1997 and 2000. The [[#Dalai|Dalai Lama]], the leader of [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]], has denied Aum claims that Asahara was ever his disciple. The sect has about $29 million in assets and 10,000 disciples in Japan and 30,000 in Russia. The sect has followers in other countries including the U.S. and Australia. On January 18, 2000, the cult announced it was changing its name to [[#Arefu|Arefu]] ([[#Aleph|Aleph]], in English). ''[[#profiledivumpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Aum Supreme Truth: See [[#Aum|Aum Shinri Kyo]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Aura">'''Aura:'''</div> A subtle light or energy field said to surround people or objects. Mystics explain that from the color of the aura, a person's emotional and intellectual moods can be determined. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Author Services, Inc.: Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Automatic">'''Automatic Writing:'''</div> Inspired from the spirit world, the writer has no conscious muscular control of his hands or arms. Found in many [[#Occult|occult]] and [[#New|New Age]] groups. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Avanta Network, Palo Alto, CA: [[#New|New Age]], works by Virginia Satir promoted, positive and negative energies. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Avatar">''Avatar:''</div> Hindu concept of an earthly manifestation of one of the gods in human or animal form, e.g., Krishna is an avatar of Vishnu. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Avatar, Flagstaff, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] seminars similar to [[#Est|est]] and [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]], enables participant to have conscious shift of beliefs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Awake!'' Magazine published by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Awareness Research Foundation, Inc., North Miami, FL: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#ESP|ESP]] and Lord Sananda. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ayurvedic Lifestyle Center, Pearl Miller, Reno, NV: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ayurvedic med">'''Ayurvedic Medicine'''</div>: Promoted by [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] and [[#Chopra|Deepak Chopra]]Teaches the balancing of vibrational centers for health through diet, exercise, herbs, and purification procedures. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="B">'''B'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | Baba, Sai: Indian [[#Guru|guru]], [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]] [[#Yoga| yoga]].
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bahai">'''Bahá'í Faith,'''</div> The, Bahá‘u'lláh: A sect of [[#Islam|Islam]] evolving into a major independent religion with approximately five million believers worldwide. [[#Buddhism|Buddha]], [[#Jesus|Jesus]], Muhammad, Bahá‘u'lláh and others are viewed as a succession of divine messengers. A 19th century Persian teacher, the Báb, (or "Gate") predicted Bahá'u'lláh's coming. Bahá'à advocates a new global order of sexual equality, a one-world economic system to eliminate poverty, and a one-world religion. ''[[#profile/bahaipro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bailey">'''Bailey, Alice:'''</div> Founder of the [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]'' [[#profile/bailypro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Baphomet">'''Baphomet:'''</div> The Goat God, also called the Sabbath Goat, the Great God Pan, Abraxas, Thanateros, or the Horned God. Often used as a symbol of [[#Satan|Satan]], especially in [[#Satanism|Satanism]], and depicted as a [[#Goat|Goat's Head]] symbol, an upside down five-pointed star (cf. [[#Pentagram|pentagram]]), or a man with horns and goat-legs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BaptDead">'''Baptism for the Dead:'''</div> Practice of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) whereby living members are baptized by proxy for people who have died without knowing the LDS [[#Gospel|Gospel]] If these dead persons then accept the LDS gospel while in Spirit Prison, they can potentially attain full salvation or godhood (exaltation). This ceremony is performed only in an LDS Temple. See [[#BaptReg|Baptismal Regeneration]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BaptReg">'''Baptismal Regeneration:'''</div> The belief that regeneration (i.e., the new birth), and therefore salvation or eternal life, is conditioned upon water baptism. Most groups teaching this doctrine also add that proper mode (immersion or sprinkling) and/or proper minister (one authorized by the organization) is necessary. All Christians should be baptized (Matthew 28:19). The teaching that baptism is a prerequisite for salvation, however, is considered by many evangelicals to be a heretical compromise of the biblical gospel of salvation by grace alone (Ephesians 2:8-10). The extreme version of baptismal regeneration, which denies the salvation even of baptized Christians outside some particular church group, is clearly heretical. See [[#SavWorks|Salvation by Works]], [[#SavGrace|Salvation by Grace]], [[#Gospel|Gospel]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Bear Tribe Medicine Society, Spokane, WA: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, medicine wheel, moon ceremonies. <br/>
| + | |
| − | The Beatles: A highly influential rock-and-roll group from the 1960s. In 1966 they became involved in [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]; later both John Lennon and George Harrison repudiated TM. Harrison then became a devotee of [[#ISKCON|ISKCON ]]and recorded his hit single "My Sweet Lord" as a devotion to Lord [[#Krishna|Krishna]]The Beatles are widely credited with increasing the popularity of Eastern religions in the United States. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Believers">'''Believers International'''</div>, Tucson, AZ: Compiling a compendium of all of [[#Branham|William Branham]]'s teachings. Publishes Believer's News. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Bell, Art: Popular late-night radio talk show host. While his Coast to Coast weeknight broadcast and Dreamland weekend broadcast focus on a wide array of New Age and occult issues, as well as many conspiracy theories, one of the most common subjects discussed by guests on the program is [[#UFO|UFOs]]. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Beltane">'''Beltane:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] holiday, also called Walpurgisnacht, celebrated on the night of April 30. Celts are alleged to have conducted fertility rituals and human sacrifice. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Bermuda Triangle: Geographically, the Triangle composes the southwestern quadrant of the North Atlantic, with apexes in Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and in the Gulf of Mexico west of Florida. Some people involved in the occult and [[#UFO|UFO]] studies believe the Triangle is a supernaturally dangerous area, with many ships and airplanes disappearing in the Triangle in the 20th century. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Bernard, David:<br/> A well-known [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] writer and speaker. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Besant">'''Besant, Annie:'''</div> Successor to Madame Blavatsky (founder of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]) who proclaimed Krishnamurti as the Messiah. (Krishnamurti later renounced that role). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Bet Hashem – The House of YHWH, New Haven, IN: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]], man is the offspring of light, conversion is the union with the light. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Beth El Shaddai, Dick Amos, Plano, TX: [[#DualCov|Dual Covenant]] doctrine, denies [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is God. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Beth HaShem, Jacob Hawkins, Odessa, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]], [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], keeps Old Testament feasts and laws for salvation. Publishes ''The Prophetic Watchman'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bhagavad">'''Bhagavad-Gita:'''</div> Meaning "Song of the Lord," this scripture is used in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] and [[#ISKCON|ISKCON]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh: Though this Indian [[#Guru|guru]] is deceased, many followers still practice his unique form of [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]] and sexual [[#Yoga|yoga]] system to gain enlightenment. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Bhakti Yoga: Type of [[#Yoga|yoga]] or spiritual exercise involving devotion to a [[#Guru|guru]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bible">'''Bible:'''</div> Considered scripture by [[#Christianity|Christianity]] Consists of the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian scriptures (New Testament). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Bible Believers, Inc.: See [[#Branham|Branham, William]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Bible Code,'' Michael Drosnin: Bestselling 1997 book teaches that prophecies are hidden in a complex network of letters and words within the Old Testament. Drosnin claims that he attempted to warn Israeli leader Yitzak Rabin of his impending assassination based on a prediction in the biblical code. The theory is a form of [[#numerology|numerology]] and has some associations with the Jewish occultism of the [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Bible Speaks, The: Former name of [[#Greater|Greater Grace World Outreach]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BibleStu">'''Bible Students:'''</div> Various semiautonomous groups that broke away from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] after Joseph Rutherford took control of the organization. Reprints the early writings of Watchtower founder Charles Taze Russell including Divine Plan of the Ages. Groups across the country go under various names (e.g., Fort Worth Bible Students, Chicago Bible Students, etc.). <br/>
| + | |
| − | Bible Talks: Home and campus group studies sponsored by the [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ:'''<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]] denomination. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Bible Way Publications,'''<br/> Ft. Lauderdale, FL: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Biblical Church of God,'''<br/> Santa Cruz, CA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Biblical Research Centers:'''<br/> Regional centers for [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Bind: See [[#Spell|Spell]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Bioenergy: [[#New|New Age]] practice of healing. Balances the life-energy by opening blocked meridians (see [[#Acupuncture|acupuncture]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''BioEnergetic Synchronization Techniques:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] method using the body's life force to heal itself. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Biofeedback:'''<br/> The use of EEG (electroencephalographic) feeback instruments to monitor brain waves and skin resistance with the goal of modification of brain waves. Participants can learn to control heart rates or generate brain wave activity (alpha, beta, and delta) at will to induce [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]Enhances the capacity for relaxation and/or inducing meditative states and physiological control similar to that in [[#yoga|yoga]] and [[#Zen|Zen]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Biointegration, Ross Algelo, Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], body alignment, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Bio-Magnetics:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]], the realigning of magnetic fields allegedly surrounding the body. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''BioPsciences Institute, Minneapolis, MN:'''<br/> [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Black Mass:'''<br/> A ritual in [[#Satanism|Satanism]] that attempts to negate or profane the Catholic Mass. Black candles are used and Catholic prayers recited backwards. Allegedly, the communion is occasionally performed using human blood and flesh. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Black Muslim:'''<br/> Generic term referring to [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]] and related groups. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Black Christian Nationalist Movement:'''<br/> See [[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna:'''<br/> Founder of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Blessed Be:'''<br/> A common greeting used among [[#Wicca|Wiccans]] to invoke or wish happiness and well-being. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BloodAtone">'''Blood Atonement Doctrine:'''</div> The belief, taught by the second Mormon Prophet, Brigham Young, that for certain sins the blood of Christ will not atone and for which the sinner's own blood must be shed to receive forgiveness (''Journal of Discourses,'' Vol. 4, p. 53). No longer taught by [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], the belief is often preached and sometimes practiced by members of [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter groups. To this day, Utah allows condemned murders to face execution by firing squad rather than methods that do not shed the criminal's blood, such as lethal injection or the electric chair. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Blue Lotus,'' Wilmot, WI: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, Eknath Easwaran, Petaluma, CA: [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], uses the ''[[#Bhagavad|Bhagavad-Gita]]''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Blue Rose Ministry, Robert Short, Joshua Tree, CA: [[#UFO|UFOs]], messages from the "space brothers," [[#Channeling|channeling]]Publishes the ''Solar Space-Letter''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Blue Star, Mary Thunder, West Point, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], Spiritual University. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bnai">'''B'nai Noah:'''</div> [[#DualCov|Dual covenant doctrine]], teaches [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is not the Savior of the Jews, Gentiles are to keep the Seven Laws of Noah and study the Torah (or Old Testament) with Jewish Rabbis. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Body, Mind and Soul:''' <br/>Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Body, Mind and Spirit:'''<br/> Providence, RI: [[#New|New Age]] magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Book of Changes:'''<br/> See [[#IChing|I Ching]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BoM">'''Book of Mormon:'''</div> One of the scriptures or "Standard Works" accepted by [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and other sects originating from Joseph Smith, including the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] and various [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] groups. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Book of Shadows: A journal for recording occult activities. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Bookmark, Santa Clarita, CA: [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] splinter group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Borderland Science Research Foundation<br/> Garberville, CA: [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Born">'''Born Again:'''</div> Biblical term used to describe regeneration (John 3:3-7). Some New Age followers teach that the term was Christ's reference to [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] or [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]] In context, Jesus was speaking of a spiritual event effected by God through the Holy Spirit (see verses 6-8) to restore a sinful, fallen human to right relationship with Him (see verses 16-21). See [[#Gospel|Gospel]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Boston Church of Christ: <br/>See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bradshaw">'''Bradshaw, John:'''</div> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] teacher on PBS and author of ''Healing the Inner Child.''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Brahma">'''Brahma:'''</div> The creator and first member of the triad of demigods in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], including Shiva and Vishnu. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Brainwashing">'''Brainwashing:'''</div> Forced indoctrination using various techniques to cause a subject to abandon basic political, social, or religious ideas or beliefs and replace those ideals with a contrasting belief system. A translation of a Chinese word ''xinao,'' "brainwashing" became a popular term to describe the phenomena of radical change in behavior and core beliefs that took place in some prisoners of war held in Chinese camps in the mid-twentieth century. In a more general sense, the word is sometimes used to describe any form of persuasion perceived to be unethical that results in a radical and negative change in personality. See [[#Lifton|Lifton, Robert]], [[#MindControl|Mind Control]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Davidians">'''Branch Davidians,'''</div> Benjamin Roden: Splinter group of the [[#SDA|Seventh Day Adventist Church]] David Koresh (A.K.A. Vernon Howell) was leader from 1984 to 1993. He and many of his most devout followers were killed when their headquarters near Waco, TX, was destroyed by fire in 1993 during a government raid. Taught knowledge of the Seven Seals of the Book of Revelation brought salvation. Many followers still believe Koresh's messianic claims and expect him to be resurrected soon. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Branham">'''Branham, William'''</div> (1909-1965): [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] preacher who claimed he received healing and prophetic powers from an angel. Denied the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], taught the [[#Serpent|serpent seed]] doctrine, and rejected other Pentecostal and traditional Christian churches. "Branhamism" is still taught at the Branham Tabernacle in Jeffersonville, IN, and in many other places around the world. [[#profile/branpro.|Profile]] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Brethren">'''Brethren,'''</div> Jim Roberts: Also known as "the Garbage Eaters," the group follows the teachings of "Brother Evangelist" Roberts. The group requires renouncing both family and worldly possessions in order to earn salvation (see [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]]. Members travel nomadically, earning their nickname because of their practice of eating discarded food. Family members note that Roberts hides relatives, moving the individuals to avoid familial contact. ''Note:'' This group is ''not'' affiliated with the Church of the Brethren, an Anabaptist denomination. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Brinkley, Dannion: As chronicled in his bestseller ''Saved by the Light,'' Brinkley allegedly underwent a [[#NDE|near-death experience]] after being struck by lightning. He teaches people to perform "life reviews" to enhance their perception of life and death and to find their life missions. He operates a hospice organization called Compassion in Action / The Twilight Brigade. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="British">'''British Israelism:'''</div> (Anglo-Israelism/Israelitism) The doctrine that the true identity of modern Israel (or the "ten lost tribes") is Britian and (sometimes) the British colonies (America). The monarchs of England sit on the throne of David. In more extreme forms, Israel is identified with a particular race—usually white Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Scandinavian people. Opposing versions of doctrine teach that Blacks are God's Chosen People, Israel. See [[#ChristianID|Christian Identity Movement]], [[#Serpent|Serpent seed doctrine]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Brotherhood and Order of the Pleroma, Richard Duc de Palatine, Sherman Oaks, CA: [[#New|New Age]] revival of [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], God and man are the same being. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Brotherhood of Eternal Truth, New Albany, IN: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]]Also known as Center of Light and Life. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Brotherhood of Seth, Ellsworth, ME: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], homosexual or homophilic [[#Magic|magic]], teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Brotherhood of the Followers of the Present Jesus, Ann and Peter Meyer, San Diego, CA: [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]] in each person, [[#Channeling|channeling]] and [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Brotherhood of the White Temple, Inc., M. Doreal, Castle Rock, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|occult]] metaphysical teachings, soul illumination, three planes of existence. <br/>
| + | |
| − | The Bruderhof Community: A communal society started in Germany in the 1920s and based on the sixteenth-century Moravian Anabaptist sect of Jacob Hutter, which was part of the Radical Reformation. The group is also called the Society of Brothers and the Hutterian Brethren. The basic theology of the group is [[#Protestantism|Protestant]] but, according to former members and other critics, the group exercises inappropriate control over the members and practices [[#Shunning|shunning]] and other forms of [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Buddha">'''Buddha:'''</div> Siddhartha Gautama Buddha ("enlightened one") was born about 560 BC in northeastern India and, according to legend, received spiritual enlightenment through [[#Meditation|meditation]]During his lifetime, his spiritual insights and teachings became a major alternative to [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] throughout India. Diverse versions of his teachings can be found worldwide today. See [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Buddha's Universal Church, San Francisco, CA: Similar to [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] in theology. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Buddhism">'''Buddhism:'''</div> World religion based on the spiritual teachings of Siddhartha Gautama [[#Buddha|Buddha]] There are a number of versions or sects of Buddhism generally teaching paths to Nirvana (enlightenment or bliss) though the four noble truths (recognizing existence and source of suffering) and the eightfold path (correct understanding, behavior and [[#Meditation|meditation]]. Some variations of Buddhism include traditional Theravada schools of India, Mahayana Buddhism, which became very popular in China and Japan, and [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]] (Lamaism) in Tibet. Two more recent forms that have had great influence in America are [[#Zen|Zen]] and [[#Nichiren|Nichiren Shoshu]] Buddhism. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Builders, Norman Paulsen, Oasis, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], Father-Mother God, enlightenment. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Builders of the Adytum, Paul Foster Case, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]], spiritual [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric[[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Burning Man Festival, Black Rock Desert, NV: An annual festival celebrating [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]] and [[#Satanism|Satanism]] The name comes from the culmination of the festival, in which a wooden man with outstretched arms (resembling a crucifix) is burned by the crowd. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Buzzworm'':<br/> [[#New|New Age]] /environmental periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="C">'''C'''</div> <br/>
| + | |
| − | C.O.B.U.: See [[#BibleUnder|Church of Bible Understanding]].
| + | |
| − | Cabalah: See [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah.]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Caelum Moor, Arlington, TX: Private park (now closed) containing menhirs (large upright stones) similar to those found at Stonehenge. Newspaper reports claim trespassers have used the site for pagan ceremonies. See [[#Stonehenge|Stonehenge]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Campbell">'''Campbell, Joseph:'''</div> Best known for his book and PBS series with [[#Moyers|Bill Moyers]], ''The Power of Myth,'' which teaches all religions are based on common mythological themes, best interpreted through a [[#New|New Age]] world view. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''CAN:''' <br/>See [[#CAN|Cult Awareness Network]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Canfield, Jack: [[#New|New Age]] education author, editor of popular ''Chicken Soup'' books. Very influential in the public school arena. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cantillation Research Foundation,< John Diamond, Valley Cottage, NY: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], All is God, All is Mother. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''CARP:'''<br/> See [[#CARP|Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Castaneda, Carlos:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author of ''The Teachings of Don Juan'' series. He helped popularize [[#NatAm|Native American[[#Shamanism|shamanism]], the hallucinogenic [[#Peyote|peyote]], and [[#New|New Age]] [[#Occult|occultism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Castle Rising,'''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] impressions, moon festivals, [[#Crystal|crystals]] Publishes the ''Castle Rising'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Catholicism:<br/> See [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''CAUSA:'''<br/> Organization affiliated with the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cayce">'''Cayce, Edgar:'''</div> See [[#Research|Association For Research and Enlightenment]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Celestine">'''Celestine Prophecy, The:'''</div> A best-selling [[#New|New Age]] book by [[#Redfield|James Redfield]] that teaches enlightenment through the fictional "Nine Insights" contained in secret manuscripts written by Maya natives in the jungles of Peru. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Celt">'''Celticism, Celts:'''</div> The Celts were a group of related tribes whose territory extended throughout Europe early in the first millennium AD, but who are most commonly associated with the British Isles. The Celts worshipped local deities (frequently associated with nature), often served by a priestly class of [[#Druid|Druids]]Human sacrifice was important to Druidic religion. Modern [[#Neopagan|neo-pagans]] frequently claims to be Celtic, although the modern beliefs and practices bear little resemblance to ancient Celticism. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Celtic Christianity:'''<br/> Augustine of Canterbury evangelized England in the late 6th ? early 7th centuries. His work was later taken by Patrick to Ireland, who is largely credited with establishing the Celtic church. Celtic Christianity was heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church, to which it was allied, although many individuals claim a greater reverence for nature in the Celtic tradition. Differences in practice within the Celtic church were gradually eradicated during the Middle Ages as the Roman papacy asserted its authority over Ireland. Modern groups that claim to revive Celtic Christianity are frequently a mixture of [[#Protestantism|Protestantism]] and [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]], with few legitimate ties to the early Celtic church. Nonetheless, these groups should not be confused with [[#Neopagan|neo-pagan]] groups that also claim to be Celtic. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Center for Action and Contemplation, Albuquerque, NM: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Enneagram|Enneagram]] workshops. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Center for Advanced Communication and Training, Carrollton, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Center for Alternate Realities,'''<br/> Durango, CO: [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysics]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Tarot|Tarot Cards]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Palm|palm reading]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Center for Personal and Planetary Empowerment,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Center For Spiritual Awareness,'''<br/> Roy Eugene Davis, Lakemont, GA: [[#New|New Age]], enlightenment, man's higher self, cosmic-consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Center for Studies on New Religions,'''<br/> Massimo Introvigne, Torino, Italy: Introvigne studies new and alternative religious groups. He and his work, which is frequently supportive of new religions, are often used by alternative religious groups to support their activities when pursuing governmental recognition. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Center for Wisdom Spirituality,'''<br/> Paradise, PA: [[#Universalism|Universalism]]Publishes the ''Interconnections'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Center for World Networking,'''<br/> Soguel, CA: [[#UFO|UFO]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], Universal Energy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Center">'''Center of the Light,'''</div> Great Barrington, MA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#NatAm|Native American]] religions, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]]Publishes ''The Light Journal''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Centers Network:'''<br/> See [[#Est|est]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Centre de Recherche sur l'Energie Humaine Universelle (CREHU): See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Centric,'' Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cesar">'''Cesar,'''</div> San Antonio, TX: Assistant to [[#Papa|Papa Jim]][[#Occult|Occult[[#Spell|spells]], hexes, curses, [[#Voodoo|voodoo]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Chakras">'''Chakras:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], said to be centers for cosmic energy in the human body that are aligned to allow the [[#Kundalini|Kundalini energy]] to proceed from the base of the spine to the top of the forehead. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Champaign-Urbana Church of Christ:<br/> Member, [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Channeling">'''Channeling:'''</div> New Age term for the [[#Occult|occult]] practice of [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]] (also called trance channeling). Spirit beings, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], deceased humans, [[#FamSpirit|familiar spirits]], or animal spirits allegedly communicate important messages by temporarily entering the body and controlling the voice of a host (channel or [[#Medium|medium]]). Most channelers give the same basic message, that man is a God. ''[[#profile/chanpro.htm|Profile]]''available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chapel of Prayer''',<br/> Eleanor Button, Houston, TX: [[#Psychic|Psychic]] readings, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], self-healing [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Cheetham, John:'''<br/> See [[#Great" lakes="|Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChenTao">'''Chen Tao,'''</div> Hon-ming Chen (The Right Way, God's Salvation Church, God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation): [[#Apocalypse|Apocalyptic]] Taiwanese [[#UFO|UFO]] group that drew international media attention when they predicted that God would descend to their Garland, TX, headquarters in a flying saucer on March 31, 1998. Publishes ''Practical Evidence and Study of the World of God and Buddha, God's Descending in Clouds (Flying Saucers) on Earth to Save People.'' [[#LostArticles/chentao.htm|Additional articles and press releases available]]'' [[#profile/chentaopro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Chi">'''Chi:'''</div> Invisible energy or force alleged to make up the universe and flow through all living things via meridians or [[#Chakras|chakras]]See [[#Taoism|Taoism]], [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]], [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chicago Bible Students,''' <br/>Chicago, IL: Largest and best known of the independent "Bible student" groups. Reprints the early writings of [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] founder Charles Taze Russell, including ''Divine Plan of the Ages.''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Children of God:'''<br/> See [[#Family|The Family (Children of God)]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chinmaya International Foundation,'''<br/> Swami Chinmayananda, Piercy, CA: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''MU News''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chinmoy, Sri:'''<br/> [[#Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chinook Learning Center,'''<br/> Fritz and Vivienne Hull, Clinton, WA: [[#NatAm|Native American]] Earth-Spirit philosophy, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], called one of the most important [[#New|New Age]] centers. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chiromancy:'''<br/> See [[#Palm|Palm Reading]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chiropractic Medicine:'''<br/> A [[#Holistic|holistic health]] practice whereby practitioners use a form of manipulative therapy to treat musculoskeletal problems. While many chiropractors are not engaging in alternative religious activities via their practice, critics claim that some chiropractors engage in chiropractic medicine in accordance with the [[#Taoism|Taoist]] principle of facilitating the flow of [[#Chi|chi]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Choice Experience, A,'''<br/> Jerry Stocking, Chetek, WI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]], "other-than-consciousness" techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Choosing Light,''' <br/> Mill Valley, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], telepathic communication from Higher Dimension Guides and teachers. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Chopra">'''Chopra, Deepak''':</div> Noted [[#New|New Age]] and health author and lecturer. See [[#Ayurvedicmed|Ayurvedic Medicine]]''[[#profile/choprapro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Christ">'''Christ:'''</div> Based on the Greek ''christos'' meaning "anointed one," equivalent to the Hebrew "messiah." Generally used in the Old Testament of one who has been anointed with oil and/or set apart for a specific mission, as was David, the king of Israel (see 1 Sam. 16:13). Specifically used to speak of the promised messiah/savior of Israel and the world. Christians believe this to be [[#Jesus|Jesus]] of Nazareth, who died to atone for human sin. Other religions believe in a succession of Christ figures through history, sometimes including Jesus, who were great teachers. New Age groups sometimes understand the term "Christ" as a reference to the deity found in all humanity (the Cosmic Christ). Thus, Jesus was conscious of his deity or "the Christ within" and others can have this same "[[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]" by realizing that they, too, are divine. Other religious leaders have historically claimed to hold the office or ministry of Christ including [[#Unification|Unification Church]] founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon. Biblical warnings are given for "false Christs" (Mark 13:22). Scripture also speaks of an antichrist and of antichrists who stand against and/or instead of the true Christ (1 John 2:18). <br/>
| + | |
| − | Christ Cathedral for Divine Abundance,<br/> Alexius Bassey, London: [[#Universalism|Universalism]], Divine Consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChristCon">'''Christ-consciousness:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] term expressing the belief that [[#Christ|Christ]] is a divine potential in all human beings of which only some people are aware or conscious, rather than a unique title for [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christ Family,'''<br/> Charles McHugh: McHugh, a.k.a. Lightening Amen, claims to be the incarnation of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]Followers dress in robes, no shoes, practice vegetarianism. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christ Light Community:'''<br/> See [[#ChurchTruth|New Age Church of Truth]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christ the Savior Brotherhood: '''<br/>See [[#HolyOrderofMans|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christadelphianism,'''<br/> John Thomas: Teaches that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is a created being, Holy Spirit is Power of God, and [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]Also rejects the ideas of heaven and hell. It has several splinter groups. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Community:'''<br/> Based on teachings of Rudolf Steiner, founder of the [[#Anthro|Anthroposophical Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Fellowship, The:'''<br/> See [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Foundation,'''<br/> Canyon County, CA: See [[#Alamo|Alamo Christian Foundation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Christian ID">'''Christian Identity movement:'''</div> The belief that the true identity of the ten lost tribes of Israel is the white, Anglo-Saxon race. The belief is similar to but distinct from the doctrine of [[#British|British Israelism]] A number of independent churches and organizations (including some militant racist groups) make up the general movement. Most deny the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]Some teach a form of the [[#Serpent|Serpent Seed]] doctrine, believing that Jews are descendants of Eve's alleged sexual relations with the serpent (Genesis 3) and are thus not fully human. Many also hold that non-Whites are descended from the union of Cain and a woman from a supposed pre-Adamite race. ''[[#profile/Identitypro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Millennial Fellowship,'''<br/> Hartford, CT: [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] splinter group (see [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]]). Publishes ''The New Creation'' periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Prayer Center,'''<br/> Mother Martin, Washington, D.C.: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]] and rituals, [[#Voodoo|voodoo]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Renewal Ministry''',<br/> Saratoga, CA: [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] splinter group (see [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Christian Rose Cross Church,'''<br/> Olympia, WA: Based on the teachings of Max Heindel (see [[#RosiFellow|Rosicrucian Fellowhip]]), [[#CosmicChrist|Cosmic Christ]], [[#Universalism|Universal]] religion. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChristScience">'''Christian Science,'''</div> Mary Baker Eddy, Boston, MA: Officially called Church of Christ, Scientist. Eddy's teaching heavily indebted to [[#Quimby|Phineas P. Quimby]], a [[#Mesmerism|mesmerist]] Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures functions as a virtual second canon of Scripture. Views God as infinite Mind, "the animating divine Principle of all that is real and good." Matter is unreal; thus, so are sickness and death, which are overcome by believing that we are Mind. Seeking medical help is discouraged, frequently resulting in preventable deaths. [[#Christ|Christ]] is "the divine manifestation of God" most fully seen in Jesus, who only seemed to die. The "Holy Ghost" is Divine Science, that is, Christian Science. The orthodox doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] is rejected as polytheistic. Many New Age ideas have historical roots in Christian Science and related [[#Mind|Mind Science]] groups. [[#profile/ChrSciProfile.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Christianity">'''Christianity,'''</div> Jesus Christ: Major world religion developed in the first century AD based on the belief that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] of Nazareth was the promised Messiah or [[#Christ|Christ]] of Israel. Followers, called Christians, were initially viewed as a sect of [[#Judaism|Judaism]] It quickly developed as a separate religion as Jewish Christians became outnumbered by non-Jewish converts and, through a strong missionary emphasis, Christianity became a diverse worldwide movement. Their scripture is the Bible, which contains the Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament) and the Christian Scriptures (New Testament). Except for [[#Cult|cults]], aberrant sects, and [[#LibChrist|Liberal Christianity]], those who claim to be Christians have historically believed the following: There is only one true God eternally revealed in three distinct Persons - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]). Human beings are sinners who (without the grace of God received through faith in Christ) are eternally lost. Jesus, who is God in the flesh, died on the cross and rose physically from the dead as the sole and sufficient payment for the sins of humanity. See [[#Gospel|Gospel]], [[#Born|Born Again]], [[#FundChrist|Fundamental Christianity]], [[#EvanChrist|Evangelical Christianity]], [[#Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]], [[#OrthChrist|Orthodox Christianity]], [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]], [[#SavGrace|Salvation by Grace]], [[#SavWorks|Salvation by Works]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Christward Ministry,<br/> Escondido, CA: [[#New|New Age]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chrysalis''':<br/> [[#Swedenborg|Swedenborg Foundation]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Chuang-tzu:'''<br/> Legendary founder of [[#Taoism|Taoism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church, The,'''<br/> Jim Roberts: See [[#Brethren|Brethren]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church at San Diego''',<br/> Paul and Patrica Carroll: Current leaders Vincent and Patricia Izacic (a.k.a. Xavier). [[#Shepherding|Shepherding]], [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church For Positive Living,'''<br/> Dean Davis Bedford, TX: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], creative [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church in York''',<br/> Bernard Haygood, York, PA: [[#Shepherding|Shepherding]], [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of All Worlds,'''<br/> Otter Zell, Berkeley, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]]/[[#Paganism|Pagan theology]]Publishes the ''Green Egg'' periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="BibleUnder">'''Church of Bible Understanding (C.O.B.U.):'''</div> A controversial network of churches, headquartered in New York, that historically has been charged with [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]] due to [[#Legalism|legalism]], undue influence, and control mechanisms. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ:'''<br/> See [[#COC|Churches of Christ]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ-Consciousness:'''<br/> See [[#Center|Center of the Light]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ Jesus:'''<br/> See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ, Scientist:'''<br/> Official name for [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ, Temple Lot,'''<br/> Granville Hedrick, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ with the Elijah Message,'''<br/> Otto Fetting, Independence, MO: Splinter group that broke away from the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Christ with the Elijah Message,''' <br/>Greenwood, MO: 1998 splinter group from Otto Fetting's group of the same name. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Cosmic Origin,'''<br/> Hope Troxell, June Lake, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Community, Cosmic Christianity, additional scripture includes ''The Book of Enoch''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Divine Influence:'''<br/> Alignment with the Divine Will of the Wise Movement of the Universe. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Essential">'''Church of Essential Science,'''</div> Scottsdale, AZ: [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], cosmic laws of Divine spark to achieve salvation, God was All in the beginning. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Yada" id="Yada">'''Church of E Yada di Shi-ite,'''</div> Mark Probert, Mountain View, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#UFO|UFO]] contactee. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Freethought:'''<br/> A social organization for atheists that provides the opportunities for socializing, community service, and social support offered by theistic churches. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God and True Holiness,'''<br/> Robert Carr, Raleigh, NC: Allegedly practice slavery and [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="CGEA">'''Church of God Evangelistic Association,'''</div> David J. Smith, Richardson, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. Denies [[#Trinity|Trinity]], personality of the Holy Spirit, and the bodily resurrection. Teaches [[#Annihilationism|annihilationism]], salvation by law-keeping, [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], and that man can become a member of "the God family" (Godhead). Publishes ''Newswatch Magazine'' and ''Newswatch'' radio and television programs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God, (Abrahamic Faith),'''<br/> Wenatchee, WA: [[#Adventism|Adventist]] group, similar to the [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] groups; rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], teaches [[#Annihilationism|annihilationism]]Publishes ''Notes For Bible Students'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God Family Counseling Center,'''<br/> William Miller, Dallas, TX: Miller claims to be the savior. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God General Conference,''' <br/>Oregon, IL: Rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]Main headquarters for the Church of God, Abrahamic Faith. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="COGI">'''Church of God, International,'''</div> Garner Ted Armstrong, Tyler, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Armstrong recently stepped down from his top leadership position amidst allegations of sexual misconduct and litigation. Publishes the ''International News'' and ''Twentieth Century Watch'' periodicals. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of God Philadelphia Era,<br/> David Fraser, Pasadena, CA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes the ''Proclaim Liberty'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God (Seventh Day),''' <br/>Denver, CO: One of the older [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarian]] churches in America. Publishes ''Bible Advocate''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God, Seventh Day''',<br/> Caldwell, ID: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Sabbath and Feast days; baptism necessary for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]). Publishes ''The Herald of Truth'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God (7th Day) Salem,'''<br/> WV: Rejects the Trinity; teaches [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Feast days and Sabbath; baptism required for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]]). Publishes ''The Advocate of Truth'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of God, The Eternal,'''<br/> Raymond C. Cole, Eugene, OR: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group; [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]; observes Sabbath and Feast Days. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of Hakeem,<br/> Hakeem Rasheed, Oakland, CA: Teaches how the god within makes people rich. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Illumination,'''<br/> Quartertown, PA: [[#New|New Age]], Divine Spark in all humans, [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], similar to [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Israel''',<br/> Day Gayman, <br/>Schell City, MO: Radical [[#Identity|Christian Identity]] movement sect. Publishes ''The Watchman''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LDS">'''Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The,'''</div> Joseph Smith, Salt Lake City, UT: (Latter-day Saints, LDS, Mormonism) Main body of Mormonism; recognizes Brigham Young as Smith's successor. Smith claimed that the Father and Son appeared to him and called him to restore the true Church. LDS Church teaches that God the Father was once a man and was exalted to Godhood. God (and his heavenly Wife) begat billions of spirit children, the firstborn of whom was Jesus. Lucifer was the leader of God's rebellious spirit children. Those spirits who did not rebel become human beings in order to begin process potentially leading to exaltation to Godhood. Jesus, however, became a God while only a spirit. He organized our world and is Jehovah, the God of Israel. He is a separate and subordinate God to Elohim, the Father. A distinction is made between the Holy Ghost, who is a personage of Spirit, and the Holy Spirit. The latter is a divine energy, force, or spiritual essence that fills the universe and is used by all three members of the Godhead in the exercise and accomplishment of their will. The Church rejects the orthodox doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]It also redefines [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] to refer simply to resurrection. Almost all humans will be resurrected into one of three kingdoms of glory, the least of which is far superior to anything known in this life. Entry into the higher kingdoms, and one's rank there, depends not only upon the atonement of Christ, but also upon one's good works. Achievement of the highest potential within the highest kingdom—Godhood—requires complete "obedience to all the laws and ordinances of the gospel." The ''Bible, Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price,'' and ''Doctrine and Covenants'' are all considered scripture. Publishes ''Church News'' and ''Ensign'' magazine. ''[[#profile/ldspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. [[#mormonm.htm|Research material]] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Jesus Power,'''<br/> E.S. Cooke, Sr., Boulder City, NV: [[#Astral|Astral projection]] via "Jesus Powered Sakraments" (sic) which changes man's electro-magnetic polarity. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Light,'''<br/> Elbert Benjamin, Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Associated with the ???[[#BrotherLight|Brotherhood of Light]], rejects heaven and hell. Atonement to be found in each person's own path. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of Metaphysical Christianity,<br/> Russell Flexer, Sarasota, FL: [[#New|New Age]], Jesus is [[#Ascended|Ascended Master]], Creation by Vibrations. Publishes ''Metaphysical Messenger'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Apostolic Faith:<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] church. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of Perfect Liberty,<br/> Tokuchika Tokuhara, Glendale, CA: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], man is manifestation of god. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Church of Satan">'''Church of Satan,'''</div> Anton Szandor LaVey, San Francisco, CA: [[#Satanism|Satanism]], [[#Occult|occult]], incantations, festival days include Spring equinox and [[#Halloween|Halloween]]LaVey, author of the ''Satanic Bible'', founded the church in 1966 and died in 1997 after which a struggle for leadership ensued between LaVey's daughters, Karla and Zeena, and his long-term live-in partner, Blanche Barton. Eventually, Barton became the Church of Stan High Priestess and she later appointed Peter H. Gilmore to be High Priest. As of early 2002, Peggy Nadramia joined Gilmore, her husband, in leadership with the Church of Satan with Nadramia serving as High Priestess. Barton is now serving in a lesser role as Magistra Templi Rex. The church has claimed as many 10,000 members. LaVey, a former lion tamer, organist, hypnotist, psychic, artist, and photographer. Like the vast majority of Satanists, he did not believe in a literal, personal devil, but turned to Satanic imagery to provoke a reaction and illustrate his disdain for Christianity. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Scientology">'''Church of Scientology,'''</div> L. Ron Hubbard: Humans are immortal spiritual beings whose experience extends beyond a single lifetime ([[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]), and whose capabilities are unlimited, though presently imprisoned by matter, energy, space, and time (MEST). Salvation is the recovery of spiritual freedom, ability, independence and serenity, including freedom from the endless cycle of birth and death (reincarnation), and full awareness and ability independent of the body, i.e., being "able to control matter, energy, space, and time." These god-like powers are achieved through auditing, a process whereby "engrams," (the mental recordings of past moments of pain and unconsciousness), and other barriers to such states are removed, abilities are regained, and greater awareness achieved. Auditing can last for years and may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Teachings are also advanced through affiliated business management companies such as [[#Sterling|Sterling Management Systems]], the drug prevention program [[#Narcanon|Narcanon]], and in public schools though [[#WayHap|Way to Happiness]] The writings and recorded spoken words of L.Ron Hubbard (contained in over 500,000 pages of writings and over 2,000 tape-recorded public lectures) constitute the scripture of the religion, his book ''Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health'' being foundational. Scientology publishes several magazines including ''Advance, High Winds,'' and ''Source;'' also several newspapers and newsletters including ''The Auditor, Tech News, KSW News'' and the ''FSM Newsletter'' Scientology has a history of alleged abuse and illegal activities, and is fighting legal battles in countries all over the world. ''[[#profile/sientpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. [[#LostArticles/scientm.htm|Research material]] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Seven Arrows,'''<br/> Wheatridge, CO: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Paganism|paganism]]Publishes ''Thunderbow II'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the Brigade of Light,'''<br/> Charlotte, NC: Divine Mother in everyone, [[#Jesus|Jesus]] called the Gentle Brother, [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysical]] philosophy. Publishes the ''Crystals of Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of the Final Judgement:<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChurchFirstborn">'''Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times, The,'''</div> Joel LeBaron, Colonia LeBaron, Chihuahua, Mexico: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group organized in 1956 by Joel LeBaron, who was assassinated in 1972, allegedly by his brother Ervil, who formed a rival splinter group, [[#ChurchLamb|The Church of the Lamb of God]]The assassination was allegedly carried out on the grounds of the [[#BloodAtone|Blood Atonement Doctrine]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of the Great God, John Ritenbaugh<br/> Charlotte, NC: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes the ''Forerunner'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChurchLamb">'''Church of the Lamb of God, The,''' </div> Ervil LeBaron, Salt Lake City, UT: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group formed in 1974 by Ervil LeBaron, who was removed from [[#ChurchFirstborn|The Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times]] following accusations that he was responsible for his brother's assassination. The church has also been suspected in the deaths of other rival [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalists]], including Rulon Allred, founder of the [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]]LaBaron died in a Utah State Prison in 1981. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days,<br/> Bang-ik Ha, Seoul, Korea: Predicted [[#Jesus|Jesus]] would return on October 28, 1992. See [[#False|False Prophecy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="High">'''Church of the Most High God,'''</div> Marvel, TX: God the Father is male and the Holy Spirit is female or God the Mother. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of the Most High Goddess,<br/> Mary Ellen Tracy, Los Angeles, CA: Revival of Egyptian religions, temple priestess, salvation through sexual relations. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="MSIA">'''Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (MSIA)''',</div> John-Roger Hinkins, Santa Monica, CA: [[#New|New Age]], seminars, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], spirit guide/possession, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], chanting, [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the New Birth:'''<br/> See [[#Foundation|Foundation Church of Divine Truth]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the New Jerusalem:'''<br/> See [[#Swedenborg|Swedenborg Foundation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the Plains Indians:'''<br/> [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the Tree of Life,'''<br/> San Francisco, CA: No doctrine of God, sin, etc., only doctrine is anything goes within legal limits. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of the Trinity,'''<br/> A. Stuart Otto, San Marcos, CA: [[#New|New Age]]; By Jesus' C.E.R.A. (Crucifixion, Entombment, Resurrection and Ascension) he imparted his Consciousness into the psyche of all. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="CWEL">'''Church of the White Eagle Lodge,'''</div> Jean LeFevre, Montgomery, TX: Divine or Christ light in each person, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes ''Newsletter for The Americas''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Universal Love,'''<br/> Linda Foreman, El Paso, TX: Similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] Movement, use teachings of St. Germain, [[#Channeling|channeling]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes ''Cosmic Channelling'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Church of Unlimited Devotion:'''<br/> Worships Jerry Garcia of the rock-and-roll band, The Greatful Dead. They believe Garcia's guitar is a channel for God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Church of Y,<br/> Tylwyth Teg, <br/>Smyrna, GA: [[#Paganism|Pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChurchUni">'''Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT),'''</div> Mark Prophet, Corwin Springs, MT: [[#New|New Age]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], God-consciousness, similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement. Currently led by Elizabeth Clare Prophet. [[#profile/unipro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="COC">'''Churches of Christ:'''</div> The independent Churches of Christ movement was one of several associations and denominations that developed from Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott and Barton W. Stone's restoration movement of the early 19th century, which was designed to promote unity among Protestants. Many (but not all) Churches of Christ today, however, differ from traditional Protestant doctrine in two key areas. Many maintain that water baptism and/or other commandments (rather than [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith alone) are a requirement for salvation (see [[#BaptReg|Baptismal regeneration]], [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]]). Some also believe that today's Churches of Christ are the only true churches on earth and that they can literally trace their history to the first century church in Jerusalem. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Circle,'''<br/> Madison, WI: Pagan newspaper. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Circle Network News'''<br/> Mt. Horeb, WI: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. Publishes the ''Circle Network News'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Circle of Life,<br/> Dorothy Espiau, Houston, TX: Healing planet Earth, forces of Divinity, [[#Crystal|crystals]], believes dolphins are alien beings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Circle of Light,'''<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Circle of Light, Inc.,'''<br/> Honolulu, HI: [[#New|New Age]], follows Lord Michael, astral planes, [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''City of the Sun Foundation,'''<br/> Columbus, NM: [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Karma|karma]], man is part of God , man is perfect. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Clairvoyance">'''Clairvoyance:'''</div> The supposed paranormal ability to "see" [[#Psychic|psychic]] information, including historical or future events or other phenomena, that cannot be discerned naturally through the five material senses. See [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#Divination|Divination]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Cleage,'''<br/> Albert B., Jr.:<br/> See "[[#PanAfrican|Pan African Orthodox Christian Church]]". <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Clifford E. Hobbs Foundation''',<br/> Newport, WA: Hedonistic theology. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cognitive">'''Cognitive Dissonance:'''</div> A mental, emotional, or psychological state which results from attempting to hold two totally incompatible beliefs or opposing attitudes at the same time. See [[#DoubleBind|Double Bind]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cole-Whittaker">'''Cole-Whittaker, Terry:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] guru, teachings derive from [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''College of Divine Metaphysics''',<br/> Joseph Garduno, Glendora, CA: [[#New|New Age]], metaphysical teaching. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="CARP">'''Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles (CARP):'''</div> College and University outreach of Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Comfort Corner Church,<br/> Lawrenceville, GA: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Common Boundary,'''<br/> Chevy Chase, MD: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Communion Letter,'''<br/> San Antonio, TX: [[#UFO|UFO]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ComChrist">'''Community of Christ,'''</div> Joseph Smith, III, Independence, MO: Smaller of the two main groups that originated from Joseph Smith's alleged restoration of the true church. When Smith died, those who accepted Brigham Young as Smith's successor followed him west to Utah; they are known as [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS). Those who rejected Young and accepted Smith's son, Joseph Smith, III, remained in Missouri and became known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS). The doctrines of the two groups eventually became radically different. On April 6, 2001, the name of the RLDS group was officially changed to ''Community of Christ.'' The Community of Christ church has a slightly different version of the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants, and they reject the Pearl of Great Price as scripture. They do not hold to many of the LDS distinctive doctrines, including the polygamy of the 19th century LDS Church and the LDS belief (still held) that God was once a man. In recent years the church has experienced divisions, with more conservative [[#Restoration|Restoration Branches]] becoming independent. Historically, the RLDS—now Community of Christ—church also has had a leader who was a direct descendant of the Mormon founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. The current leader and prophet of the movement, Grant McMurray, was the first exception to this practice. ''[[#profile/rldspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Community of Jesus,'''<br/> Orleans, MS: Thought to be involved in [[#Shepherding|shepherding]] and [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Concept Therapy,'''<br/> Thurman Fleet, San Antonio, TX: [[#New|New Age]], stress management seminars, book title ''Rays Of The Dawn''Publishes ''The Beamer'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ConcernedChristians">'''Concerned Christians,'''</div> Monte Kim Miller, <br/>Denver, CO: Ironically, begun in the early 1980s as a [[#Christianity|Christian]] ministry to expose [[#Cult|cults]] and false teaching, Miller's organization began to take on cult-like characteristics in later years. Becoming increasingly controversial and bizarre, Miller's group drew national media attention in 1998 when over 50 followers fled the Denver area and disappeared after Miller predicted the [[#Apocalypse|Apocalypse]] was to begin and that Denver was to be destroyed by an earthquake on October 10. Miller, who claims to be one of the two end-time prophets mentioned in the Revelation 11, published ''Report from Concerned Christians'' and ''Take Heed Update''Produced ''Our Foundation'' radio program. This group is not to be confused with the Mesa, Arizona-based Concerned Christians, a Christian ministry to Mormons led by Jim Robertson. ''[[#profile/concernedchristianspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Conciliation Ministries''',<br/> Dusean Berkich Lawrence, KS: Conversion should be inward to self, not to [[#Jesus|Jesus]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Confraternity of Deists,'''<br/> Homosassa Springs, FL: Reject sin, no need for a Savior, no consciousness after death. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Confucianism,'''<br/> Chiu King (King Fu-tzu or Confucius - "Kung the Master"): A world religion based on the teachings of Chiu King who, according to tradition, was born in Lu, China about 550 BC Chiu King promoted peace and social harmony through the traditions of the ancestors. He is said to have collected, edited and written commentaries on four ancient manuscripts (including the [[#IChing|''I Ching'']]). He also wrote ''Ch'un Ch'iu'' ("The Annals of Spring and Autumn") These documents comprise the Five Classics and along with the Four Books (a collection of his sayings) form the basis of Confucianism. Doctrines include ancestor worship, devotion to family elders, and right conduct based on the inherent goodness of man. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Congregation of God,<br/> San Jose, CA: See [[#Answers|Answers Research and Education]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Congregation of God Seventh Day,<br/> John Pinkston: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] break-off group. Publishes ''The Herald'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Congregation of the Firstborn,<br/> Raymond Glenn, Grapeland, TX: Teaches that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is not God; also [[#Sabbatarianism|sabbatarianism]], festival keeping. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Congregation of Yahweh,<br/> Pittsburgh, PA: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]] group, [[#Sabbatarianism|sabbatarianism]], Old Testament feast days and dietary laws kept, the Holy Spirit is the power of God. Publishes ''The Restoration Message'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Conscious Development of Body, Mind, and Soul:<br/> Organization of [[#Hoffman|Teri Hoffman]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Conscious Living Foundation,<br/> Drain, OR: [[#New|New Age]], states of consciousness, [[#Visualization|visualization]]Publishes the ''Gentle Place and Quiet Space'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Consciousness Connection,<br/> Las Cruces, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Constellation,<br/> Elton Powers, Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], African spirituality, animal spirituality, [[#Yoga|yoga]] for pets. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Contemplations, Inc.,<br/> Ed Heinemann, Durango, CO: The Universe is alive and speaks. Life is crystalized light. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Continuum Foundation,<br/> Chino Valley, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], dynamic energies, consciousness raising teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cooneyites">'''Cooneyites'''</div> (Go Preachers, No Name Church, Two by Twos): Meet in homes. [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is only part human and part God. Holy Spirit empowered Jesus to live sinless life and can do the same for any person. [[#SavWorks|Salvation by works]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Cornerstone,<br/> Jim Rector, <br/>Texarkana, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. Publishes ''Cornerstone''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Corporation of the President of the Fundamentalist Church,<br/> Rulon T. Jeffs, Sandy, Utah: [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group of between eight and twelve thousand members. The group has a strong presence in Hilldale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona (once known as Short Creek), which was the site of a government effort to prosecute polygamists in 1953. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Corp Pres Elder Apostolic United Brethren">'''Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren''',</div> Rulon Allred, Bluffdale, UT: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group of between five and eight thousand members in Idaho, Nevada, Montana and the United Kingdom. Allred was murdered in 1977 by members of a rival Mormon Fundamentalist sect. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmerism:<br/> Mixture of [[#Christianity|Christianity]] and [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]], but embraces all religions as having truth. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmic Awareness Communications,<br/> Olympia, WA: [[#New|New Age]], channeling the Force which also spoke through [[#Jesus|Jesus]], [[#Krishna|Krishna]] and Edgar Cayce (see [[#Research|Association for Research and Enlightenment]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Cosmic Christ">'''Cosmic Christ:'''</div> See [[#Christ|Christ]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmic Communication Commune,<br/> Decorah, IA: All religions have same common roots, communication from the cosmic Spirit. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmic Light of Peace Center:<br/> See [[#Bread|House of Divine Bread]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmic Science Research Foundation,<br/> Edward Palmer, Portland, OR: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFO]] information given by Hierarchical Intelligence on the various planes of consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cosmic Wisdom,<br/> Clark Wilkerson, Honolulu, HI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbala]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#ESP|ESP]], cosmic consciousness, Universal Mind.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Council of Light,<br/> Honolulu, HI: [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], similar to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement; [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Council of the Magickal Arts,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, ritual [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Course|]]''Course in Miracles, A,''<br/> Helen Schucman: [[#New|New Age]] book given through the [[#Channeling|channeled]] voice of "[[#Jesus|Jesus]]." The world, sin, and sickness are all illusions. Teaches that man is still in heaven with God and this life is a dream. ''[[#profile/mirclpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Coven|]]Coven:<br/> A group two or more people (ideally thirteen) practicing witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]) or occult arts. Also called a clan. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Coven Gardens,<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], revival of Egyptian deities. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Covered Bridge Canyon, <br/>Spanish Fork, UT: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism, ]][[#Channeling|channeling]], denies reality of death. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Covey|]]Covey, Stephen:<br/> [[#LDS|Mormon]] author with [[#New|New Age]] affinities. Author of the best-selling, ''7 Habits of Highly Effective People,'' and several sequels. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Creation Calendar,<br/> Verlis W. Johnson, Kermit, TX: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], necessity of keeping the Law, Feast Days, etc., for salvation (see [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Creme" id="Creme|]]Creme, Benjamin:<br/> See [[#Tara|Tara Center]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Crossroads Church of Christ:<br/> See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Crowley">'''Crowley, Aleister:'''</div> An English magician and [[#Occult|Occultist]] Crowley (1875–1947) was known for sex magic, homosexual rituals, and a fascination with drugs, blood and torture. Headed the British branch of [[#OTO|Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO)]], founded the [[#Thelema|Abbey of Thelema]] at Cefalu in Sicily. Author of ''Diary of a Drug Fiend'' and ''Magick in Theory and Practice''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Crusade of Innocence:<br/> Believed to be a splinter group of [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgment]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Chrysalis Foundation,<br/> Durango, CO: [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysical]] and [[#Holistic|holistic healing]] center. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Crystals Consciousness, Warren Klausner<br/> San Diego, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] healing, [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], [[#Iridology|iridology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Crystal Horizons,<br/> Santa Barbara, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Crystallomancy:<br/> [[#Divination|Divination]] or fortune telling by gazing into a crystal rock or crystal ball. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Crystal Pathway,''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|Occult]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Crystal">'''Crystals:'''</div> Many though not all New Agers believe that gems (especially Crystals) possess mystical, [[#Esoteric|esoteric]], spiritual powers to bring the bearer health, wealth and good fortune. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cult:<br/> See the [[#Cult|Definitions]] section in the introduction. ''[[#profiles/patterns-in-the-cults/|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="CAN">'''Cult Awareness Network (CAN):'''</div> Headed by Cynthia Kisser and based in Chicago, IL, this was once the largest secular cult watch organization or anti-cult group in America. According to Kisser, between 1991 and 1996 CAN was the victim of approximately 50 lawsuits directly or indirectly sponsored by members of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]], an organization considered by CAN to be a dangerous cult. CAN eventually lost one of those civil suits, which resulted in CAN filing bankruptcy. On October 23, 1996, the Cult Awareness Network's name, logo, and phone number were sold to a Scientology-related law firm as part of a $20,000 purchase of CAN assets in the federal bankruptcy court. Kisser warns that anyone now contacting CAN should be aware that they are very likely talking with Scientologists. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="CultConfession">'''Cult of Confession:'''</div> One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. A system that requires members to disclose to their leaders or superiors the personal thoughts, attitudes, and actions that do not conform to the group's ideals. This practice diminishes healthy personal boundaries and privacy, and may facilitate additional abuses. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Cumorah Books,<br/> Independence, MO: Affiliated with the more conservative [[#Restoration|Restoration Branches]] of the [[#RLDS|RLDS Church]]Publishes ''Restoration Voice, The Vision.'' <br /]]
| + | |
| − | <div id="D"]]'''D'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | Daily Word:<br/> A monthly publication of [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Dalai">'''Dalai Lama:'''</div> The spiritual leader of [[#Tibetan|Tibetan Buddhism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Dallas Fellowship, Inc.,<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]]; uses ''The URANTIA Book'' as their main text. Publishes ''The Circle'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dang, Luong Minh:<br/> Founder of [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Davera Mission Church,<br/> Korea: Alternate name for [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | David, John:<br/> See [[#John-David|John-David Learning Institute]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | David, Moses (King David):<br/> Pseudonym for David Berg, the late founder of [[#Family|The Family]] (Children of God). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Davis, Haviland:<br/> Albany, NY: Leader of a [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter group from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Dawn Bible Students,<br/> East Rutherford, NJ: One of the original [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter groups formed after Joseph Rutherford assumed leadership of the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Dayspring Resources,<br/> Leonie Rosenstiel, New York, NY: [[#Hypnosis|Hypnosis]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] healing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | de Mello, Anthony: <br/>An Indian-born Jesuit priest, who wrote a number of [[#New|New Age]] books that were bestsellers in many countries. His works include ''One Minute Wisdom, One Minute Nonsense, Wellsprings: A Book of Spiritual Exercises'', and ''Walking on Water'' In 1998, over a decade after his death, the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith (a Vatican commission) denounced de Mello's writings. They warned of false teachings in his works, including a denial of objective morality and the claim that all religion, including Christianity, are obstacles to truth. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Delphi School,<br/> Sheridan, OR: Uses the teachings of [[#Scientology|L. Ron Hubbard]], founder of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Demand for Purity: <br/>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. An environment of blame and guilt based on an impossible ideal of human behavior or perfection. This shame-based culture punishes failure and can even subtly train members to punish themselves for their inability to live up to the group's ideals or standards. See [[#Brainwashing|Brainwashing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="demon">'''Demons:'''</div> Fallen [[#Angels|angels]] under the direction of [[#Satan|Satan]] who seek to destroy God's purpose and people. Demons are invisible, spiritual beings (Ephesians 6:12), are organized and have supernatural power and knowledge (Matthew 12:24, Revelation 16:14), can possess humans and animals, (Luke 8:2, Mark 5:13), and can inspire false doctrine (1 Timothy 4:1). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Denver, John:<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] singer who promoted [[#Est|est]], [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]], and the [[#Windstar|Windstar Foundation]] before his death in 1997. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Deprogram">'''Deprogramming:'''</div> A coercive attempt to dissuade an individual of religious or ideological convictions believed to be harmful, through a concentrated (usually two to three days) counseling procedure designed to produce a sudden "snapping out." Deprogramming was developed in the 1970s by Ted Patrick and others as a way to rescue family members who were perceived to have undergone negative personality change after joining destructive [[#Cult|cults]]Often presented as an antidote for [[#Brainwashing|brainwashing]] or [[#MindControl|mind control]], some deprogrammers rationalized the unethical use of force and coercion to rescue victims by illegally holding them against their will (abduction or "snatching") in a process known as "involuntary" deprogramming. Watchman Fellowship does not support or condone such illegal and unethical behavior. Not to be confused with [[#ExitCounseling|Exit Counseling]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Deseret Shadow Church:<br/> See [[#Essential|Church of Essential Science]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Devil:<br/> See [[#Satan|Satan]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Di Mambro, Joseph:<br/> See [[#Solar|Order of the Solar Temple]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Dianetics:<br/> Bestselling "bible" of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Discover Seminars,<br/> Irving, TX: [[#New|New Age]], stress management. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Discovery, <br/>West Valley City, UT: Anti-[[#Christianity|Christian]], [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is the [[#Satan|Devil]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Disfellowshipping: <br/>As practiced by the [[#LDS|LDS]] and many other groups, this is a level of church discipline involving a probationary period of restricted privileges, but retaining church membership. As practiced by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]], it is an alternate term for "excommunication," being completely cut off from Jehovah's organization; see [[#Shunning|Shunning]]<br/>Dispensing of Existence: <br/>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. The organization's dogma determines whether or not other groups or individuals have the right to exist. All alternative belief systems or organizations are considered illegitimate. In extreme cases this mindset can promote violence or murder. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Divali:<br/> [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] philosophy of Enlightenment. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Divination">'''Divination:'''</div> The biblical term describing attempts to gain hidden knowledge supernaturally, usually about the future, apart from the God of the Bible (Ezekiel 21:22–25, Acts 16:16). Most often props are involved such as the hand ([[#Palm|palm reading]]), the stars ([[#Astrology|astrology]]), cards ([[#Tarot|Tarot]]), or random symbols ([[#IChing|I Ching]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Divine Light Center,<br/> Swami Omkarananda: Mixture of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Voodoo|voodoo]] and animal sacrifice. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Divine Light Mission,<br/> Maharaj Ji: [[#Hinduism|Hindu]]/[[#New|New Age]] philosophy, teachings on the God within. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Divine Science,<br/> Denver CO: Similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] theology: God is All, man is a part of the All, thus man is God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Divine Science of Light and Sound,<br/> Marina del Rey, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Divine Word Foundation,<br/> Warner Springs, CA: [[#New|New Age]], channeled writings, [[#Jesus|Jesus]] and [[#Christ|Christ]] are separate entities. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dixon, Jeane<br/> (1917–1997): [[#Astrology|Astrologer]], prognosticator, claimed information was from [[#Christianity|Christian]] God, however she made many false prophecies. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Doctrine and Covenants:''<br/> One of the scriptures or "Standard Works" of the [[#LDS|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]; the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] accepts a different version of the work as scripture. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="DoctrineoverPerson">'''Doctrine Over Person:''' </div>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. The ideas and doctrines of the leader and organization overrule the personal experiences, conscience, and integrity of the individual. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dominion Press,<br/> San Marcos, CA: [[#NewThought|New Thought]], similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] and [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]Publishes the ''Theologia 21'' newsletter. Not to be confused with Dominion Press in Tyler, TX, a controversial but orthodox Christian publishing house. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Dorene">'''Dorene Publishing,'''</div> Arlington, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Talisman|talismans]] and other [[#Paganism|pagan]] memorabilia. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Door">'''The Door''':</div> See [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="DoubleBind">'''Double Bind:''' </div>A mental or psychological dilemma caused when a person receives from a single leader or teacher conflicting messages or "truths" resulting in no appropriate response or answer. See [[#Cognitive|Cognitive Dissonance]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Dowsing">'''Dowsing:'''</div> Form of [[#Divination|divination]] using a forked rod, a bent wire, or a pendulum. Used to locate people, objects, or substances, and to diagnose illnesses. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Druid">'''Druids:'''</div> A priestly caste of the ancient Celtic people of France and the British Isles. They were the keepers of oral history and law, and officiates of [[#Paganism|pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]] religious practices. See [[#Halloween|Halloween]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Dual Cov">'''Dual Covenant:'''</div> The belief that the New Testament (or covenant) applies to gentiles (non-Jews) only. Thus, [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] is not the Savior of the Jewish people and they should relate to God through the earlier Old Testament or Abrahamic covenant. A similar doctrine called the Plural Covenant theory emphasizes other covenants in addition to these two major systems. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dualism:<br/> An understanding of reality as existing in two opposite extremes. Metaphysical dualism sees the universe as existing in two contrary (and sometimes conflicting) realities—mind and matter, or spirit and physical, or [[#Yin|yin and yang]] Ethical dualism posits a conflict between universal good and an equal and opposite force of universal evil (e.g., the belief that God and Satan are equal and opposite beings). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dungeons and Dragons:<br/> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#FRPG|fantasy role playing game]], allegedly uses demonic names and spells found in occult literature. Some parents have charged that children committed suicide under the influence of the game. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | DuPage Church of Religious Science,<br/> Donald E. Burt, Naperville, IL: [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]], use the teachings of Ernest Holmes. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Dyer, Wayne:<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] writer and spokesman focusing on business applications, personal transformation and motivational speaking. Also promotes [[#Holistic|holistic health]], and [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Dynamic Monarchianism">'''Dynamic Monarchianism:'''</div> A late second-century heresy denying the Trinity, put forth by Theodotue of Byzantium and later adoped in modified forms by Paul of Samosata, Noetus and Prazeas. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="E">'''E'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | Eadie, Betty:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author of best-sellers, ''Embraced by the Light'' and ''The Awakening Heart.'' An active member of the [[#LDS|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], Eadie claims to have died, gone to heaven, and returned to her body (see [[#NDE|near-death experiences]]). Her books contain a combination of New Age and Mormon beliefs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Eagle's Cry,''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|Occult]] periodical, includes Egyptian revival, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Aura|aura]] analysis. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <br/> Eagle's Path,<br/> Grand Junction, CO: [[#UFO|UFOs]], moon festivals, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Eckankar|Eckankar]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Earth Church of Amargi,<br/> St. Louis, MO: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), moon festivals, [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Earthmother Therapy Center:<br/> [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Aura|aura]] reading, [[#Chakras|chakra]] balancing, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]], [[#Iridology|iridology]], [[#Numerology|numerology]], [[#Palm|palmistry]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Earthsong,<br/> Wendy Moss, Dallas, TX: Journey into Mother Earth. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''East West Journal,''<br/> Syracuse, NY: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Eastern School Press,<br/> Talent, OR: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophical]], [[#Karma|karma]], astral light. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ebon, Martin:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Ecclesia Athletic Association,<br/> Eldridge Broussard, Jr., Los Angeles, CA: Believed to practice controversial forms of [[#MindControl|mind control]] and [[#Shepherding|shepherding]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Eckankar">'''Eckankar,'''<div/> Paul Twitchell: Mixture of [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] and eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Ecstasy,<br/> Ojai, CA: [[#New|New Age]], man is God, realized through sexual encounters, New Age/Hedonism. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Eddy, Mary Baker:<br/> See [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Edwards, Bishop Luke:<br/> See [[#REACH|REACH, Inc]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Effective Learning Systems,<br/> Edina, MN: Subliminal tapes, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#ESP|ESP]], deep relaxation techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Elmwood Institute, Fritjof Capra:<br/> Internationally recognized [[#New|New Age]] author ''(The Tao of Physics)'' and lecturer. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Emmanuel,<br/> J. David Davis, Athens, TN: See [[#Bnai|B'nai Noah]] for theological perspective. Publishes ''The Gap'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Emerald Circle:<br/> [[#Paganism|Paganism]], know the Divine within, be part of [[#Gaia|Gaia]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ENERGIE et PARTAGE:<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Enneagram">'''Enneagram:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]] symbol. A circle with its circumference divided by nine points; has connections with the "Tree of Life" in [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], or [[#Divination|divination]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Epiphany Bible Students Association,<br/> Mount Dora, FL: Splinter group from [[#LHMM|Laymen's Home Missionary Movement]], one of the [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] groups that broke away from the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Erhard, Warner:<br/> See [[#Est|est]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Esalen Institute,<br/> Michael Murphy, Big Sur, CA: [[#New|New Age]], one of the original institutions for developing and promoting eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]]/New Age philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Esoteric">'''Esoteric:'''</div> Hidden or deeper knowledge held by an elite few. Belief that there are mystical core truths underlying /unifying religions that are unknown to the uninitiated. See [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], [[#Occult|Occult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Esoteric Order of Dagon,<br/> Soror Azenath 23rd, Abita Springs, LA: Channel the energy of the Nu Aeon, collective [[#Magic|magical]] unconsciousness, worship the Old Ones or Old Gods. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ESP:<br/> Acronym for [[#ESP|Extrasensory Perception]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ESPress, Inc.,<br/> Washington, D.C.: [[#Psychic|Psychics]]See [[#ScienceCenter|National Spiritual Science Center]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Essene Gospel of Peace,<br/> Edmond Bordeaux Szekely: [[#New|New Age]], allegedly channeled by "[[#Jesus|Jesus]]," enlightenment, illness is a mistake. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Essene Light Center,<br/> Mary L. Myers, Charlotte, NC: Has similarities to [[#IAM|I AM]] movement, belief in [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]], Father-Mother god. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Est">'''est,'''</div> Warner Erhard: Personal transformation seminar promising individual growth, business management skills, stress reduction, etc. Teaches the world has no objective meaning, enlightenment, and to live moment to moment with no regard for the future. New Age themes. In the midst of mounting troubles, Erhard decided to leave the United States. Est was discontinued and replaced by The Forum. Similar to other transformational/encounter seminars such as [[#Lifespring|Lifespring]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Eupsychia,<br/> Austin, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="EvanChrist">'''Evangelical Christianity:'''<div/> Evangelical (from the Greek ''euangelion,'' good news or [[#Gospel|gospel]]) generally means a focus on the essentials of [[#Christianity|Christianity]]The term can be used to describe all Christians or churches that hold to or give heavy emphasis to specific conservative [[#Protestantism|Protestant]] beliefs. (In Germany, "Evangelical" is basically synonymous with "Lutheran.") These include: the authority and infallibility of the Bible, the nature of God (sovereign, holy, compassionate, personal, etc.), the sinful and fallen state of humanity, and [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith in the death, burial, and resurrection of [[#Christ|Christ]] as the only means of salvation. More specifically the term has come to be closely identified with a widespread trans-denominational shift towards more conservative Christian doctrine that developed after World War II. See [[#FundChrist|Fundamental Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Evolutionary Kingdom Level Above Human,<br/> Richardson, Texas: Earlier name of [[#Heaven%27s" gate="|Heaven's Gate]], Marshall Applewhite's [[#UFO|UFO]] [[#Cult|cult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Exaltation:<br/> In the teaching of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], the highest form of salvation. It means to become a God, exactly like God the Father and Jesus Christ, and to produce and rule over one's offspring throughout eternity. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ExitCounseling">'''Exit Counseling:''' <div/>(Thought Reform Consulting) A non-coercive technique (in contrast to [[#Deprogram|deprogramming]]) designed to help rescue members of religions or cults that are considered false, harmful, or dangerous. The program usually involves a two to three day voluntary counseling session emphasizing education and dialogue, often with a licensed mental health professional, a former member of the group, and/or a specialist on [[#Cult|cult]] dynamics. The approach stresses true personal and religious freedom in the context of providing additional information and full disclosure, which facilitates more informed decision-making. Family counseling and intervention techniques may also be incorporated. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ESP">'''Extrasensory Perception (ESP):''' <div/>Alleged knowledge of an experience or a response to an external event apart from the five senses. This experience can take place either in a wakeful or dream state.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="F">'''F'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | Faith Assembly Church,<br/> Raymond Jackson, Jeffersonville, IN: Similar to [[#Branham|William Branham]]Publishes ''The Contender'' newspaper.
| + | |
| − | Faithbuilders Fellowship,<br/> San Diego, CA: Theology similar to [[#Watchtower|Jehovah's Witnesses]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Faithful Word,<br/> Chicago, IL: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group, teaches necessity of keeping the Law of Moses. Publishes ''The Faith Word'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Faith Temple,<br/> Rosemary Cosby, Salt Lake City, UT: [[#Apostolic|Apostolic Faith]] splinter group; Cosby has claimed to be the Messiah. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="False">'''False Prophecy:'''</div> Generally, any teaching by a prophet that is not true. Specifically, it is a prediction, made by an individual or group claiming to speak on God's authority, of a specific event that fails to occur by the specific, given date or within the specified time frame (Deuteronomy 13:1–5; 18:20–22). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Fam Spirit">'''Familiar Spirit:'''</div> A spirit that can allegedly communicate with humans, often through possessing the body of a [[#Medium|medium]], [[#Channeling|channeler]], or [[#Psychic|psychic]]Also, a special type of [[#Demon|demon]] that can impersonate a deceased person during attempts to communicate with the dead (see [[#Necromancy|necromancy]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Family, The,<br/> Charles Manson: The followers of Charles Manson, some of whom were convicted for the 1969 Tate/LaBianca murders. Not related to the following entry. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Family">'''Family, The,'''</div> David Berg: Originally called the Children of God (COG) and recently called "The Family of Love," this group boasts communal "colonies" throughout the world. Best known for explicit sexual practices in recruiting converts and inner-group life, based on Berg's writings, the ''MO Letters''Not related to previous entry. ''[[#profile/fampro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="FRPG">'''Fantasy Role Playing Games (FRP):'''</div> Players assume the identity of mythical characters and participate in elaborate mental adventures. Critics have expressed concern over the tremendous amount of time often invested in the games. More disturbing are reports that the games often emphasize rape, violence, spells, [[#Magic|magic]] and other [[#Occult|occult]] themes. Some parents have also charged that their children committed suicide while under the influence of FRP. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | The Farm,<br/> Stephen Gaskin, Summertown, TN: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]] mixed with [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] Christianity, [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], communal society. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Farrakhan, Louis:<br/> Leader in the [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Fate,''<br/> Marion, OH: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Occult|occult]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Father Divine">'''Father Divine,'''</div> ''né'' George Baker (1878–1965): Black founder of the [[#PMM|Peace Mission Movement]], believed by his followers to be God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | The Fellowship,<br/> Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of [[#Urantia|''The URANTIA Book'']], [[#New|New Age]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Fellowship For Spiritual Understanding,<br/> Marcus Bach, Palos Verdes Estates, CA: Similar teaching to [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]], denies reality of death, teaches man is God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fellowship of Isis:<br/> [[#Paganism|Paganism]] Egyptian gods and [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fellowship of the Inner Light,<br/> Paul Solomon, Virginia Beach, VA: [[#New|New Age]]; concept of "Meta-Human" teaches man to go beyond human to become Creator/Master. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fellowship of Universal Guidance,<br/> Glendale, CA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] reading. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fellowship Press,<br/> Noblesville, IN: Soulcraft library, claims of [[#Channeling|channeled]] information from William Dudley Pelley in the very High Planes of Consciousness after he had died. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Feminism:<br/> See [[#RadFem|Radical Feminism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Feng Shui:<br/> A religious "science" for the balancing of [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]] in the environment, discovered or originated by farmers some 3,000 years ago and developed within Taoism. Feng Shui teaches that there is an energy called ''Qi'' (or, ''[[#Chi|Chi]]'') flowing throughout the universe, and in this world through lines, sometimes called channels or meridians, to which one must be properly aligned for optimal health, fortune, and quality of life. The position and alignment of structures and objects in one's environment affects the flow of this energy and one's own ability to harmonize with nature. Practitioners therefore arrange household and office furniture, design rooms and even whole buildings, their grounds and gardens, etc., to properly align with the flow lines of earth's energy. They thus hope to improve the balance of nature around them, not only for their own benefit, but for the benefit everyone in the area. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Feraferia,<br/> Eagle Rock, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Spell|spells]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Fifth Epochal">'''Fifth Epocal Fellowship'''</div> Chicago, IL: One of a number of groups that follow the teachings of [[#Urantia|The URANTIA Book]], Formerly URANTIA Brotherhood. [[#New|New Age]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]], [[#Ascended|ascended beings]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Firewalking Institute of Research and Education,<br/> Twain Harte, CA: Firewalking, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], sweat lodge, [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | First Demonic Church,<br/> Efrem Del Gatto, Italy: [[#Satanism|Satanism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="FirstElvis">'''First Presleyterian Church of Elvis the Divine,'''</div> Bethelehem, PA: Begun in 1988 as a marketing ploy/parody by Farndu and Karl Edwards, the church spoofs traditional religions and cults by "worshipping" Elvis Presley in weekly services held on the Internet and the campus chapel of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | First Temple of the Craft of W.I.C.A.,<br/> South Chicago Heights, IL: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="God-Realization">'''First Universal Church of God-Realization,'''</div> Bhagavan Sri Babajhan-Al-Kahlil, Redondo Beach, CA: [[#New|New Age]], God is the self within, many paths all lead to the One Destination. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | First World Conclave of Light,<br/> San Diego, CA: [[#UFO|UFO]], 32 planets already joined but are waiting for the Earth to make the necessary commitment before the spaceships can land. See also [[#Unarius|Unarius Education Foundation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | First Zen Institute of America,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes the ''Zen Notes'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fitch, Joseph:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Flag Service Organization,<br/> Tampa, FL: Promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Flirty Fishing,<br/> (Ffing): Allegedly discontinued practice of using sex to entice converts into [[#Family|The Family]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Flying Saucer Information Center,<br/> Pasadena, MD: [[#UFO|UFOs]], aliens coming to take Earth children for seedlings. Publishes the ''Update'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="FollowersChristChurch">'''Followers of Christ Church,'''</div> Walter T. White, <br/>Oregon City, OR: Practices [[#Shunning|shunning]], exhibits [[#Legalism|legalism]], and holds to a strict faith-healing doctrine. Doctors and hospitals are not allowed. State medical examiner claims as many as 25 children have died in the last two decades from complications from otherwise common medical problems. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Ford, Arthur:<br/> See [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="FormCrit">'''Form Criticism:'''</div> A method of [[#LitCrit|literary criticism]] used by many scholars in the interpretation of the Bible. It identifies the literary forms of specific parts of the biblical writings, such as the different types of psalms (thanksgiving, lament, etc.) or the different units in the Gospels (parables, miracle stories, etc.). By noting common features in passages of the same form, various conclusions are drawn about how to interpret those passages. In [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]], which pioneered this method, many of the forms are assumed to be legendary or mythical (especially those involving the supernatural). Some evangelical scholars think form criticism can be useful if such liberal assumptions are avoided, while other evangelicals reject form criticism outright. See also [[#RedactCrit|Redaction criticism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Fort Worth Bible Students,<br/> Fort Worth, TX: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group that republishes older [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]] materials. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Fortunetelling:'''<br/> A form of [[#Divination|divination]] in which a person attempts to predict the future using alleged paranormal powers. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | The Forum:<br/> [[#New|New Age]], personal transformation seminar; see [[#est|est]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation Church,<br/> New York, NY: [[#Psychic|Psychic]] development, "psychosomastery," [[#UFO|UFOs]]See also [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Foundation">'''Foundation Church of Divine Truth,'''</div> Washington, D.C.: [[#New|New Age]]/ [[#Occult|occult]], based on [[#Automatic|automatic writings]] of James E. Padget as found in the book ''True Gospel Revealed Anew by Jesus''; teaches that man becomes the very essence of God. Publishes the ''Divine Truth Commentary'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation Church of the Millennium:'''<br/> See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation Church of the New Birth:'''<br/> See [[#Foundation|Foundation Church of Divine Truth]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation Faith''',<br/> (Foundation Faith of God): See [[#ProChurch|Process Church of the Final Judgement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation Faith of the Millennium,'''<br/> New York: [[#Universalism|Universalism]]All religious leaders, including Jesus, Mohammad and Buddha were sent by God. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation for Co-Creation,<br/> Barbara Marx Hubbard, Greenbraie, CA: Prominent [[#New|New Age]] lecturer and writer. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation for Higher Spiritual Learning,<br/> Centreville, VA: Formerly "Bridge to Freedom," the new name was adopted in 1979. The group follows the [[#Theosophy|theosophical]] teachings of Guy Ballard of the [[#IAM|I AM]] movement, including the [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation for Inner Peace:'''<br/> Organization and publisher for [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Foundation for Life Action,'''<br/> Tara Singh, Los Angeles, CA: Know one's own [[#Christ|Christ]] nature; promotes [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']]Publishes ''A Call To Wisdom'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation for Shamanic Studies,<br/> Michael Harner, Norwalk, CT: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]] for empowerment and healing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation for Unlimited Consciousness,<br/> Rain Morgan, Orcas, WA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], Ramtha devotees (see [[#Knight|Knight, J. Z.]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Understanding">'''Foundation of Human Understanding,'''</div> Roy Masters, Grants Pass, OR: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnotism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation of Light and Metaphysical Education,<br/> Hurst, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Foundation of Revelation,<br/> San Francisco, CA: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Fox, Kate and Margarett:<br/> See [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Fox">'''Fox, Matthew:'''</div> [[#Roman|Dominican Catholic]] priest silenced by the Vatican for teaching blatant [[#New|New Age]] theology (which he calls "creation-centered spirituality"). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Fraternity of Light,<br/> Philadelphia, PA: [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Karma|karma]]; one's inner essence is a Divine Spark. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Free Bible Students:<br/> A small [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] splinter group currently consisting of only four congregations and approximately 27 home groups. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Free Soul,'''<br/> Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], spirit guides, commune with Divine Nature, [[#Psychic|Psychic]] and Higher Soul Dimensions. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Free Spirit,''<br/> Brooklyn, NY: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Freemasonry">'''Freemasonry:'''</div> A fraternal order revived in the early 18th century in England, loosely based on associations or guilds of stone cutters ("operative" masons). Freemasonry ("speculative" masons) sought to give philosophical, moral, or spiritual meaning to the lodge, tools, and oaths of the stone cutters. Branches of Freemasonry include the Blue Lodge, York Rite, Scottish Rite, and Shriners. Affiliated organizations include the Order of the Eastern Star (for women), the Order of DeMolay (for boys), and the Order of Rainbow (for girls). Most modern adherents maintain that the organization is not a religion but a club or fraternity promoting high moral values and good works. They believe, therefore, that Freemasonry is compatible with and supplements Christianity and other religions. Critics counter that Freemasonry involves secret blood oaths or curses, and that the writings of respected early leaders (Albert Mackey, Albert Pike, etc.) are replete with occult philosophy and religious doctrine contrary to Christianity. Despite Freemasonry's promotion and funding of a number of worthwhile, philanthropic endeavors (free Shriner children hospitals, nursing homes, etc.), many Christian individuals and churches have condemned Freemasonry or warned of elements that they believe are contrary to Christianity. These churches include the Presbyterian Church of America, Southern Baptist Convention, Episcopal Church, Christian Reformed Church, Church of the Nazarene, and Lutheran Church (Missouri and Wisconsin Synods). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Freewinds Relay Office,'''<br/> Clearwater, FL: Promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Friends Review,''<br/> Hillsboro, OR: [[#Occult|Occult]]/ [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="FundChrist">'''Fundamentalist Christianity:'''</div> Generally a reference to conservative Christians who believe five "fundamentals" of [[#Christianity|Christianity]]: the inerrancy of Scripture, the virgin birth of Christ, the substitutionary atonement of Christ, the bodily resurrection of Christ, and the historicity of biblical miracles. More specifically, the term is identified with the conservative reaction, especially in America, to [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] in the early 20th century. Core beliefs of the movement are virtually identical with [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]] Some fundamentalists, however, later distinguished themselves from evangelicals (or neo-evangelicals) whom they saw as too compromising and ecumenical. More recently some have given a new, negative meaning to the term "fundamentalist" using it as a synonym for narrow-minded, bigoted, anti-intellectual or divisive Christians. <br /]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="G">'''G'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | G.A.P. Ministries,<br/> Elm Grove, WI: [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], observes Feast Days, part of [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] movement. Publishes ''The Appointed Time'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Gabriel Society,'''<br/> Ruth Harders, Western Springs, IL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], Universal Mind. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Gaia">'''Gaia:'''</div> Originally the Greek [[#Goddess|goddess]] of earth. Many see the earth as one large living organism made of numerous parts, much as the human body is one living organism with various parts. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Gandhi Memorial Center,<br/> Swami Premananda, Washington, D.C.: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], teaching of [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] leader Mahatma Gandhi. Publishes ''The Gandhi Message'' quarterly. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Garvey Center,<br/> Witchita, KS: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Holistic|holistic]] health mixed with sound medical procedures. [[#PyrPow|Pyramid]] powers. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Gatekeepers">'''Gatekeepers,'''</div> Christopher James Turgeon, <br/>Pala, CA: A small [[#Cult|cult]] formerly called Ahabah Sasah Prophetic Ministries in Everett, WA. Turgeon once claimed to be the prophet Elijah. He and another member, Blaine Alan Applin, were charged with first-degree murder in 1998 following the shooting death of former member Daniel Jess. Earlier that year a SWAT team served a warrant on the group's five-acre compound located 60 miles north of San Diego and recovered weapons and other stolen property. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Gateway To Light,<br/> Lloyd G. Sellman, Dewey, AZ: [[#UFO|UFOs]], telepathic communications. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Gateways Institute,<br/> Jonathan Parker, Ojai, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Sublim|subliminal]] tapes, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Gawain, Shakti:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author who popularized [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] through creative [[#Visualization|visualization]] ([[#Meditation|meditation]]) techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Geller">'''Geller, Uri:'''</div> [[#Psychic|Psychic]], [[#Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]], [[#ESP|ESP]] and [[#Parapsychology|parapsychology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Germain, Saint:'''<br/> See [[#IAM|I AM]] Movement, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ghosts">'''Ghosts:'''</div> Non-physical entities or spirit beings, often believed to be the spirits of the dead. See [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Demons|Demon]], [[#Necromancy|Necromancy]], [[#Occult|Occult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Global CoG">'''Global Church of God,'''</div> Roderick Meredith, San Diego, CA: Splinter group from [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]]Teaches a form of [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Global Family,'''<br/> Palo Alto, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], Higher self which is God, [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] (all is God). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Globalism:'''<br/> When used in a religious sense, this term most often means to lose all national identity. Mankind must see itself as one world family, without the need for distinctions between religions. All religions become true or the distinctive doctrines of the various religions must be disregarded in an attempt to achieve the new Global Family idea. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Global Times:'''<br/> The bimonthly magazine published by the Denmark office for Proutist International. See [[#PROUT|PROUT]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Gnostic Catholic Church of Canada,<br/> Edmonton, Alberta: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] rituals. Publishes the ''Sunspot'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Gnosticism">'''Gnosticism:'''</div> From the Greek word ''gnosis'' (knowledge). Salvation comes through secret knowledge. A diverse belief influenced by Greek philosophy and similar to forms of [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], Gnosticism generally taught that matter was evil and spirit was good. Forms of gnosticism affected early Christianity. One Gnostic heresy taught that because matter was evil, Jesus could not have come in the flesh. Many New Agers regard Gnostic Christianity as the more enlightened form of Christianity. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="GnosticOrder">'''Gnostic Order of Christ, The,'''</div> Timothy Harris, San Jose, CA: An esoteric and mystical order reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMans|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Goat">'''Goat's Head:'''</div> An occult symbol consisting of an upside-down five-pointed star. See [[#Baphomet|Baphomet]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation:<br/> See [[#ChenTao|Chen Tao]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Goddess">'''Goddess:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]] A term used in various though related senses to affirm a feminine nature or aspect of the divine. Three beliefs are common: revering "Mother Nature," or the Earth, as divine (see [[#Gaia|Gaia]]); worshiping a female deity (often linked to primitive pagan religions, as in [[#Wicca|Wicca]]); and the search by some women for the "divine spark" of the "goddess within." ''[[#profile/godsspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''God's House of Prayer for All People,'''<br/> Samuel T. Allen, Dallas, TX: Sabbath and Old Testament festivals kept for salvation (see [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''God's Salvation Church:'''<br/> See [[#ChenTao|Chen Tao]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Association,'''<br/> Ann Rogers, San Jose, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], inner voices. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Golden Book of the Theosophical Society, The:<br/> See [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Dawn,'''<br/> John Phillips Palmer, Lumberville, PA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], spiritual authorities are Secret Chiefs and Inner Plane Adepti. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Dolphin,'''<br/> Sheila Balenger, Greenback, WA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], Mother Earth, Primal [[#Goddess|Goddess]]Publishes ''Sacred Cycles'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Eagle Sanctuary,'''<br/> Hot Springs, AR: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]s, [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Aura|aura]] balancing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Lion,'''<br/> Ann Alexander, Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Quest,'''<br/> Hilda Charlton, Lake Hill, NY: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, space brothers, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], the divine child within all. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Golden Wheel''',<br/> W.E. Reeve, England: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Spiritualism|spiritualism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Good Cheer Press,'''<br/> Boulder, CO: Publishes material promoting ''[[#URANTIA|The URANTIA Book]]''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Good, Joseph:'''<br/> See [[#Hativka|Hatikva Ministries]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Gospel">'''Gospel:'''</div> Literally meaning "good news," the term gospel is used by traditional Christians as a reference to the message of [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] through faith, based on the death, burial, and resurrection of [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] (1 Corinthians 15:1–4). The first four books of the New Testament, which consist of accounts of Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John), are also called the Gospels. One of the marks of a cult is that it preaches a different gospel, that is, a false way of salvation (2 Corinthians 11:4; Galatians 1:6–9). Most false gospels teach a form of either [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]] or [[#Universalism|universalism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Grail Foundation of America,'''<br/> Abd-ru-shin, Binghamton, NY: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] teachings, [[#Christ|Christ's]] call for "child-like faith" no longer valid. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Grand Canyon Society,'''<br/> Scottsdale, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], members use ''[[#URANTIA|The URANTIA Book]]'' as their text. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Great Invocation">'''Great Invocation:'''</div> A New Age prayer written in 1937 by Alice Bailey (see [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]) and circulated by various New Age groups that believe widespread recitiation may help initiate a new utopia on earth. <br/><br/> | + | |
| − | Great Lakes Fellowship:<br/> Splinter Group of [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Great Lakes Pagan Association,<br/> Techumseh, MI: [[#Paganism|Pagan]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]]Publishes ''The Covenstead'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Great">'''Great Lakes Society for Biblical Research''',</div> John Cheetham: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="WhiteBro">'''Great White Brotherhood:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] belief in a group of spirit beings or [[#Reincarnation|reincarnated]] teachers, also called [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], existing on a non-physical higher plane. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Greater">'''Greater Grace World Outreach,'''</div> Carl H. Stevens, Jr., Baltimore, MD: Formerly "The Bible Speaks." Courts required church to return funds to millionaire contributor for unethical and illegal actions. Allegedly practices [[#MindControl|mind control]] and [[#Shepherding|shepherding]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Group for Creative Meditation:'''<br/> See [[#Group|Meditation Group for New Age]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Grove of the Unicorn,'''<br/> Galadriel, Atlanta, GA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], moon festivals, [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Guardian Action International,<br/> Deming, NM: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#ESP|ESP]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Guided">'''Guided Imagery:'''</div> Another term for [[#Visualization|Visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Guideposts:''<br/> Magazine founded by [[#Peale|Norman Vincent Peale]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Guild For Hermetic Revelation,'''<br/> Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], soothsaying, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Gunvik, Sigurd:<br/> This man's teachings are a mixture of [[#Watchtower|Jehovah's Witnesses]] and [[#SacredName|Sacred Name theology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Gurdjieff, George I.:'''<br/> Mixture of [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] and mystical teaching. Considered by some to have been the greatest mystical teacher of all times. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Guru">'''Guru:'''</div> Eastern/[[#Hinduism|Hindu]] religious teacher (sometimes thought to be a focus of worship or adoration) who gives personal guidance towards enlightenment. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Guru Dev:'''<br/> Hindu Swami (religious master) who was the teacher of [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], founder of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="H">'''H'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''H2B Company'''<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]].
| + | |
| − | <div id="Halloween">'''Halloween:'''</div> (Samhain) The term "Halloween" originally referred to All Hallows' Eve, a Catholic observance of the night before All Saints' Day. However, in its modern American form it is a holiday based on [[#Paganism|pagan]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Celt|Celtic]] beliefs and [[#Druid|Druid]] rituals. Believed to be a religious high or holy day by those involved in witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]) and [[#Satanism|Satanism]]Celebrated on October 31st, children are encouraged to wear costumes and solicit candy door-to-door (Trick-or-Treat). ''[[#profile/halwnpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Halpern">'''Halpern, Steve:'''</div> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] music composer and lecturer. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Hare Krishna:<br/> Nickname for the [[#ISKCON|International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Harmonic">'''Harmonic Convergence:'''</div> A [[#New|New Age]], social, environmental and personal transformational event formulated by Jose Arguelles, based on alleged Mayan prophecies and [[#Astrology|astrological]] conjecture. Arguelles promoted a gathering of New Age believers held 16–17 August 1987 at the earth's supposed vortexes ([[#Psychic|psychic]] power centers) for [[#Meditation|meditation]] and chanting, theoretically to usher in a cosmic transformation. Other significant dates were 31 December 1987 and a culmination in 2012. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Harmonie et Energie des volcans d'Auvergne:'''<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Harr, Brian,'''<br/> Rochester, NY: The [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]! <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Harris, Timothy:'''<br/> See "[[#GnosticOrder|Gnostic Order of Christ]]." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hartley, Harriette,'''<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Channeling|channeler]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Hatha Yoga:<br/> See "[[#Yoga|Yoga]]." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Hativka">'''Hatikva Ministries,'''</div> Joseph Good, Port Arthur, TX: Denies the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] and deity of [[#Christ|Christ]], seems to be [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hawkwind''',<br/> Charla Hawkwind Hermann, Valley Head, AL: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes ''The Pathfinder'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Hay, Louise:<br/> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] counselor and author. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Healing Arts Expressions,<br/> Solvang, CA: [[#New|New Age]]; healing by [[#Meditation|meditation]] on a piece of art, painting, etc. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Healing Center,'''<br/> Sarasota, FL: [[#New|New Age]], magnetic therapy, [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]] balancing. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Health and Wealth Gospel:'''<br/> See [[#Word-Faith|Word-Faith Movement]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Health Conscious Services,'''<br/> Christ Singh Khalsa, New York: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], each person is his or her own Master. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Healthy">'''Healthy, Happy, and Holy,'''</div> Los Angeles, CA: A.k.a. 3H0, the educational arm of Sikhism. Practices [[#Kundalini|Kundalini[[#Yoga|Yoga]], vegetarianism, and overcoming painful thoughts to move toward enlightenment. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Heart Consciousness Church,'''<br/> Middletown, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Sweat|sweat lodge]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''Harbin'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Heart Dance,''' <br/>Mill Valley, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Crystal|Crystals]]Publishes the ''Heart Dance'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Heaven and Earth,'''<br/> Gloucester, MA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystals]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Heaven's">'''Heaven's Gate,'''</div> Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Lou Nettles, <br/>Rancho Santa Fe, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFOs]] Applewhite (a.k.a. Do) and 38 other members committed suicide in March of 1997, believing that by leaving their bodies behind they could join Nettles (a.k.a. Ti) and other "older members" from "the next level above human" on a UFO supposedly hidden behind the Hale-Bopp comet. ''[[#profile/hvnsgatepro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Heaven's Magic:'''<br/> Another name for the followers of David Berg, founder of [[#Family|The Family]] (Children of God); produces multi-color children's posters and music. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Heresy">'''Heresy:'''</div> Literally, a theological dissension or division arising from diversity of opinions and aims. The term is usually reserved to refer to false teachings considered so serious that belief in them excludes the followers from the true faith and salvation; in other words, a belief viewed as fatal to the [[#Gospel|gospel]]Religious groups founded on the basis of heresy are known as [[#Cult|cults]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Heretic:'''<br/> A person who causes a division by teaching [[#Heresy|heresy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Heritage Institute,<br/> Plainfield, WI: [[#New|New Age]], past life, [[#Ouija|Ouija board]], telepathy, [[#Psychic|psychic]] healing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hermit,'''<br/> Jan Moody, Topsham, MA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Tarot|Tarot card]] reading, [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''High Point,'''<br/> Vance Harris, Willard MO: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''High Wind Association''',<br/> Milwaukee, WI: [[#NatAm|Native American]] philosophy, [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], Accelerated Human Consciousness. Publishes ''Windwatch'' newspaper. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Hinkins, John-Roger:<br/> Founder of [[#MSIA|Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy,<br/> Swami Rama, Honesdale, PA: [[#New|New Age]], Hinduism, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes ''Himalayan Institute Quarterly''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Hinduism">'''Hinduism:'''</div> The major world religion that originated from the ancient religions of India, which originally embraced [[#Polytheism|polytheism]]As a more unified world religion, Hinduism teaches [[#Pantheism|pantheism]]; the ancient gods (especially the triad of [[#Brahma|Brahma]], [[#Vishnu|Vishnu]], and [[#Shiva|Shiva]]) are commonly interpreted as representations of the various aspects of the divine (Brahman). Human beings progress to the ultimate realization of their oneness with Brahman (often called [[#Nirvana|Nirvana]]) through [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] according to the law of [[#Karma|karma]]Some of the concepts of Hinduism are incorporated, modified, and expanded upon in the [[#New|New Age]] Movement. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Hippocrates Health Institute,<br/> West Palm Beach, FL: [[#New|New Age]], healing, [[#Yoga|yoga]] and [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Hoffman">'''Hoffman, Teri,''''</div> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age[[#Guru|guru]], believed to practice [[#MindControl|mind control]] Twelve followers or close associates have committed suicide or died under unusual circumstances. Many left large sums of money to Hoffman. Her organization is called Conscious Development of Body, Mind and Soul. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hohm Community,'''<br/> Lee Lozowick, Tabor, NJ: No specific doctrine, all religions have truth, seek Divine Evolution. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Holiness Tabernacle,'''<br/> Dyer, AR: See [[#Alamo|Alamo Christian Foundation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Holistic">'''Holistic Health:'''</div> (New Age Medicinedivlternative Medicine) A view of health care focusing on the "whole self" (body, mind and spirit) and natural or spiritual cures. Some holistic health remedies and assumptions (i.e., a focus on wellness and prevention) are well within the Christian worldview and are scientifically valid. Much within this movement, however, is based on [[#Pantheism|pantheistic]] concepts, [[#New|New Age[[#Visualization|visualization]], and eastern religious beliefs such as Chinese [[#Taoism|Taoism]] [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]]. Most questionable are holistic practices that have no valid physiological explanation or scientific proof such as [[#Kinesiology|applied kinesiology]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]] and [[#Iridology|iridology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Holistic Life University,<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Aura|aura]] healing, [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hollyhock,'''<br/> Rex Weyler, Blaine, WA: [[#New|New Age]] retreat, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], drumming, [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Holy Body of the Coming Jesus Christ Mission in New York:'''<br/> See [[#Stone|Church of the Living Stone Mission for the Coming Days]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Holy Grail Foundation,<br/> Leona Richards, Santa Cruz, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="HolyOrderofMANS">'''Holy Order of MANS,'''</div> Earl W. Blighton: Monastic [[#New|New Age]] group that practiced [[#Esoteric|esoteric]], mystical religion blending biblical themes with [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] and other concepts from Eastern religions and the [[#Occult|occult]] Blighton, an ex-engineer who was once fined for practicing medicine without a license, began the order in 1968. "MANS" was an acronym for a phrase revealed only to initiates. After advancing through the order, men reached the status of Brown Brother of the Holy Light, while women might become an Immaculate Sister of Mary for Missionary Training. After the death of Blighton, the group underwent radical changes. The majority of followers converted to Eastern [[#OrthChrist|Orthodoxy]] and the order eventually was transformed into Christ the Savior Brotherhood, a sect of Eastern Orthodoxy. Several competing groups later formed claiming to preserve Blighton's original purpose and message. They include the [[#GnosticOrder|Gnostic Order of Christ]], [[#ScienceMan|Science of Man]], and the [[#AmericanTemple|American Temple]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Holy Shankaracharya Order,<br/> Stroudsburg, PA: [[#Hinduism|Hindu theology]]Publishes ''Purarnave'' periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Moonies">'''Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity:'''</div> See [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Holyland:'''<br/> See [[#REACH|REACH,Inc]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Homeopathy">'''Homeopathy:'''</div> Pseudo-medical [[#Holistic|holistic health]] techniques developed by Samuel Hahneman whereby minute doses of natural elements are said to cure diseases. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Homewords,'''<br/> Susan Johansen, Salt Lake City, UT: [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]]Publishes the '''Homeword'' newspaper.''' <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Horoscope:'''<br/> See [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Horus/Maat Lodge:'''<br/> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], Egyptian philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="HouseDavid">'''House of David,'''</div> Benjamin Purnell Benton Harbor, MI.: [[#British|British Israelism]]; Purnell taught he was the seventh and last messenger or angel of Revelation. Publishes ''Shiloh's Messenger of Wisdom''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Bread">'''House of Divine Bread,'''</div> J.L. Mociulewski, Bayonne, NJ: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]], Father-Mother god. <br/>
| + | |
| − | House of Prayer for All People,<br/> William Blessing, Denver, CO: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]], teachings on [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]] and Lemuria. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="House Yahweh">'''House of Yahweh''',</div> Yisrayl (a.k.a. "Buffalo BiIll") Hawkins, Abilene, TX: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]], [[#British|British Israelism]], only true church. ''[[#profile/yahpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''House of Yahweh:'''<br/> Odessa, TX: See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Houston, Jean:'''<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] spokesperson and author of many books on education in the American school system. ''[[#profile/hustnpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Hubbard">'''Hubbard, L. Ron:'''</div> Late founder of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Human Universal Energy (HUE):<br/> Alternative name for [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Hunger Project:<br/> Claims to help poverty-stricken people using [[#Visualization|visualization]] to rid the world of hunger. See [[#Est|est]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Hyperborea,'''<br/> Mark Roberts, Dallas, TX: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], Mother Earth is Divine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Hypnosis">'''Hypnosis:'''</div> Technique inducing an [[#Altered|altered state of consciousness]] or [[#Trance|trance]] by verbal or non-verbal stimuli. Participants experience reduced ability for critical thinking and are generally open to external suggestion. See [[#Mesmerism|Mesmerism]]''[[#profile/hypnopro.htm|Profile]]'' available.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="I">'''I'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="I AM">'''I AM Movement,'''</div> Guy and Edna Ballard: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#New|New Age]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], the god within. Founded 1930; directs praise and adoration on the 18th century French occultist, [[#Germain|St. Germain]]Publishes ''Voice of the I AM'' magazine.<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="IChing">'''I Ching:'''</div> (''Yi King'' or ''The Book of Changes'') Ancient Chinese method of [[#Divination|divination]], predicting the future using random casting of the stalks of the yarrow plant or three-lined diagrams (Trigams) representing, among other things, [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''I DO,'''<br/> Twin Falls, ID: [[#New|New Age]], cosmic law, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], awaiting a New Savior. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Identity">'''Identity Movement:'''</div> See [[#ChristianID|Christian Identity]] movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Iglesia Ni Cristo''',<br/> Felix Manalo: Rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]; teaches [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]], salvation found only in this group. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Illuminati">'''Illuminati,'''</div> ("Enlightened Ones"): Secret society founded by a professor of canon law, Adam Weishaupt, in Bavaria, Germany. Originally promoted free thought and democratic political theories. Now believed by many to be an anti-democratic, elitist, conspiracy for one-world-government. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Imagery:<br/> Alternative term for [[#Visualization|Visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Imagine,<br/> Nora Jennings, Springfield, MO: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], Dream Rap, uses [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']] as a text. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Impossible Possibilities,<br/> Marshall Lever, Annapolis, MD: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Numerology|numerology]], [[#Aura|auras]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Infinity Institute International,<br/> Royal Oak, MI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], Ancient Mystery philosophy, Egyptian revival. Publishes ''Subconsciously Speaking'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Connection,'''<br/> Lewisville, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Light,'''<br/> New Brunswick, NJ: [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] development, walk-ins.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Light Foundation,'''<br/> Betty Bethards, Novato, CA: [[#Psychic|Psychic]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], inner spirit guides, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Light Institute,'''<br/> Christina Thomas, Memphis, TN: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], inner child, firewalking, [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Peace Movement,'''<br/> Francisco Coll: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#Aura|auras]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Space Center:'''<br/> See [[#Prosperos|Prosperos]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Technologies,'''<br/> Richard Daab, Fairfax, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], reaching Samadhi (state of enlightenment), [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Vision,'''<br/> Brooklyn, NY: Mystical knowledge, [[#Aura|auras]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Inner Way,'''<br/> Bruce Derby, Homeland, CA: Spirit guides, mystical use of names. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Insight magazine,'''<br/> Washington, D.C.: Politically conservative, owned by the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Insight Transformational Seminars:<br/> See [[#MSIA|Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute for Advanced Perception,<br/> Harold S. Schroeppel, Oak Park, IL: [[#Tarot|Tarot]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute for Bio-Spiritual Research,<br/> Coulterville, CA: [[#New|New Age]], focusing, God-Consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute for Family and Human Relations,<br/> Los Gatos, CA: See [[#Life|Life Training]], same co-founder. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute for Human and Universal Energy Research, Inc. (IHUERI):<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute for the Advancement of Human Behavior,<br/> Stanford, CA: Guided Imagery ([[#Visualization|visualization]]) sessions. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research,'''<br/> Henry Clifford Kinley, Springfield, OH: Mixture of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]] and [[#Occult|Occult]]Taught the world would end in 1996. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Esoteric Study,<br/> Milwaukee, WI: [[#Occult|Occult]], Lunar festivals, [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Paganism|paganism]]Publishes the ''Lunar Letter''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Greater Awareness,<br/> Steve Mazzarella, Denver, CO: [[#Voodoo|Voodoo]], casting [[#Spell|spells]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Judaic">'''Institute of Judaic-Christian Research,'''</div> Vendyl Jones, Arlington, TX: [[#Bnai|B'nai Noah]], teaches Plural Covenant doctrine, teaches from the [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], and denies the Deity of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]See [[#DualCov|Dual Covenant]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Mental Science,<br/> Nashville, TN: Mental Science, [[#Psychic|psychic]] energy, [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Mentalphysics,<br/> Edwin Dingle, Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Eightfold path of Enlightenment, self-realization (a concept borrowed from [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]), self-realization, Supreme Mind. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Noetic Sciences,<br/> Edgar Mitchell, Sausalito, CA: From Greek word ''nous,'' meaning "mind." Healing through mind power, [[#New|New Age[[#Holistic|holistic health]]Founded in 1973 with 55,000 members worldwide. Current president Willis Harman. Publishes: ''Noetic Sciences Review'' and ''Noetic Sciences Bulletin'' and ''ReSource''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Sorcery,<br/> Hillsdale, IL: [[#Occult|Occult]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), [[#Ouija|Ouija board]], [[#Tarot|Tarot cards]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Institute of Spiritual Unfoldment:<br/> See [[#LightSpirit|Light of the Holy Spirit]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | International Assembly of Wizards,<br/> Brooklyn, NY: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Karma|karma]]-based cycles, cosmic vibrations, [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | International Association of Scientologists,<br/> England: Promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ICOC">'''International Churches of Christ,''' </div>Kip McKean, Los Angeles, CA: Formerly called the Boston Church of Christ movement, this worldwide splinter from the traditional [[#COC|Churches of Christ]] originally developed out of the controversial "Crossroads" Church of Christ campus ministry in Gainesville, FL. Former members and critics allege [[#MindControl|mind control]]Practices [[#Shepherding|shepherding]], teaches [[#BaptReg|baptismal regeneration]], and claims to be the only true church. Publishes ''Upside Down'' magazine. Aggressively recruits on college and university campuses throughout America and internationally. ''[[#profile/bostnpro.htm|Profile]]'' available <br/>
| + | |
| − | International Community of Christ:<br/> See [[#Jamilian|Jamilian University of the Ordained]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | International Congregation of Yahweh,<br/> Pocahontas, AR: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]Publishes ''Insight''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Fundamental of Astrological Sciences,'''<br/> New York, NY: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="GenSpirit">'''International General Assembly of Spiritualists,'''</div> Fred Jordan, Norfolk, VA: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], clairaudience and [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Mahayana Yoga Association,'''<br/> Bo-In Lee, Jamaica Plain, MA: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Meditation Society:'''<br/> See [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Metaphysical Association,'''<br/> New York, NY: Similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] theology; uses ''Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures'' as textbook. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Religious and Magickal Order of Societe,'''<br/> La Couleuvre Noire: See [[#Technicians|Technicians of the Sacred]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''International Society of Divine Love,'''<br/> H.D. Prakashanand Saraswati, Austin, TX: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], Divine Love consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ISKCON">'''International Society for Krishna Consciousness,'''</div> A.C. Bhaktivendanta Swami Prabhupada: (ISKCON) Sect of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], uses mantras, worships Lord [[#Krishna|Krishna]] and uses ''Bhagavad-Gita'' as scripture. Publishes ''Back to Godhead'' magazine. ''[[#profile/iskconpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | International Space Science Foundation,<br/> Rick Ardyn, Salt Lake City, UT: [[#UFO|UFOs]], claims to possess recordings of space people. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Into the Light,'''<br/> Tahlequah, OK: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Psychic|psychics]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Intuitive Explorations,<br/> Quincy, IL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Aura|auras]], [[#Numerology|numerology]], [[#Magic|magic]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Investigative Judgment">'''Investigative Judgment:'''</div> One of the unique doctrines of the [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventist Church]] that make the place of that church within [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]] questionable. First taught in [[#Adventism|Adventism]] by Hiram Edson, F.B. Hahn, and O.R.L. Crosier, it was accepted as "present truth" by those who would later become known as [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs)]] after it was confirmed and taught in visions received by Ellen G. White. The doctrine teaches that in the Holy of Holies in the Heavenly Sanctuary Christ is now conducting an investigation into the lives of all who have ever professed belief in Christ. He is judging all their works, by the standard of God's Law. All those whose lives fail to measure up to the standard of the Law are rejected and condemned as not having true faith. Those whose lives meet that standard and thus manifest the perfect character and righteousness of Christ are recognized as having true faith, and so their sins are "blotted out." SDAs say, "This judgment vindicates the justice of God in saving those who believe in Jesus. It declares that those who have remained loyal to God shall receive the kingdom." Evangelicals believe, and the Bible teaches (Rom. 3:21–26), that God's justice in saving sinners who trust Jesus to save them is vindicated by the blood of Jesus—His death in their place, in their behalf. [[#profile/sdapro.htm|''Profile'']] (on SDA) available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Invisible Fellowship<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#New|New Age]], promotes the teachings of [[#Urantia|''The URANTIA Book'']]''.''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Inward Bound,<br/> Alexander Everett, Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]], Centering, tapping into the Universal Consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Iridology">'''Iridology:'''</div> Developed by Ignatz Peczeky, a [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]] technique which supposedly allows one to diagnose unrelated diseases (such as a sprained ankle or weak back) by reading the color patterns of the eye's irises. Some practitioners also claim ability to diagnose emotional or mental problems. <br/><br/> | + | |
| − | '''Isis New Age Center,'''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Isis Unveiled:'''<br/> See [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''ISKCON:'''<br/> Acronym for [[#ISKCON|International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Islam">''''Islam,'''</div> Muhammad: Based on the teachings and life of Muhammad (570-632 AD) in Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia (then Persia). Islam is the second largest world religion, and has recently become the third largest religious body in America with over 6 million adherents. Muslim-based sects such as the [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]] (which appeals especially to African-Americans) and [[#Bahai|Bahá'í]] (which proclaims the unity of the human race) have special appeal to many Americans. Islam is composed of two major divisions — the mainstream Sunni (the largest) and the more radical Shi'ites. The mystical tradition of [[#Sufism|Sufism]] includes many Sunnis and some Shi'ites. The Arabic word ''Islam'' means "submission to the will of God" and a person who submits is called a Muslim. The Qur'an (or, Koran), the Torah, the Psalms of the Old Testament, and the Gospel of the New Testament are regarded as holy books. However, only the Qur'an is considered uncorrupted. Islam rejects the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] doctrine, the deity of [[#Christ|Christ]] and His Sonship, claiming that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was only a great prophet. Muhammad is considered to be the greatest prophet, whose coming was allegedly predicted by Christ. Islam adheres fiercely to monotheism. In addition to good works, salvation is sought though observance of the Five Pillars: reciting "there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger," praying five times per day, fasting, giving alms (donations to the poor), and a pilgrimage to Mecca. Historically, Islam experienced tremendous growth often by forced proselytism — unbelievers (infidels) were offered conversion or death. While many Muslims exhibit tolerance towards other faiths, even today Islamic fundamentalism promotes ''jihad'' (holy war), against those of other religious and political views. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Isthmus Institute,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], past-life experiences.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="J">'''J'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Jainism">'''Jainism,'''</div> Mahavira: A world religion begun as a reform movement of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] Mahavira (b. 599 BC ) denied the existence or worship of a supreme deity and taught enlightenment through strict self-denial and non-violence. Later followers deified Mahavira himself, calling him the 24th Tirthankara (last great savior teacher) who descended from heaven without sin and with all knowledge.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Jamilian">'''Jamilian University of the Ordained,'''</div> Gene Savoy, Reno, NV: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] teachings; Jamil (Gene Savoy's son) was second coming of Christ; Jesus was a mystic. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="JW">'''Jehovah's Witnesses:'''</div> Official name of the religion that accepts the authority of the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Jesus">'''Jesus:'''</div> The founder and central figure of Christianity. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine from about 5/4 BC until AD 33 (or possibly AD 30). The name "Jesus" corresponds with the Hebrew "Joshua" and means "Jehovah is salvation." [[#Christianity|Christianity]] was founded on the belief that Jesus is the Messiah, or [[#Christ|Christ]], promised in the Old Testament, and that he died to save human beings from the penalty of sin. Even ancient, non-Christian sources corroborate some historical facts about His life and ministry. By far, the oldest and fullest historical information is found in the New Testament [[#Gospel|Gospels]]Attempts have been made by [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]], [[#New" age="|New Agers]], [[#Cult|cults]], and other religions to present Jesus as a "great teacher" whose ministry or life was radically different from the biblical historical accounts. While these efforts often define a "Jesus" compatible with their world views, they lack early supporting historical documentation and are thus arbitrary and subjective. The sources support the historic, traditional Christian belief that Jesus is the second Person of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], that he was and is fully God and fully man, that he was born of a virgin, died on the cross as a substitutionary atonement for our sins, and rose bodily from the dead. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Jesus Only:'''<br/> Nickname for [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]]See [[#Modalism|Modalism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Jihad:'''<br/> Literally, "struggle," more popularly, "holy war"; a term used to refer to the Muslim commitment to impose the teachings and law of [[#Islam|Islam]] throughout the world, by force where that is considered necessary or appropriate. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Joan Teresa Power Products,'''<br/> Mars Hill, NC: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Voodoo|voodoo]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]). Publishes an annual catalog. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Johannine Daist Communion,<br/> "Da Free John." a.k.a. Franklin Jones: Promotes violence against women in his book ''Garbage And The Goddess.'' It is said that he makes "love slaves" of women. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="John-David">'''John-David Learning Institute,'''</div> Carlsbad, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Brain-Mind expansion, Brain relations development. <br/><br/> | + | |
| − | '''Jones, Jim:'''<br/> Founder of the [[#Jonestown|People's Temple Christian Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Jones, Vendyl:'''<br/> Founder of the [[#Judaic|Institute of Judaic-Christian Research]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Jouret, Luc:'''<br/> Leader of the [[#Solar|Order of the Solar Temple]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Joy Lake Mountain Seminar Center,<br/> Reno, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Joy of Living,'''<br/> Roosevelt, NJ: [[#New|New Age]], spirit within is Divine, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Judaism">'''Judaism:'''</div> World religion that traces its origins to God's call to Abram (Abraham) to be the father of a great people who would inherit the land of Canaan and be the means of blessing to all mankind (Genesis 12). That people is identified as the children of Abraham's grandson Jacob, who was renamed Israel. The foundation of Judaism is the Torah (Genesis through Deuteronomy), which tells of the Israelites' bondage in Egypt, their miraculous deliverance in the Exodus, and the giving of the Law through Moses. The Israelites returned to the promised land of Canaan and became a small but powerful nation there under the rule of King David and his son Solomon. After Solomon's death the kingdom split into a northern kingdom called Israel and a southern kingdom called Judah (the name of David's tribe).<br/> The northern kingdom was conquered and decimated by the Assyrians in 722 BC, after which the term Judeans, or Jews, gradually came into use to refer to all Israelites. The Jews suffered conquests by a succession of foreign powers — the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and finally the Romans in the first century BC. Throughout this period the Jews developed a strong sense of national identity, identification with the Promised Land, and anticipation of a coming Messiah or [[#Christ|Christ]] ("Anointed One"). These themes dominate the rest of the Jewish Bible, which is identical with the Protestant canon of the Old Testament.<br/> In the first century AD, [[#Christianity|Christianity]] originated with the belief that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was that promised Messiah. The Jewish establishment at that time, however, rejected Jesus' claim to be the Messiah, and in fulfillment of his prophecy (Mark 13) the Jerusalem temple was destroyed and the Jewish nation scattered (AD 70). What is now known as the religion of Judaism originated after AD 70 as the rabbis, or teachers of the Torah, developed a system of laws and interpretations of the Torah that were eventually codified in the Talmud. Today Judaism can be identified as a cultural, ethnic, or religious concept. There are three main branches of modern Judaism: Orthodox (traditional, literal adherence to the Torah as interpreted by the Talmud), Conservative (a middle position advocating traditional beliefs and practices up to a point), and Reform (liberal, non-literal stance on the Torah and Talmud; often non-religious or secular with emphasis on Jewish culture). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="k">'''K'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kabat-Sinn, Jon:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] leader introducing [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]] into hospitals for stress reduction.
| + | |
| − | <div id="Kabbalah">'''Kabbalah:'''</div> (Various spellings) Mystical Jewish teachings intermingled with teachings of [[#Gnosticism|gnosticism]], Neoplatonism, [[#Magic|magic]] and the [[#Occult|occult]] The word Kabbalah means secret oral tradition and was coined by an eleventh century Spanish philosopher, Ibn Gabirol. The philosophy developed in Babylon during the middle ages from earlier Hebrew speculation and [[#Numerology|numerology]]An early Kabbalist, Moses de Leon, developed and systematized the philosophy in his thirteenth century work, ''The Book of Zolar'' (sometimes spelled ''Zohar'' meaning "Splendor"). <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kairos Foundation:'''<br/> See [[#Life|Life Training]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Karma">'''Karma:'''</div> The [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] principle of cause and effect. Representing neither good nor evil, all actions and events are balanced with corresponding actions and events in the past or future (including past and future lives through [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Karma Yoga:'''<br/> See [[#Karma|Karma]], [[#Yoga|Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Katherine,'''<br/> Brooklyn, NY: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] development. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Keen, Sam:'''<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] teacher and author. Featured in a series on PBS with [[#Moyers|Bill Moyers]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kemp, Daniel,'''<br/> Patchogue, NY: [[#Numerology|Numerology]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], promotes [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]'s teachings. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kerista Consciousness Church,'''<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Divine Cosmos, the "hippie [[#Goddess|goddess]]" Kerista. Publishes ''Utopian Eyes'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Keyes College,'''<br/> Ken and Penny Keyes, Eugene, OR: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], higher self, promotes[[#Bradshaw| John Bradshaw]]'s philosophy, [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Keys To Understanding:'''<br/> See [[#Messianic|Messianic Assemblies of Yahweh]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kingdom Voice Publications,'''<br/> Joseph Jeffers, St. James, MO: [[#UFO|UFOs]], [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Kirpal">'''Kirpal Light Satsang,'''</div> Sant Thakar Singh, Kinderhook, NY: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]], eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Guru|guru]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Klassen, Frank,'''<br/> Ft. David, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]]; publishes ''The Overcomer'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Knight">'''Knight, J.Z.:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeler]] of spirit entity called [[#Ramtha|Ramtha]], an alleged [[#Ascended|Ascended Master]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Koresh, David:'''<br/> See [[#Davidians|Branch Davidians]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kosmon:'''<br/> See [[#Kosmon|Universal Faithists of Kosmon]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Krastman, Hank:'''<br/> See [[#MetaphysicalUnion|Metaphysical Union]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Krieger, Dolores:'''<br/> See [[#Touch|Therapeutic Touch]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kripalu Yoga Retreat''',<br/> Amrit Desai, Summit Station, PA: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Hinduism|Hindu]] philosophy, [[#Yoga|yoga]], self-realization is god realization. Publishes ''Yoga Quest'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Krishna">'''Krishna:'''</div> According to some [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] sects, Krishna is the eighth or ninth incarnation of Vishnu and possibly the manifestation of the supreme demigod/God incarnating as Vishnu. Devotion to Krishna has been introduced in the West especially through the [[#ISKCON|International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="KrishnamurtiFound">'''Krishnamurti Foundation of America'''</div> Ojai, CA: [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] theology. Krishnamurti, a Hindu who sought to unify Eastern religion with Western philosophy and science, was proclaimed as the world's messiah by [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]] leader Annie Besant in 1906. He later renounced that role to be the head of the newly created Order of the Star. Teaches alternative mystical experiences. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Kundalini">'''Kundalini:'''</div> Eastern [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] term for the serpent force or [[#Chi|Chi]] (spiritual/[[#Psychic|psychic]] energy or life force) that is supposedly within humans. Also, the form of [[#Yoga|yoga]] that seeks to focus that force. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Kunz, Dora''':<br/> See [[#Touch|Therapeutic Touch]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="L">'''L'''<div/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''L. Ron Hubbard Gallery,'''<br/> Hollywood, CA: Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy.
| + | |
| − | '''Laksmi:'''<br/> (or Lakshma) The name of one of [[#Krishna|Krishna]]'s consorts. Also, a Hare Krishna term for money in the [[#ISKCON|International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Laodicean Home Missionary, John Krewson'''<br/> Ft. Myers, FL: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lao-tzu:'''<br/> See [[#Taoism|Taoism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Latter-day Church of Christ,'''<br/> Merlin Kingston, Salt Lake City, UT: Polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group led by Merlin and Ortell Paul Kingston. Membership estimates range between 300 and 1,500 members. The group is believed to own or control more than 24 companies and have holdings in Nevada, Idaho, and possibly Arizona and Mexico. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Laughing Dove,'''<br/> Albuquerque, NM: Produces "consciousness raising products for Body, Mind and Spirit." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="La Vey">'''La Vey, Anton Szandor:'''</div> Authored the'' [[#SatanicBible|Satanic Bible]]'', founded the [[#ChurchofSatan|Church of Satan]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LHMM">'''Laymen's Home Missionary Movement,'''</div> Raymond Jolly, Chester Springs, PA: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group; publishes ''The Bible Standard and Herald of Christ's Kingdom'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lazaris:'''<br/> Spirit supposedly channeled by [[#Pursel|Jach Pursel]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''LDS:'''<br/> Acronym for [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lectorium Rosicrucianism,'''<br/> Bakersfield, CA: Splinter group of [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lee, Bo-In'''<br/>: See [[#NewLife|New Life HealthCenter]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Legalism">'''Legalism:'''</div> The belief that spirituality or salvation is dependent upon strict observance of laws and/or rituals, implying [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]Or, a system of religious rules must be kept to please God or religious leaders, sometimes resulting in a kind of [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lemurian Fellowship''',<br/> Ramona, CA: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric ]]Christianity, The Great Being called [[#Christ|Christ]] which was over 76,000 years ago, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lenz, Frederick'''<br/>: Guru who renamed himself [[#ZenMaster|Zen Master Rama]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Les 18 lumieres de l'EU (LEU18):'''<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LibChrist">'''Liberal Christianity:'''</div> A movement that seeks to retain religious and spiritual values of [[#Christianity|Christianity]] while discounting the infallible authority of the Bible. Its origins are in the German Enlightenment, notably in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the religious views of Friedrich Schleiermacher. Liberals reject the stated authorship and historical accuracy of many books of the Bible. They are skeptical concerning many or all of the biblical miracles, preferring naturalistic explanations or viewing miracle accounts as legend or myth. They often deny or reinterpret in mythical terms such doctrines of [[#OrthChrist|orthodox Christianity]] as the virgin birth, atoning death, and even the resurrection of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]Liberalism has been most influential in mainline Protestant denominations and is rejected in [[#EvanChrist|Evangelical]] and [[#FundChrist|Fundamentalist]] Christianity. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LibTheo">'''Liberation Theology:'''</div> A movement that attempts to unite theology with social and religious concerns about oppression. It finds expressions among blacks, feminists, Asians, Hispanics, and Native Americans, but it is most closely identified with the shift toward [[#Marxism|Marxism]] among [[#Roman|Roman Catholic]] theologians and priests in Latin America. Most traditional doctrines of [[#Christianity|Christianity]] are de-emphasized or reinterpreted. Jesus and the Bible are defined and interpreted in light of a class struggle, with the [[#Gospel|gospel]] seen as a radical call to activism (or even revolution) promoting political and social answers usually in the form of classic Communism. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Life Enhancement Systems,<br/> Houston, TX: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Life">''']Life Training,'''</div> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]] seminars that seek to awaken people to a new level of awareness and belief systems; Eastern spiritual philosophy. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Life Understanding Foundation,'''<br/> Santa Barbara, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#PyrPow|pyramid power]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s and [[#Crystal|crystals]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Lifespring">'''Lifespring:'''</div> New Age seminars promoting human transformation and altering belief systems. Similar to [[#Est|est]]<br/><br/> | + | |
| − | <div id="Lifton">'''Lifton, Robert:''' </div>Dr. Lifton studied Mao Tse-Tung's programs of "Thought Reform" or Chinese [[#Brainwashing|brainwashing]] while doing research for military intelligence. His study focused on radical change in personality and belief systems of certain prisoners-of-war who were held and tortured in Chinese camps. This research was later expanded in his 1961 work, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism, in which he theorized that subtle elements of these brainwashing techniques could also be found in other environments. He outlined eight criteria for "thought reform," which he called: [[#MilieuControl|Milieu Control]], [[#MysticalManipulation|Mystical Manipulation]], [[#LoadingLanguage|Loading the Language]], [[#DoctrineoverPerson|Doctrine over Person]], [[#SacredScience|Sacred Science]], [[#CultConfession|Cult of Confession]], [[#DemandPurity|Demand for Purity]], and [[#DispensingExistence|Dispensing of Existence]]While some elements of these criteria could be found in virtually any group, Lifton warned that an environment of [[#MindControl|mind control]] or thought reform exists when all eight are found implemented in the extreme. <br/><br/> | + | |
| − | '''Light Canal,'''<br/> Winchester, OH: [[#Tarot|Tarot cards]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Aura|aura]], moon [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Occult|occult]] medicine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Light Connections,'''<br/> Cardiff, CA: [[#New|New Age]]/eastern mystic periodical. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Light of the City Ministry,<br/> Renton, WA: [[#Magic|Magic]] power of words, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]Publishes the '''Let There Be Light''' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LightSpirit">'''Light of the Holy Spirit,'''</div> Harry Lee Holmberg, Bativia, IL: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Aura|auras]], some similarities to the [[#IAM|I AM]] movement. <br/> | + | |
| − | Light of the Universe,<br/> Maryona Tiffin, OH: [[#New|New Age]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s. Publishes ''The Lotus'' quarterly. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LightTruth">'''Light of Truth Church,'''</div> Fra Zarathustra, Pasadena, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]Publishes ''The White Light'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Light of Truth Church of Divine Healing:'''<br/> See [[#GenSpirit|International General Assembly of Spiritualists]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Light of Yoga Society,'''<br/> Cleveland Heights, OH: [[#Yoga|Yoga]]Publishes ''Yoga In America'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Light Speed,'''<br/> Zavi and Zava, Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Channeling|channeling]]Publishes the ''Light Speed'' magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lighted Way''',<br/> Santa Monica, CA: [[#Pyramidology|Pyramidology]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], Divine Mother, [[#Alchemy|alchemy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lightworker,'''<br/> Azel, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Psychic|psychic]]Publishes the ''Lightworker'' newspaper. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lion and Lamb Ministries,<br/> Monte W. Judah,''' <br/>Norman, OK: Messianic Jewish ministry. Holds that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is the biblical Messiah. [[#Legalism|Legalistic]] tendencies, [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], practices Jewish holy days. Judah falsely predicted that the Abomination of Desolation prophesied in the [[#Bible|Bible]] would occur by March of 1997 promising he would be "totally discredited" and would "shut down" the ministry if wrong. On March 23, 1997 he apologized for the [[#False|false prophecy]] but reneged on his vow to disband the movement. [Note: this group should not be confused with the Texas-based Lamb & Lion Ministries, a reputable Christian organization led by David R. Reagan.] <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LitCrit">'''Literary Criticism:'''</div> The discipline that seeks to discover the underlying literary sources, stylistic features, type or genre of literature, authorship, unity, and date of a text, for their value in interpreting the text's meaning in its original historical context. The application of literary criticism to the Bible can be constructive, although in [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] the method is typically applied on the basis of antisupernatural and humanistic assumptions. See further [[#FormCrit|Form Criticism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Little">'''Little Flock:'''</div> (Anointed Class) In the teaching of the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]], this phrase (Luke 12:32) refers to the 144,000 Jehovah's Witnesses who will be allowed to go to heaven. All other worthy Jehovah's Witnesses (the "other sheep" cf. John 10:16) will live for eternity on a new paradise earth. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lively Stones Fellowship,'''<br/> Palatka, FL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], Body/Mind Centering.<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Living Stream Ministry:'''<br/> Publishing firm for [[#Local%22" church="|The Local Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Living Waters,'''<br/> Lois Roden, Waco, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]]; taught that the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] is Father, Mother (Holy Spirit) and Son. Published ''Shekinah'' newsletter. Now defunct. See [[#Davidians|Branch Davidians]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | L/L Research,<br/> Louisville, KY: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, attain Higher God-self. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Llewellyn">'''Llewellyn Worldwide, Ltd.,'''</div> St. Paul, MN: See "Spell." Influential publisher of [[#Occult|occult]], [[#New|New Age]], and [[#Wicca|Wiccan]] materials begun in 1901 as the Portland School of Astrology. The current president is Carl Weschcke who in 1988 acquired the magazine Fate, which now has 140,000 subscribers. Their popular catalog, New Worlds, is sold in newsstands nationwide and has a circulation of nearly 200,000. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="LoadingLanguage">'''Loading the Language:''' </div>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. Limiting or controlling the thought processes by regulating the language in such a way that communication constricts and limits rather than expands human understanding. This may include the use of thought-stopping clichés or artificially reducing complex issues to a false black/white dichotomy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Local">'''Local Church, The''',</div> Watchman Nee, Anaheim, CA: Controversial movement begun in China in the early 1920s by Ni To-sheng (Watchman Nee). Growth and controversy developed during the administration of their second leader, the late Witness Lee, who moved to America in 1962 founding Living Stream Ministry. Among issues drawing criticism from [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christians]] is the Local Church's use of the term "mingling" to describe the relationship between God and believers (i.e., Christians become both divine and human like [[#Jesus|Jesus]]). Some evangelicals have also charged that the church compromises the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] doctrine by confusing the Persons of the Holy Spirit and the Son in a way similar to [[#Modalism|modalism]] The organization's exclusivity has also comme under fire. According to Lee, each city can and should have only one church. Denominationalism is seen as of the Devil. According to critics, the effect is that Lee-led local churches, usually called by the name of their cities (e.g., the Church in Anaheim or the Church in Chicago), become the only true expressions of the Body of Christ. Thus, according to former members, all other churches or denominations are seen as being outside the will of God or not true churches at all. The Local Church has also gained a reputation for threatening legal action to prevent unfavorable public evaluation of its movement. Even Christian critics have been targeted, adding to the evidence that they do not consider believers outside their movement to be true or obedient Christians (1 Corinthians 6:1–8). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Lodge:'''<br/> See [[#Freemasonry|Freemasonry]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lor'd Industries,'''<br/> Hancock, WI: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#New|New Age]] periodical/catalog. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lotus:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Louis Foundation,'''<br/> Louis, Eastsound, WA: [[#New|New Age]], cosmic consciousness, Unmanifested Reality, Inner secrets, '''True Realization and Awareness.''' <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Loving Relationships Training,'''<br/> Sondra Ray: [[#New|New Age]], seminars, [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lucifer:'''<br/> Another name for [[#Satan|Satan]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lucifer Trust/Lucis Trust:'''<br/> See [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lucis Trust:'''<br/> See [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lumen Foundation,'''<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] traditions, [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]Publishes the ''Gnosis'' journal. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Lumin Essence Productions''',<br/> Oakland, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], spirit entities, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]] Orin and DaBen. Publishes ''Birth Into Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Luna Astrological Services,'''<br/> Flint, MI: [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="M">'''M'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mackey, Albert:'''<br/> See [[#Freemasonry|Freemasonry]].
| + | |
| − | '''MacLaine, Shirley:'''<br/> Former film actress turned [[#New|New Age]] author; seminars, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Chakras|chakras]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Mafu:<br/> Spirit supposedly [[#Channeling|channeled]] by [[#Torres|Penny Torres]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Magi Center, Inc.,<br/> Paradise, CA: [[#Psychic|Psychic[[#Channeling| channeling]], Higher Beings, [[#Meditation|meditation]], cosmic friends, astral worlds. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Magic">'''Magic:'''</div> (Magick) [[#Occult|Occult]] ceremonial use of amulets and [[#Talisman|talismans]]May involve [[#Necromancy|necromancy]] or [[#Divination|divination]], invocation of infernal deities or use of natural elements to gain supernatural power or knowledge. The word magic is also used to describe a type of stage performance involving legerdemain (slight of hand) or illusion with no alleged [[#Psychic|psychic]] or occult power. This type of stage magic is not inherently evil, although occultists have occasionally used stage magic in an attempt to claim supernatural abilities. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Magic—The Gathering:'''<br/> A [[#FRPG|fantasy role playing]] card game involving [[#Satanism|Satanism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), and the [[#Occult|occult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Maharishi Ayur-Ved Foundation:<br/> Promotes teachings of [[#Maharishi|Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], the founder of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Maharishi International University,<br/> Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Fairfield, IA: [[#New|New Age]] or [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] beliefs, started by founder of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Maharishi">'''Maharishi Mahesh Yogi:'''</div> Founder of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mahavira:'''<br/> See [[#Jainism|Jainism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mahikari,'''<br/> Kutama Okada, Houston, TX: Japanese philosophy, Divine light purifies the soul, mind and body. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Malcolm X:'''<br/> See [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mandragore,'''<br/> New York, NY: Egyptian rituals, [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Polytheism|polytheism]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mantra">'''Mantra:'''</div> Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]] or [[#New|New Age]] term for a word or series of words that are repeated over and over either verbally or silently. The Mantra is said to help one achieve an [[#Altered|altered state of consciousness]]Often practiced during [[#Meditation|meditation]] or relaxation exercises. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Marah,<br/> Madison, NJ: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, Egyptian revival, [[#Wicca|Wicca]], moon festivals, [[#Divination|divination]], [[#Rune|runes]], [[#Astral|astral journeys]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Maranatha Ministries,''' <br/>Brooklyn, MI: End-times [[#False|false prophecy]] group. Taught Christ would return in 1998. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mark-Age,'''<br/> Miami, FL: [[#New|New Age]], light-Body manifestations, [[#UFO|UFO]]s, Lord Sananda, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Mark Probert's Educational Foundation and Kethra E'Da (Teachers of Light):<br/> See [[#Yada|Church of E Yada di Shi-ite]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Martindale">'''Martindale, Craig:'''</div> Installed as president of [[#Way|The Way International]] by founder Victor Paul Weirwille in 1982. Martindale resigned leadership April 20, 2000, after a former member filed a lawsuit accusing him of forcing her into a sexual relationship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Marxism">'''Marxism/Leninism,'''</div> Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, V.I. Lenin: Atheistic philosophy of communism based on the "class struggle" theory of socioeconomic evolution derived from dialectic materialism. Sometimes confused by the uninformed with biblical mandates to care for the poor, and the voluntary sharing of resources practiced by some primitive Christians. Marxism advocates establishment of a classless, stateless society by revolutionary force; it has always led, however, to totalitarian statism, and has never successfully eliminated any class but the ''bourgeoisie,'' the middle class, leaving the great majority of its subjects in poverty. It is militantly atheistic. Marx wrote, "The criticism of religion ends with the teaching that man is the highest being for man?" He contended that man "looked for a superhuman being in the fantastic reality of heaven and found nothing there but the reflection of himself." Wrote Engels, "?we have once and for all declared war on religion and religious ideas and care little whether we are called atheists or anything else." Citing Marx and Engels as his authorities, Lenin declared that "the philosophical basis of Marxism" is "a materialism which is absolutely atheistic and positively hostile to all religion." His hostility bordered on hysteria: "Every religious idea, every idea of God, even flirting with the idea of God, is unutterable vileness ? vileness of the most dangerous kind, ‘contagion' of the most abominable kind. Millions of sins, filthy deeds, acts of violence and physical contagions ? are far less dangerous than the subtle, spiritual idea of a God decked out in the smartest ‘ideological' customs?. Every defense or justification of the idea of God, even the most refined, the best intentioned, is a justification of reaction." <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mary's House of David,<br/> Mary Purnell,''' <br/>Benton Harbor, MI: Founded by the widow of Benjamin Purnell. See [[#HouseDavid|House of David]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Masonry:'''<br/> See [[#Freemasonry|Freemasonry]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Master">'''Master of Life,'''</div> Dick Sutphen, Agoura Hills, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]]Publishes the ''Winners'' newspaper. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Masters, Roy:<br/> Founder of the [[#Understanding|Foundation of Human Understanding]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Matagiri Sri Aurobindo Center:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], Divine reality, Great Mother, self perfection. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Maya">'''Maya:'''</div> The [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] principle that all is an illusion and that ultimately the physical world, contacted through the conscious mind and the five senses, does not represent reality. This philosophy is also taught by many within the [[#New|New Age]] Movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Maya Factor,'''<br/> Jose Arguelles: [[#New|New Age]] book on which the [[#Harmonic|Harmonic Convergence]] was based. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mayan Order,'''<br/> San Antonio, TX: [[#New|New Age]], Unity between man's Inner force and Cosmic Universal force. Publishes ''Mayan Mysteries'' magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''McKean, Kip:'''<br/> See [[#ICOC|International Churches of Christ]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Meditation">'''Meditation:'''</div> Entering an [[#Altered|altered state of consciousness]] by use of a [[#Mantra|mantra]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], deep relaxation techniques, controlled breathing or [[#Visualization|visualization]]Often linked to Eastern metaphysical philosophies, the [[#New|New Age]] and/or Eastern religions, these techniques promote the ''emptying'' of the mind or the suspension of critical thinking. This is different from biblical Meditation where one is encouraged to meditate ''on'' God, His attributes or His word, employing the whole mind (Joshua 1:8; Luke 10:27). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Group">'''Meditation Group for New Age,'''</div> Ojai, CA: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] philosophy, [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Medium">'''Medium:'''</div> A [[#Psychic|psychic]] or [[#Channeling|channeler]] who claims to be able to contact and communicate with the dead, as in a [[#Seance|seance]]Such [[#Occult|occult]] communication with the dead, known as [[#Necromancy|necromancy]], is forbidden in the Bible. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mega:'''<br/> Periodical of the [[#NACC|New Age Community Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Megiddo Mission Church,<br/> L.T. Nichols, Rochester, NY: Denies [[#Trinity|Trinity]]; Heaven and Hell are illusions; the [[#Satan|Devil]] is of man's imagination. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Menhir:'''<br/> "Long Stone." See [[#Stonehenge|Stonehenge]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Meridian">'''Meridians:'''</div> See [[#Chi|Chi]], [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]], [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Mesmer, Franz:<br/> Founder of [[#Mesmerism|Mesmerism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mesmerism">'''Mesmerism:'''</div> An 18th century movement begun in France by the Austrian doctor Franz Anton Mesmer, who believed that [[#Astrology|astrological]] influence on humans was conveyed through a force or substance similar to magnetism. He first began treating patients with magnets or charged fluids but quickly modified his position, theorizing that cures were actually coming from an energy or mysterious "magnetic fluid" coming from the hands, voice, or nervous system of the practitioner. This invisible substance or magnetism was thought to be similar to electro-magnetism and was dubbed "Animal Magnetism." Mesmer's pupils were later able to induce a "magnetic sleep" (trance state or hypnotic condition) in their patients. The term Mesmerism eventually became analogous with [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]] and was linked with both [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]] and [[#Mind|Mind Science]] religions. See [[#Altered|Altered States of Consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Messianic">'''Messianic Assemblies of Yahweh,'''</div> North Warren, PA: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] group; publishes ''The Messianic Messenger'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Metaphysics">'''Metaphysics:'''</div> (''Meta,'' "after" or "beyond"; ''physics'' "physical"). Originally any study or discussion of non-physical, spiritual, or non-material realities. Later, in modern usage, it usually means experimentation with, belief in, or practice of [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] powers, or the [[#Occult|occult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Metaphysical Institute for Research and Development,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], man is divine, [[#Meditation|meditation]] breathing, God is All. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Metaphysical Union">'''Metaphysical Union,'''</div> Hank Krastman, Encino, CA: [[#New|New Age]], mystic knowledge, [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Cayce|Edgar Cayce]] materials. Publishes ''The Unexplained'' magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Meyer, Aleta,<br/> Albuquerque, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Channeling|channeler]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Michael, Sandra:<br/> [[#Channeling|Channeler]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Midwest Research of Michigan,<br/> Walled Lake, MI: [[#Visualization|Visualization]], deep relaxation techniques, Subliminal tapes. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="MilieuControl">'''Milieu Control:'''</div> One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. Milieu control is the systematic, strict regulation of human communication, relationships, and access to outside information and alternative viewpoints. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Miller, Monte Kim:'''<br/> See "[[#ConcernedChristians|Concerned Christians]]." <br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Miller">'''Miller, William:'''</div> Baptist lay minister from Low Hampton, New York who was excommunicated for teachings that [[#Christ|Christ]] would return in 1844. Although Miller repented after his prediction failed and opposed further speculations, his teachings gave rise to [[#Adventism|Adventism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Mind/Body Medical Institute,<br/> Herbert Benson, Cambridge, MA: Affiliated with Harvard Medical School, the Institute was founded by Dr. Herbert Benson, the Chief of Behavioral Medicine at Harvard, to research and train practitioners in [[#Holistic|holistic health]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mind Control">'''Mind Control''' </div>(Thought Reform, brainwashing) While evangelicals are lack consensus on the nature, extent or, in some cases, even existence of Mind Control, the Bible does warns against seducers, deceivers, and exploiters who employ methods that can bring about spiritual harm and/or personal abuse. The Mind Control or Thought Reform model, as for instance developed by [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]], suggests that there are specific methods of deception that can be employed by abusive spiritual leaders that may result in a diminished capacity for critical thinking and suppression of autonomy in their followers. These methods are believed to involve an intense social influence conditioning program which may include a closed system of authoritarian control, manipulative, group dynamics, a system of punishment and rewards, induced dissociation or [[#Trance|trance]] induction, information control, fraud, coercion, and [[#DoubleBind|double binds]] Depending on the number and intensity of undue influence elements, and a person's own unique susceptibilities, one may experience a pseudo personality change and marked debilitation, compliance, and servitude. The Mind Control model should not be interpreted to mean that the subject is not responsible for the consequences of his or her decisions and actions. The Mind Control theory is not justification for holding individuals against their will or for conducting forcible, involuntary [[#Deprogram|deprogramming]]
| + | |
| − | Mind Power Technique:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] process to read [[#Aura|auras]] and balance [[#Chakras|chakras]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mind">'''Mind Sciences:'''</div> A generic, general classification of religious groups that hold to the belief that human beings are inherently divine and that mind or thoughts are energy forms that can create and/or alter reality. Most often used in reference to the American religions formed since the middle of the 19th century, especially [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]], [[#NewThought|New Thought]], and [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]], that deny the actuality of sin, sickness, and/or death and promote health though mental practices. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Miracle Distribution Center,<br/> Fullerton, CA: [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']] promotional organization. Publishes ''The Holy Encounter'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mitchell, Wayman:'''<br/> Founder of the [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]] church movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mo Letters:'''<br/> See [[#Family|The Family]] (Children of God). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Modalism">'''Modalism:'''</div> (Patripassianism, Modalistic [[#Monarchianism|Monarchianism]], Sabellianism, Jesus Only, [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostalism]]) Originally, a second and third century heresy that denies the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], teaching there is only one Person in the Godhead. While the Trinity doctrine teaches three distinct Persons, modalism maintains that one Person (usually the Father) has manifested Himself at different times under different names ([[#Jesus|Jesus]]/Spirit) or modes. Thus, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are three names for the same Person. Originally taught in various forms by Noetus, Praxeas and Sabellius. Modified forms of this doctrine can be found in the teachings of [[#Branham|William Branham]], some [[#Apostolic|Apostolic churches]] and the [[#UPC|United Pentecostal Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Mother Ruth: <br/>See [[#ScienceMan|Science of Man]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mohammed">'''Mohammed:'''</div> Founder of the world religion of [[#Islam|Islam]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Monarchianism">'''Monarchianism:'''</div> View found primarily in the third century that denied the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], arguing that because God's nature is one He cannot exist eternally in three Persons. The two most popular forms of monarchianism were [[#DynamicMonarchianism|dynamic monarchianism]] and [[#Modalism|modalism]]<br/><br/>>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mon-Ka">'''Mon-Ka Retreat and Universal Mother Mary's Garden of Healing, Energy, Love and Light,'''</div> Mary Pacquette, Gabriel Green, Grass Valley, CA: [[#Channeling|Channeling]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#IAM|I AM]] teachings of [[#Germain|St. Germain]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucian teachings]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings. Publishes the ''News From The Mountain Top'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Monroe Institute,'''<br/> Robert Monroe, Faber, VA: [[#OBE|Out-of-Body experiences]], Evolution of Human Consciousness. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Moon, Sun Myung:'''<br/> Founder of the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Moonies:'''<br/> Nickname for followers of Rev. Sun Myung Moon's [[#Unification|Unification Church]]Considered a derogatory term by members. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="MorFund">'''Mormon Fundamentalism:'''</div> A loose collection of doctrines and practices maintained by splinter groups of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)]] These splinter groups attempt to adhere to the tenets of earlier LDS leaders such as Joseph Smith and Brigham Young. Expressions of Mormon fundamentalism may include polygamy (forbidden by the LDS Church in the 1890s), communal living, and the [[#BloodAtone|blood atonement]] doctrine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mormonism:'''<br/> Common name for [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Moses de Leon:'''<br/> See [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Moyers">'''Moyers,'''</div> Bill: Former Baptist who is known for his exploration of [[#New|New Age]] themes on public television. On PBS specials he promoted [[#Campbell|Joseph Campbell]]'s ''Power of Myth'' as well as [[#Holistic|holistic health]], i.e., New Age medicine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''MSIA,'''<br/> John-Roger Hinkins: See [[#MSIA|Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Muhammad:'''<br/> See [[#Mohammed|Mohammed]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Muhammad, Elijah:'''<br/> See [[#NatIslam|Nation of Islam]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Murray, Arnold:'''<br/> Pastor of the [[#Shepherd%27s|Shepherd's Chapel]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Muscle Testing">'''Muscle Testing:'''</div> See [[#Kinesiology|Applied Kinesiology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Music Square Church:'''<br/> See [[#Alamo|Alamo Christian Foundation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Muslim:'''<br/> Follower of the religion of [[#Islam|Islam]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mysteria Products Company:'''<br/> See [[#Dorene|Dorene Publishing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Mystical Crossroads''',<br/> Atco, NJ: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Magic|magick]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]). Access to over 35,000 [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] books; sells incense, oils, cauldrons, candles, [[#Crystal|crystals]], statues and the complete "Wiccan Altar Set." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mystical Manipulation">'''Mystical Manipulation:''' </div>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. A group dynamic involving contrived, manipulated behavior designed to appear spontaneous which produces feelings and/or actions that are misinterpreted as spiritual phenomena. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mysticism">'''Mysticism:'''</div> The theory or belief that man can know God or religious truth through the inward perception of the mind, internal illumination, or special revelation, and that such knowledge is more immediate, direct, and reliable than that obtained by ordinary understanding or sense perception.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="N">'''N'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Narcanon">'''Narcanon,'''</div> Los Angeles, CA: Promotes [[#Scientology|Scientology]] philosophy.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NatIslam">'''Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad:'''</div> A sect of [[#Islam|Islam]] originating in America composed of black Americans. Followers, sometimes called Black Muslims, believe that Allah (God) appeared in 1930 to the last great prophet Elijah Muhammad, in the person of Wallace D. Fard. Elijah Muhammad borrowed many beliefs from traditional Islam but introduced important differences. Most notable was the focus on black oppression and equating Satan and evil with the white race. Malcolm X became a notable leader of the movement in the 1960s and the focus on black supremacy and militancy escalated. Malcolm X later converted to traditional Islam and rejected radical black supremacy and was subsequently murdered. The current leader of the Nation is Islam is Louis Farrakhan. ''[[#profile/nationofislampro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NationYahweh">'''Nation of Yahweh,'''</div> Yahweh ben Yahweh (a.k.a., Hulon Mitchell, Jr.), Miami, FL: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] group; believes God is Black and that Mitchell is God. <br/>
| + | |
| − | National Council for Geocosmic Research,<br/> Westchester, IL: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Karma|karma]]Publishes the ''Tree of Life'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | National Institute for Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine, Mansfield Center, CT: [[#Hypnosis|Hypnosis]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ScienceCenter">'''National Spiritual Science Center,'''</div> Alice Tindalli, Washington, D.C.: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]], Universal Creative Energy. <br/>
| + | |
| − | National Spiritualist Association of Churches, Cassadaga, FL: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Spiritualism|spiritualism]], [[#Medium|mediums]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NatAm">'''Native American Spirituality:'''</div> The religious beliefs, practices, and rituals associated Native Americans. Early Native American beliefs, though diverse, often shared common religious ideas. Many believed in a "Great Spirit," that nature in all of its forms possesses spirits ([[#Animism|animism]] or [[#Spiritism|spiritism]]), and that all life is interconnected. Seasons and moons often were viewed as marking times of evocation for spirits and prosperity. Some [[#New|New Age]] believers promote revival of Native American spirituality, seeing obvious parallels with their own views. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Natural Law Party:'''<br/> Political party started by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the father of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation (TM)]] Critics allege it exists to promote the Maharishi's religious movement at taxpayers' expense through campaign matching funds provided for political candidates in the United States. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nature's Sunshine,'''<br/> Kristine Hughes, Spanish Fork, UT: Holistic health, especially [[#Iridology|iridology]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#MuscleTesting|muscle testing]]; also [[#Visualization|visualization]]Publishes the ''Natures Field'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NDE">'''Near-death experience (NDE):'''</div> Any paranormal or supernatural experience had when a person is near death, including experiences when a person thinks he or she has died and returned from death. Reports of NDEs have become numerous in recent decades due to advances in medical technology that make it possible to revive people from comas and other critical conditions. Many patients report having [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences (OBEs)]] while they were unconscious or comatose. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Necromancy">'''Necromancy:'''</div> A form of [[#Divination|divination]] in which a person attempts to discover the future or obtain other information through communication with the dead, typically using [[#Occult|occult]] methods. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nelson, Bernard,'''<br/> San Antonio, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Talisman|talisman]], charms, amulets, [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Alchemy|alchemy]]Publishes ''The Illustrated Cosmic Machine'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Neo-Orthodox Christianity:'''<br/> Development associated with the strong reaction of Swiss theologians Karl Barth and Emil Brunner against the barrenness of [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] They felt that Scripture, although a flawed, fallible, human product, could still be used by God to accomplish His purposes. Thus the Bible ''becomes'' inspired in its proclamation when the Holy Spirit quickens faith and obedience in its hearers. Thus, like liberalism, this view results in a subjective, existential encounter, which denies absolute propositional truth in revelation. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Neopagan">'''Neo-Paganism:</div> The modern revival of [[#Paganism|paganism]], emphasizing witchcraft (see Wicca), [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, and nature worship. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Neo-Pythagorean Gnostic Church:<br/> See [[#Proclus|Proclus Society and Neo-Pythagorean Gnostic Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nettles, Bonnie Lou:'''<br/> See [[#Heaven%27s" gate="|Heaven's Gate]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NLP">'''Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP):'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] Techniques developed by Richard Bandler and Dr. John Grinder that allegedly enable practitioners to read random eye movements and other visual cues during conversation or counseling to "program" a client's behavior and restructure their core beliefs. Called "software for the brain," it is supposed to be faster and more powerful than traditional clinical counseling and can work without the subject's conscious knowledge. The co-founders have been heavily involved with other [[#New|New Age]] practices. NLP failed scientific tests conducted by the U.S. Army. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age:'''<br/> See the [[#New" age="|Definitions]] section in the introduction. ''[[#profile/nwagmpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Church of The Christ,'''<br/> Thomas Printz, Long Island, NY: [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Karma|karma]], death is an Illusion, Father-Mother God, man is divine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ChurchTruth">'''New Age Church of Truth,'''</div> Gilbert Holloway, Deming, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ESP|ESP]], Impressional Readings, [[#Psychic|psychic]] development. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NACC">'''New Age Community Church,'''</div> Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]]Publishes ''Mega'' magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Journal,'''<br/> Brighton, MA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Medicine:'''<br/> See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Music:'''<br/> While there is music composed to promote [[#New|New Age]] philosophy and/or facilitate [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]] and [[#Meditation|meditation]], much of the music sold as such is not explicitly New Age in doctrine.Some light jazz, instrumental music has been labeled (or re-labeled) "New Age" simply as a marketing category. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Symposium,'''<br/> Houston, TX: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Age Teachings,'''<br/> Brookfield, MA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], cosmic vibrations, divine energy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Church:'''<br/> See [[#Swedenborg|Swedenborg Foundation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | New Dimensions Foundation,<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, [[#Sufism|Sufism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Life,'''<br/> Vernon Howard, Boulder City, NV: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], cosmic power. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Life Clinic,'''<br/> Baltimore, MD: [[#Parapsychology|Parapsychology]], [[#Psychic|psychic phenomena]], [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]] Headquartered at Mount Washington Methodist Church. Associate director, Olga Worrall, and her husband, Ambrose Worrall, are also affiliated with [[#Frontiers|Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship]] and the [[#Research|Association for Research and Enlightenment]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NewLife">'''New Life HealthCenter,'''</div> Bo-In Lee, Jamaica Plain, MA: Treats illnesses (from eating disorders to cancer) through Eastern medicine. See [[#Holistic|Holistic Health]], [[#Acupuncture|Acupuncture]], [[#Accupressure|Accupressure]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Realities,'''<br/> Washington, D.C.: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | New Thot Free Thot,<br/> Bill Greenhouse, Los Angeles, CA: Seeks to combine the teachings of [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]], [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]] and [[#NewThought|New Thought]] philosophy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="NewThought">'''New Thought:'''</div> One of the branches of the [[#Mind|mind sciences]]; unlike [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]], New Thought usually maintains the reality of matter and is more liberal and pluralistic in its views. Teaches that the [[#Christ|Christ]] is only a principle that was embodied in Jesus as in other religious figures. <br/> | + | |
| − | '''New Times,'''<br/> Seattle, WA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New World Publishing,'''<br/> Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], uses [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New Worlds,'''<br/> St. Paul, MN: Catalog of [[#Occult|occult]] publisher [[#Llewellyn|Llewellyn Worldwide, Ltd.]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''New World Translation:'''<br/> Official Bible translation published by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]Key verses have been inaccurately rendered especially to obscure the deity of [[#Christ|Christ]]This translation has been universally rejected as inaccurate by competent Bible scholars. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Newbrough, John<br/>: See ''[[#OAHSPE|OAHSPE]]''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Nichiren">'''Nichiren Shoshu of America (NSA):'''</div> Former name of [[#SGI|Soka Gakkai International]] (SGI).<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nightingale-Conant,'''<br/> Chicago, IL: Publishes books and audio tapes on personal growth, business, positive mental attitude, and self help. A significant portion of their material contains [[#New|New Age]] themes. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Nirvana">'''Nirvana:'''</div> [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] state of enlightenment or bliss. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Niscience,'''<br/> Glendale, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Karma|karma]], thought [[#Talisman|talisman]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Nizhoni School of Global Consciousness,<br/> Galisteo, NM: Higher self, [[#Kundalini|Kundalini]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''NLP:'''<br/> Acronym for [[#NLP|Neuro-Linguistic Programming]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Noahides:'''<br/> See [[#Bnai|B'nai Noah]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nova 8,'''<br/> Pueblo, CO: Mother Earth, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#NatAm|Native American]] "Great Spirit" is at the heart of all beings. Publishes the ''Living Love'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Nova Mystery School:'''<br/> [[#Alchemy|Alchemy]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#Druid|Druids]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Nubian Nation of Moors:'''<br/> See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Numerology">'''Numerology:'''</div> The [[#Occult|occult]] use of numbers in [[#Divination|divination]] to discover hidden knowledge. Often associated with the Kabbalah, [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Psychic|psychics]] and witchcraft (see Wicca). <br/> | + | |
| − | Nuwaubians: <br/>See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="O">'''O'''</div><br/> | + | |
| − | <div id="OAHSPE">'''OAHSPE, John Newbrough:'''</div> A 921 page "Scripture" written in 1881 by John B. Newbrough, a [[#Psychic|psychic]] and [[#Spiritualism|spiritualist]] who was allegedly gifted in [[#ESP|ESP]]OAHSPE is translated "sky, earth, spirit." See [[#Kosmon|Universal Faithists of Kosmon]].<br/>
| + | |
| − | Oasis Fellowship,<br/> Florence, AZ: Similar to [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Occult:<br/> From the Latin word, hidden. See under the [[#Occult|Definitions]] section in the introduction. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Occult Americana,'''<br/> Panesville, OH: [[#Occult|Occult]] / [[#Paganism|pagan]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Odinism:'''<br/> A return to the gods of Norse mythology, Odin being the chief or supreme god, also known as Woden or Wotan. Originally worshipped as the god or warriors or leaders, it is his responsibility to delay, as long as possible, ''Ragnarok'', the day of doom. He gained use of the [[#Rune|Runes]] and passed these on to men. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Olcott Library,'''<br/> Wheaton, IL: [[#New|New Age]] library, [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]], [[#Parapsychology|parapsychology]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Omega Institute for Holistic Studies,'''<br/> Hudson River Valley, NY: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Aromatherapy|aromatherapy]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]] studies, [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], Mystical Quest. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Omega Press,'''<br/> New Lebanon, NY: [[#Sufism|Sufism]]Publishes the ''Omega Press'' newspaper. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''One to Grow On,'''<br/> Trenna Sutphen, Malibu, CA: [[#New|New Age]], subliminal tapes for children, [[#Magic|magic]], and higher self. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="OnePent">'''Oneness Pentecostalism:'''</div> (Jesus Only) A heresy that emerged from the mainstream Pentecostal movement during the years 1914–1916. Unlike traditional Pentecostals, "Oneness" followers deny the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] in favor of a view similar to [[#Monarchianism|Monarchianism]] In addition to this heresy, most Oneness Pentecostal organizations also teach that speaking in tongues, baptism (in Jesus' name only), and maintaining various moral "standards" are necessary for salvation. See [[#SavWorks|Salvation by Works]],<br/> [[#Modalism|Modalism]][[#profile/onenesspro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Order of Rhea,'''<br/> Chicago, IL: [[#Magic|Magic]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Occult|occult]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Order of the Cross,'''<br/> J. Todd Ferrier: States of realization, Christhood (see [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]),
| + | |
| − | [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Solar">'''Order of the Solar Temple:'''</div> Headed by Luc Jouret and Joseph Di Mambro, this group dabbles in [[#New|New Age[[#Holistic|holistic health]], [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucian]]-like rites. 53 members were victims of suicide and/or murder in Switzerland and Canada in 1994. ''[[#profile/solartemplepro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Order of the Star:'''<br/> See [[#KrishnamurtiFound|Krishnamurti Foundation of America]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Ordo Adeptorum Invisiblum,'''<br/> Chicago, IL: [[#Magic|Magic]] rituals, Egyptian goddess Maat, teachings of [[#Crowley|Aleister Crowley]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Ordo Templi Ashtart (OTA),'''<br/> Pasadena, CA: [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]] splinter group. Publishes ''The Seventh Ray'' journal. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Ordo Templi Baph-Metis (OTB)''',<br/> James M. Martin, Corpus Christi, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Satanism|Satanism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="OTO">'''Ordo Templi Orientis:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Satanism|Satanism]]See [[#Crowley|Crowley, Aleister]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Orr, Leonard:'''<br/> See [[#RebirthInt|Rebirthing International]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="OrthChrist">'''Orthodox Christianity:'''</div> Generically the term orthodox refers to traditional, conservative forms of [[#Christianity|Christianity]], upholding the traditional Christian beliefs about God as a [[#Trinity|Trinity]] and about [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] as taught in the church's early creeds. In this sense orthodox Christianity includes conservative Roman Catholics, and Protestant, [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]], and is opposed both to [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] within Christian denominations and to the teachings of the cults. More specifically, the term Orthodox (with a capital O; or, Eastern Orthodox) refers to the state churches of Eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean who split with [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]] of the West largely over the issue of papal authority. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ouija">'''Ouija Board:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]] "game" using wooden board and pointer which spells out messages allegedly from the dead (a form of [[#Necromancy|necromancy]]). Many such messages are derived from the subconscious of the operators; however, there is always potential for demonic influence. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Our Lady of Enchantment,<br/> Sabrina, Danville, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]), "the craft," [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, moon festivals, [[#Psychic|psychic]] powers. <br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="OBE">'''Out-of-Body Experience (OBE):'''<br/> Any experience in which a person believes that his or her spirit has temporarily left the physical body and then returned to that same body. Some OBEs are associated with [[#NDE|near-death experiences]]; others are induced through [[#Occult|occult]] or mystical practices, especially in [[#Astral|Astral Projection]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="P">'''P'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pacific Institute,'''<br/> Louis Tice, Seattle, WA: [[#New|New Age]], stress management seminars, changing core beliefs.
| + | |
| − | '''Pacific West Fellowship:'''<br/> Splinter group of [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pagan Spiritual Alliance,'''<br/> Selena Fox, Mt. Horeb, WI: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], worship of gods and [[#Goddess|goddesses]], '''Mother Earth. Publishes ''Circle'' magazine.''' <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pagan Way,'''<br/> Philadelphia, PA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], denies reality of sin. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Paganism">'''Paganism:'''<br/> Historically, paganism has been used as a generic term to describe primitive non-Christian religions and superstitions, including religions centered on the [[#Occult|occult]]More recently paganism is used as an umbrella term referring to [[#Wicca|Wicca]]/witchcraft, ceremonial [[#Magic|magic]], nature worship, [[#Polytheism|polytheism]] (especially female deities), and ancient mythologies (Celt, Norse, Egyptian, Greek and Roman). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Palm">'''Palm Reading:'''</div> (Chiromancy) The [[#Occult|occult]] practice of [[#Divination|divination]], i.e., predicting the future or gaining hidden knowledge, by reading the shape, lines, or markings on the palm of the hand. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Pan African">'''Pan African Orthodox Christian Church,'''</div> Detroit, MI: Founded by Albert B. Cleage, Jr. a.k.a. Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman. Part of the Black Christian Nationalist Movement. Teaches [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is the Black Messiah sent to rebuild the Black Nation Israel and liberate the Black People from oppression, brutality, and exploitation of the white gentile world (from the Black Nationalist Creed). <br/>
| + | |
| − | Pan-American Indian Association:<br/> Promotes [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Panentheism">'''Panentheism:'''</div> View of God taught in [[#Process|Process Theology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Pantheism">'''Pantheism:'''</div> The belief that all is One and that One is God, thus all is God. This God is an all-encompassing, impersonal principle or force. A central doctrine for most eastern religions and New Age groups. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Papa">'''Papa Jim'''</div> San Antonio, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Talisman|talismans]], herbs. Publishes the ''Papa Jim'' quarterly catalog. See [[#Cesar|Cesar]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Parapsychology">'''Parapsychology:'''</div> The study of [[#ESP|ESP]] and other supernatural phenomena dating to the foundation of the English Society of Physical Research in 1882 and continued through laboratory research at Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute and elsewhere. This movement attempts to give scientific validity to [[#Occult|occult]] and/or paranormal activities such as the alleged [[#Psychic|psychic]] abilities of [[#Geller|Uri Geller]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Parascience Institute,<br/> Evanston, IL: [[#Psychic|Psychic]] powers, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Psychometry|psychometry]], [[#Aura|auras]], telepathy. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Past Life">'''Past Life Regression:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] practice associated with [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]] which allows one to discover one's past lives; assumes reality of [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pastoral Bible Institute,'''<br/> Milwaukee, WI: [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]] group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Path of Light,'''<br/> Charlotte, NC: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Aura|auras]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], Universal Mother, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pathways:'''<br/> Ramana Maharshi, Sarasota, FL: Mixture of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] and [[#Taoism|Taoism]]Publishes ''Pathways: '''The Journal of Spiritual Traditions'''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Patrick, Ted:'''<br/> Controversial practitioner of [[#Deprogram|deprogramming]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Patripassianism:<br/> Name for a kind of [[#Modalism|modalism]] or [[#Monarchianism|monarchianism]]; the word means that the Father (''patri-'') suffered and died (''-passian'') on the cross. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Peace Community Church,'''<br/> Washington, D.C.: [[#Jesus|Jesus]] the mystic, "crystal clear vibration" techniques, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], mystical [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="PMM">'''Peace Mission Movement:'''</div> Based on the teaching of founder [[#FatherDivine|Father Divine]], which contains elements of [[#NewThought|New Thought]], asceticism, perfectionism, utopian communalism, and denies existence of race and strictly prohibits discrimination among members. Requires all members to turn over all property and income, severing all ties to everything but the Peace Mission. Room, board, and a small allowance for incidentals are provided in exchange for otherwise unpaid labor in Peace Mission owned businesses or projects. Father Divine did not actually claim to be God, but he fostered the belief in his followers, and required loyalty and obedience from them due only to God. The group claims the biblical prophecies about the coming Jewish Messiah and [[#Christ|Christ]]'s second coming were all fulfilled by [[#FatherDivine|Father Divine]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Peace Pole:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]] / [[#Occult|occult]]; poles or obelisks around which people sit in order to practice [[#Meditation|meditation]] or [[#Visualization|visualization]] of World Peace or other topics important to those meditating. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Peacevision,'''<br/> Houston, TX: [[#Visualization|Visualization]]; known for the blue and white bumper stickers that read "Visualize World Peace." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Peale">'''Peale, Norman Vincent:'''</div> Was a popular writer, promoter of the belief in the power of positive thinking popularized through the interfaith magazine, ''Guideposts''Peale's views of Christianity were heavily influenced by his mentor Ernest Holmes, the founder of [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]], and also reflected the philosophies of [[#NewThought|New Thought]], and [[#Unity|Unity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pearl of Great Price:'''<br/> One of the scriptures or "Standard Works" of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Peck">'''Peck, M. Scott:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]] author and lecturer influenced by [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] and Eastern [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]]His best known book is ''The Road Less Traveled.''<br/>
| + | |
| − | Pelley, William D.:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Pentagram">'''Pentagram'''</div>: An important [[#Occult|occult]] symbol consisting of a five-pointed star with a single point at the top that is used in ceremonial [[#Magic|magic]], often representing the Microcosm. Called a Pentacle when depicted with a circle around it. The Pentagram is considered a positive force—the opposite of the [[#Goat|Goat's Head]] or [[#Baphomet|Baphomet]] symbol that is made by inverting the Pentagram (two points at the top). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="PAW">'''Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW),'''</div> Indianapolis, IN: Oldest of the Apostolic churches. [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]]Publishes ''Christian Outlook''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pentecostal Churches of Apostolic Faith:'''<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] denomination. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''People House''',<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]], subjective truth, Inner wisdom guiding, [[#Karma|karma]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Jonestown">'''People's Temple Christian Church,'''</div> Jim Jones, Jonestown, Guyana: Jones, influenced by Unitarian Humanism, [[#FatherDivine|Father Divine]], and [[#Marxism|Marxism]], founded his church in 1977. He later claimed at various times to be God, [[#Buddha|Buddha]], and Lenin. In 1978 at Jones' command, 914 people (including Jones) committed suicide or were murdered. The group is now defunct. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Peyote">'''Peyote:'''</div> Hallucinogenic used by some [[#NatAm|Native American]] and [[#New|New Age]] groups as a sacrament in order to produce [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Peyote Way Church of God,'''<br/> Anne L. Zapf, Willcox, AZ: [[#NatAm|Native American]] rituals, use the drug [[#Peyote|peyote]] as a sacrament. Publishes ''The Sacred Record'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Phanes''',<br/> Grand Rapid, MI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Philadelphia Church of God,'''<br/> Gerald Flurry, Edmond, OK: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. Publishes ''The '''Philadelphia Trumpet''' magazine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Philadelphia Congregation of Yahweh,'''<br/> William Scampton, Philadelphia, PA: [[#SacredName|Sacred name]] group. Publishes the ''Yahweh's Watchman'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Philosophic Community Center,'''<br/> Denver, CO: [[#New|New Age]], Egyptian rites, man is Divine. Publishes the ''Colorado Mind, Spirit and Soul Report'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Philosophical Publishing Co.,'''<br/> Quakertown, PA: See [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Philosophical Research Society,'''<br/> Manly P. Hall Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], past lives ([[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]), third eye, [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]], [[#Zen|Zen]], Christ Principle (cf. [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]). <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Pike, Albert:'''<br/> See [[#Freemasonry|Freemasonry]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Plain Truth, The:'''<br/> Magazine of the [[#WCOG|Worldwide Church of God]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Planet Health,'''<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Plural Covenant:'''<br/> See [[#DualCov|Dual Covenant]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Poltergeist:'''<br/> From German ("rattling ghost"); an apparently supernatural disturbance attributed to a [[#Ghosts|ghost]] or spirit. Usually associated with the visible movement of physical objects by an unseen spiritual (that is, [[#Occult|occult]]) force. See [[#Demons|Demon]], [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Necromancy|Necromancy]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Polytheism">'''Polytheism:'''</div> The belief in the existence of a plurality of gods, in contrast to monotheism (one God) or [[#Atheism|atheism]] (no God or gods). Examples include Greek, Roman and Norse mythology; ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, and Assyrian religions; and some forms of [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], and [[#New|New Age]] belief. Some forms of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] combine polytheism with [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] (all is God). [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] teaches a form of Christianized polytheism, since it holds that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are three Gods and that human beings can become exalted to Godhood. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Positive">'''Positive Confession:'''</div> Alternative name for the [[#Word-Faith|Word-Faith movement]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Potter's House">'''Potter's House,'''<br/> Wayman Mitchell, Prescott, AZ: Originally called Victory Chapel, churches affiliated with Mitchell go under the names Praise Chapel, The Door, Grace Chapel, The Christian Fellowship, La Capilla de la Victory, La Casa Del Alfarero, and La Puerta. Begun in 1970, Mitchell has over 1,000 churches in 73 countries including Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, and the Philippines. Numerous former members have alleged [[#MindControl|mind control]] and authoritariandivbusive leadership, and the group was the focus of a CBS News ''48 Hours'' investigative report. Mitchell's churches are not affiliated with the Potter's House in Dallas, TX, pastored by T. D. Jakes. Also, The Door is not affiliated with the religious satire magazine by the same name. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Power for Abundant Living:'''<br/> Older name for the main recruitment and initial indoctrination course (and book by the same title) for potential members of [[#Way|The Way International]], as developed and taught by its founder Victor Paul Wierwille. His successor, [[#Martindale|Craig Martindale]], produced a revised version of the course entitled ''The Way of Abundance and Power.''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''PPPANA,'''<br/> Macan, GA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Praise Chapel:'''<br/> See [[#Potter%27sHouse|Potter's House]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Prana:'''<br/> See [[#Chi|Chi]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Presleyterianism:'''<br/> See [[#FirstElvis|First Presleyterian Church of Elvis the Divine]]<<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ProChurch">'''Process Church of the Final Judgement,'''</div> Robert de Grimston: [[#Occult|Occult]], Three Great Gods who are Jehovah, Lucifer, and Satan. Dualism—unity of [[#Christ|Christ]] and [[#Satan|Satan]], both are equally good and should be loved. Grimston who wrote, ''As It Is,'' was ousted in 1974. Several splinters formed. Charles Manson was reported to be a member at one time. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Process">'''Process Theology:'''</div> Built on the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, process theology is a heresy within [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] that holds that reality is becoming rather than being - in process rather than static. The Bible has a relative authority in that it concurs with one's own self-evident experiences, rather than having absolute authority over all human experiences and beliefs, as in [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]]Process theology teaches [[#Panentheism|panentheism]] (God is in all), which is to be distinguished from pantheism (God is all). Panentheism teaches that even though God is somehow transcendent, He also includes the world within Himself. Therefore, God is in "process," evolving along with creation into future possibilities. Some [[#New|New Age]]rs (e.g., [[#Fox|Matthew Fox]]) and some Mormons have found value in process theology. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Proclus">'''Proclus Society and Neo-Pythagorean Gnostic Church,'''</div> Chicago, IL: Mixture of [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]] and [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]; teaches [[#Yoga|yoga]], and [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Project X:'''<br/> See [[#Jamilian|Jamilian University of the Ordained]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Prophet, Elizabeth Clare and Mark:<br/> See [[#ChurchUni|Church Universal and Triumphant]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Prosperity">'''Prosperity Doctrine:'''</div> Alternative name for [[#Positive|Positive Confession]]; the term also can apply to some [[#Mind|Mind Science]] teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Prosperos">'''Prosperos, Thane,'''</div> Santa Monica, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Occult|occultism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], claims people become God. Publishes ''The Prosperos'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Prosveta U.S.A.,'''<br/> Omraam Mikhael Aivanhov, Los Angeles, CA: [[#Yoga|Yoga]], clairvoyance, [[#Esoteric|esoteric[[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]Publishes the ''Circle of Light'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Protestantism">'''Protestantism:'''<div/> Often used generically of all [[#Christianity|Christian]] churches that are neither [[#Roman|Roman Catholic]] nor [[#OrthChrist|Orthodox]], the term more specifically refers to the movement that originated in the 16th century [[#Reformation|Reformation]] Luther, Zwingli, Calvin and others led efforts to correct, reform or "protest" the errors in doctrine and practice that they saw in medieval Roman Catholicism. The 16th century Protestants saw their main doctrinal differences with Catholicism to include: ''Soli Deo Gloria'' ("only to God's glory," God's wisdom and glory as opposed to church/papal sovereignty); ''Sola Scriptura'' ("Scripture only," the authority of the Bible over official Papal interpretation and tradition), and ''Sola Gratia'' ([[#SavGrace|salvation "by grace]] alone," eternal life received from God as a free gift by grace through faith in the imputed righteousness of [[#Christ|Christ]] rather than by works, rituals, or sacraments). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="PROUT">'''PROUT,'''</div> Northampton, MA: An acronym for Progressive Utilization Theory, a Hinduism-based spiritual program teaching [[#Meditation|meditation]] and [[#Yoga|yoga]] that claims to enable life forms to progress from animals to divinity. PROUT is promoted by [[#Ananda|Ananda Marga]], who hopes to establish through practice of the Theory a single world government and religion. Proutist Universal, Ananda Marga's formal organization for promoting PROUT, publishes ''Prout Journal'' and ''Global Times''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Psionics:'''<br/> See [[#God-Realization|First Universal Church of God-Realization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Psychedelic Venus Church<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Goddess|goddesses]] Venus and Aphrodite. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Psychiana,<br/> Frank Robinson: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], not all have sinned, similar to [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]] or [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Psychic">'''Psychic:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#New|New Age]]A person with alleged supernatural or paranormal powers used to gain hidden knowledge apart from five senses ([[#Divination|divination]]); or, that which relates to such person or gift. ''[[#profile/psychicspro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Psychic Healing:'''<br/> An [[#Occult|occult]] form of [[#New|New Age]], [[#Holistic|holistic health]] care involving the alleged use or balancing of healing energy through touch or hand movements by the practitioner over the patient to bring health. Also, employing spirit guides to aid in health. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Psychic Learning Center, Martha Woodworth<br/> Rockport, MA: [[#Occult|Occult]]/[[#New|New Age]], [[#Tarot|Tarot]] reading, [[#Psychic|psychic]] advisors. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="psychokinesis">'''Psychokinesis:'''</div> Supposed ability to control movement of physical objects by the power of the mind alone, apart from the laws of natural physics. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Psychomancy:'''<br/> A form of [[#Divination|divination]] based on communication with spirit entities or [[#Ghosts|ghosts]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Psychometry">'''Psychometry:'''</div> The supposed ability to discover facts about an object or an individual connected with it, by being close to, or in contact with, the object. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Psynetic Foundation,'''<br/> Anaheim, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], promotes [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']]Publishes ''Psynetic Calendar'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Puranas:<br/> [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] sacred scriptures consisting of myths, legends, and historical events; also occasionally used by those in the [[#New|New Age]] movement. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Pursel">'''Pursel, Jach:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeler]] of spirit entity called Lazaris. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="PyrPow">'''Pyramid Power:'''</div> The belief, typically based on [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], that ancient pyramids or the geometric shape of a pyramid generates or directs [[#Occult|occult]] power or energy. ''[[#profile/pyrmdpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Pyramidology">'''Pyramidology:'''</div> Study of the Ancient Egyptian and/or Central American Mayan pyramids, which are believed to possess keys to hidden mystic knowledge or secret spiritual messages. See also [[#PyrPow|Pyramid Power]]''[[#profile/pyrmdpro.htm|Profile]]'' available.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Q">'''Q'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Qabalah/Qabbalah:'''<br/> Alternative spellings for [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]].
| + | |
| − | '''Quartus Foundation,'''<br/> John Price, Boerne, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], healing the planet, Journey to the Fourth Dimension. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Quest For Excellence,<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], Star Chamber for [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], self-realization, [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Quimby">'''Quimby, Phineas P.:'''<div/> [[#Mesmerism|Mesmerist]] and healer whose metaphysical theories influenced Mary Baker Eddy (founder of [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]])and [[#NewThought|New Thought]] and other [[#Mind|Mind Science]] religions. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="R">'''R'''<div/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Radiant School,'''<br/> Kenneth Wheller, Mount Shasta, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RadFem">'''Radical Feminism:'''</div> An outgrowth of the more moderate feminist movement which sought to influence societal views and laws to reflect women's equality and opportunity with men in all areas of culture. Radical feminism, however, pushes for a revolution to free themselves from male enslavement and exploitation. Among those holding this ideology are some lesbians who attempt to perpetuate an actual anti-male position. Theologically, radical feminism finds influence in diverse religious traditions including [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]], liberation theology, [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, [[#Wicca|Wicca]], [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]], and [[#New|New Age]] beliefs. The diversity of the movement aids in widespread recruitment and promotes otherwise unusual political and religious alliances. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Raelian">'''Raelian Religion, The,'''</div> Claude Vorilhon (a.k.a. Rael): [[#UFO|UFO]] group founded by French journalist Vorilhon, who claims to have communication with god-like extraterrestrials known as the Elohim. Publications include: ''Apocalypse'' (a quarterly magazine), ''The Book Which Tells the Truth'', and ''Sensual Meditation''[[#profile/raelianpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rainbow,'''<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], uses [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']] text, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]]Publishes the ''Rainbow'' newspaper. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rainbow,'''<br/> Charlotte, NC: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]]Publishes the ''Pathways'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rainbow Earth Dwelling Society,'''<br/> J. Christine Hayes, San Antonio, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], telepathy, [[#Tarot|Tarot]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rainbow Group'''<br/> (Rainbow People): Nomadic, [[#New|New Age]], communal society found mostly in the southeastern U.S. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Raja Yoga:'''<br/> See [[#Yoga|Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Ram Dass,<br/> a.k.a. Richard Alpert: [[#New|New Age]] [[#Guru|guru]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Ramtha">'''Ramtha:''' <div/>Spirit entity supposedly channeled by [[#Knight|J. Z. Knight]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Rastafarianism,<br/> (Ras Tafari, Rastas) Marcus Garvey: African/Jamaican religion. Teaches that the late king of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, is God. ''[[#profile/rastapro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Ray, Sondra:'''<br/> See [[#RebirthInt|Rebirthing International]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="REACH">'''REACH, Inc.''' </div>(a.k.a. Holyland), Bishop Luke Edwards, Meridian, MS; Emele, AL: Extreme [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] group, formerly associated with [[#PAW|Pentecostal Assemblies of the World]] Both adults and children raise funds by going on the "route" (going on the road for weeks at a time to solicit funds). The most common approach is for children to solicit funds outside stores under the pretense of raising money for abused children. ''[[#profile/reachpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Rebirthing">'''Rebirthing:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]]Participants rid themselves of negative [[#Karma|karma]] (traumas/problems) by being regressed back to the womb and reenacting the trauma of their birth experience or previous births ([[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]). Originally hot tubs or saunas were used but later practitioners developed "dry" rebirthing techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RebirthInt">'''Rebirthing International,'''</div> Leonard Orr: Co-author of ''Rebirthing in the New Age'' with Sondra Ray; helped develop and popularize the [[#New|New Age]] practice of [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Recovery Version of the New Testament:''<br/> Version used by the [[#Local%22" church="|The Local Church]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RedactCrit">'''Redaction criticism:'''</div> A relatively new branch of biblical [[#LitCrit|literary criticism]] that attempts to infer the theological purposes of the "redactors" (anonymous editors, compilers, or revisers) who are thought to have helped to rewrite or shape various books of the Bible (especially the Gospels) into their final form. Whereas [[#FormCrit|form criticism]] focuses on discerning the literary form and origins of specific passages, redaction criticism focuses on the use of those passages to convey the message of the book as a whole. Redaction criticism assumes that the book in question was written using different sources that were selected and edited to emphasize or convey certain theological concepts. Scholars in [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] typically assume further that the books that draw on the same sources (notably the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke) use those sources to convey conflicting ideas. Scholars in [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]] are divided as to whether a mild form of redaction criticism can be legitimately employed without impugning the inerrancy of the Bible. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Redfield">'''Redfield, James:'''</div> [[#New|New Age[[#Astrology|astrologer]] and author of the best-selling fiction, [[#Celestine|''The Celestine Prophecy'']]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Reflexology">'''Reflexology:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Holistic|holistic health]] practice that purports to heal the body through massaging certain parts of the foot or hand that allegedly correspond to the major organs of the body. It is sometimes believed to work by opening blocked [[#Meridian|meridians]] in the body which will then allow the body's energy or [[#Chi|chi]] to flow freely. The foot or hand is seen as a microcosm of the human body and/or the universe. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Reformation">'''Reformation:'''</div> The 16th century movement initiated by Martin Luther, initially intended to correct, protest, or reform the doctrines and practices of [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]] Luther's efforts (later joined and expanded by Zwingli, Bucer, Calvin and others) quickly developed into a complete break with Catholicism. The reformers' major doctrinal issues included a rejection of: the authority of the following: the authority of the Pope, church control of Bible translation and interpretation, a distinction in value between laity and clergy, and salvation being a product of the church and its sacraments ([[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]). A more thorough (and in some cases unorthodox) reform occurred with the Radical Reformation—the orthodox Anabaptist movement being an example. To various degrees, virtually all [[#Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations today share a common heritage concerning the issues of the Reformation. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Reiki">'''Reiki:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysical]] theory of [[#Holistic|holistic health]] involving the movement of the practitioner's hand over and near (but not on) the patient's body to allegedly balance or redirect energy [[#Chakras|chakras]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Reincarnation">'''Reincarnation:'''</div> Belief originating with religions of the East (e.g. [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]) that when a person dies he has the ability to come again to the earth, inhabit a new body, and live as many lives as needed to progress towards a religious goal. Whereas Hindus typically believe that reincarnation includes transmigration of souls between animal, plant, and even inanimate forms, [[#New|New Age]] believers typically restrict reincarnation to human and celestial forms. Reincarnation generally assumes a doctrine of [[#Karma|karma]]The idea is the basis for the practice of attempting [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Religious Science">'''Religious Science,'''</div> Ernest Holmes: One of the [[#Mind|Mind Sciences]], professes to represent the best thought of all religions. Similar to [[#NewThought|New Thought]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Remnant of YHWH,<br/> Mark Deacon, Abilene, TX: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] splinter group from [[#House%22" yahweh="|House of Yahweh]]; teaches [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]], [[#British|British Israelism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RLDS">'''Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS),'''</div> Former name of largest Mormon splinter group. See, [[#ComChrist|Community of Christ]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Restoration">'''Restoration Branches:''' </div>A conservative split from the [[#RLDS|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] [RLDS] (now known as, [[#ComChrist|Community of Christ]]) that holds what they believe to be a more classical, historical RLDS understanding of basic doctrines, Joseph Smith, and the [[#BoM|Book of Mormon]]They generally view the institutionalized [[#ComChrist|Community of Christ]] church as being too liberal in theology and perhaps on social issues as well. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Reverend Ike,'''<br/> a.k.a., Frederick Eikerenkoetter, II: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]]; general [[#Prosperity|prosperity]] doctrine. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''R I Research,'''<br/> New York, NY: [[#New|New Age]]; selects people called Beyonders, claims to possess Superior Essence. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rice, Anne:'''<br/> Author of ''The Witching Hour, Vampire Chronicles, Interview with A Vampire,'' and other books with [[#Occult|occult]] subject matter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rice, Nancy,'''<br/> Broomfield, CO: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Tarot|Tarot cards]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] counseling, [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]], [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Right Knowledge:''' <br/>See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,<br/> Gerald Peterson, Cedar City, UT: Small polygamous, [[#MorFund|Mormon Fundamentalist]] splinter group of about 100 people. Peterson claimed that the spirit of Rulon Allred, who founded the [[#CorpPresElderApostolicUnitedBrethren|Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren]], returned to restore the priesthood to him. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Right Way, The: <br/>See [[#ChenTao|Chen Tao]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Road Less Traveled, The:'''<br/> Book written by [[#Peck|Peck, M. Scott]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Roberts">'''Roberts, Jane:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeler]] of spirit entity called Seth. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Robins, Anthony (or Tony):<br/> Business consultant, empowerment, personal transformation and motivational speaker whose theories often contain [[#New|New Age]] philosophies. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Rock of Ages:'''<br/> Annual music concert and convention held by [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga and Ayurveda,'''<br/> Denver, CO: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Tantra|Tantra]], Raja and Bhakti [[#Yoga|Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rocky Mountain Research Institute,'''<br/> Fort Collins, CO: Paranormal research, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], self-realization, [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rocky Mountain Spiritual Emergence Network,'''<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#New" age="|New ]][[#New" age="|Age]], [[#Magic|magic]], mystic rituals, [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]]Publishes the ''R.M.S.E.N. Times'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Roman">'''Roman Catholicism:'''</div> Diverse worldwide religious tradition that officially looks to the Pope and his predecessors/successors as God's human leader of world [[#Christianity|Christianity]] Because of its size and scope—both in membership (about a billion people worldwide) and geographically, the actual beliefs held by devout Catholics are widespread and eclectic. Catholicism has been influenced by [[#LibTheo|liberation theology]], especially in parts of South America. In Africa, the Caribbean, and elsewhere, attempts have been made to blend Catholicism with [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], creating a type of Catholicism with [[#Occult|occult]] elements. In addition, since the 1960s there has been a small but significant element of charismatic Catholics who have been influenced by the larger charismatic movement. A small percentage of Catholics are doctrinally evangelical, and others (such as [[#Fox|Matthew Fox]]) are part of the [[#New|New Age]] movement. As a whole, however, the differences between Roman Catholicism and [[#Protestantism|Protestantism]] are still seen most clearly in the issues of the [[#Reformation|Reformation]] The 16th century reformers distinguished themselves from Catholicism in two key ways. First, they saw the Bible as the sole foundation for authority (''sola scriptura'') rather than the Pope, church dogma or tradition. Second, the reformers taught [[#SavGrace|salvation by "grace]] alone" (''sola gracia''). They also insisted that ''sola gracia'' could be faithfully maintained only by understanding the [[#Gospel|gospel]] to be the message of a free pardon and righteous standing with God through "faith alone" (''sola fide'') in the imputed righteousness of Christ. The Roman Catholic Church claimed (and still claims) to affirm ''sola gracia,'' but anathematized sola fide, teaching instead that grace is received and maintained by a combination of faith plus works (religious rites, sacraments, or human endeavor). <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Ro-Hun Therapy:'''<br/> Balancing the energy fields of the human body (see [[#Chi|chi]]). <br/>
| + | |
| − | Rosicrucian Anthroposophic League,<br/> S.R. Parchment, New York, NY: Break-off of [[#RosiFellow|Rosicrucian Fellowship]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RosiFellow">'''Rosicrucian Fellowship,'''</div> Max Heindel, Oceanside, CA: [[#Reincarnation|Reincarnation]], [[#Chakras|chakra]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]See [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rosicrucian Foundation,'''<br/> Swinburne Clymer, Quakertown, PA: Oldest group of [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]] in the U.S.; [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="RosiOrd">'''Rosicrucian Order, a.k.a. Ancient and Mystical Order of the Rosae Crucis (AMORC),'''</div> H. Spence Lewis, San Jose, CA: Most successful organization promoting [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]] in the US. [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] reinterpretation of [[#Christianity|Christianity]]; mixture of [[#Occult|occult[[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], Secret Wisdom of past Masters, secret society, [[#Magic|magic]]<br/<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Rosicrucianism">'''Rosicrucianism, Christian Rosenkreutz:'''</div> (Literally the "Rose cross") [[#Occult|Occult]] secret society allegedly founded in 1407 in Germany by Christian Rosenkreutz, who was under the influence of Egyptian occultism. The movement has fragmented into a number of competing organizations promoting variations of the same general [[#Pantheism|pantheistic]], occult themes. Similar to [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Rowan Tree,'''<br/> Paul Beyerlf, Minneapolis, MN: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], Mother Earth, [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]Publishes ''The Littlest Unicorn'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Rune">'''Rune:'''</div> A figure or character in the ancient Nordic magical alphabet of 24 symbols. They are used for [[#Divination|divinination]] of the future, performing [[#Magic|magic]], or evoking Norse deities. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Russell,<br/> Charles Taze: Founder of the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="S">'''S'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sabbatarianism">'''Sabbatarianism:'''</div> Generally the view that the Old Testament Sabbath commandment is to be observed unchanged by the church. As used in this index, Sabbatarianism refers to an extreme form of the belief in which membership in the true church, or even salvation, is conditional upon keeping the Sabbath law. As such, Sabbatarianism is at the least a form of [[#Legalism|legalism]] and at most a denial of [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] In most cases, the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday) must be observed by refraining from work, sports, and travel from sundown Friday evening to sundown Saturday evening. The belief is often accompanied by the observance of Jewish dietary laws and/or other Old Testament feasts.
| + | |
| − | Sabellianism:<br/> Alternative name for [[#Modalism|Modalism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sabin, Robert:'''<br/> A well-known [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] pastor, writer, and speaker. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sabo, Sandra,'''<br/> Gloucester, MA: [[#Channeling|Channeler]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] healing, spirit guides. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sacred Cycles,'''<br/> Bette Barr-Glover, San Juan Capistrano, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], divine feminine in each person, [[#Numerology|numerology]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''Sacred Cycles'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Mushroom">'''Sacred Mushroom and the Cross, The,'''</div> John Allegro: Book and corresponding church by the late Dead Sea Scroll scholar, Dr. Allegro. "[[#Jesus|Jesus]]" is allegedly the New Testament code word for a mushroom to be used as a sacrament to induce hallucinations and [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sacred Name">'''Sacred Name movement:'''</div> Although some Orthodox Jews and others believe that the name of God is too sacred to speak (and/or fully write), as used in this Index the Sacred Name movement refers to a modern movement that claims that God must be addressed by a form of the Divine Name in the Old Testament (Yahweh, Jehovah, Yah, Yahvah, or some other preferred form). Whichever one ''true'' name is chosen, all other terms or names for God are considered incorrect or references to false deities. Salvation, it is believed, depends on referring to God by His correct name. Most Sacred Name groups also teach [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]] and observe Old Testament dietary laws and feasts. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sacred Order of Mystic Christianity,'''<br/> Mountain View, CA: [[#New|New Age]], mystic keys, Inner God, [[#Christ|Christ]] within, higher self. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SacredScience">'''Sacred Science:''' </div>One of eight criteria of [[#MindControl|Mind Control]] according to [[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s theory of Thought Reform. The group considers their doctrines and beliefs to be sacred and beyond question. Thus, no alternative viewpoint is allowed to exist and open consideration of alternative ideas and free discussion are quashed. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sadhana Society'''<br/> Prescott, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], ESP, [[#Astral|Astral Projection]], telekinesis, levitation, clairvoyance. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sage Center''',<br/> Ann Garner, Arlington, TX: [[#New|New Age]], Use [[#Urantia|The ''Urantia'' Book]] as the primary text. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sage Woman,'''<br/> Point Arena, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], Egyptian rituals, [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Germain">'''Saint Germain:'''</div> See [[#IAM|I AM Movement]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Saint Germain Foundation''',<br/> Schaumburg, IL: Similar to the [[#IAM|I AM Movement]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SavGrace">'''Salvation by Grace:'''</div> The doctrine and message of the [[#Gospel|gospel]] that eternal life is not gained by or conditioned on works but is an undeserved and free gift from God received through faith in [[#Jesus|Jesus[[#Christ|Christ]] as the Lord and Savior who died for our sins and rose from the dead. Contrasted with [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SavWorks">'''Salvation by Works:'''</div> Any doctrine that denies [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] alone by teaching that eternal life is merited, earned, conditioned, or maintained through human effort, religious ritual, financial donations, obedience to laws/commandments, church membership, and/or moral behavior. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Samhain:'''<br/> (pronounced Sah-ween) Alternative name for [[#Halloween|Halloween]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sanctuary of Gaia,'''<br/> Santa Cruz, CA:[[#Gaia|Gaia]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], Earth festivals. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sanctuary of Revealing Light,'''<br/> Mildred Smith: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]]; see also [[#GenSpirit|International General Assembly of Spiritualists]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sankirtana:'''<br/> Religious chant or [[#Mantra|mantra]] repeated over and over to draw practitioners into an ever closer state of God-consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Santeria">'''Santeria:'''</div> Literally "worship of the saints," a syncretism of [[#Roman|Roman Catholicism]] and traditional African [[#Polytheism|polytheistic]] religions established when African slaves were introduced to the Caribbean. Elements include animal sacrifice and [[#Voodoo|voodoo]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Satan">'''Satan,'''</div> (The Devil, The Serpent): Lucifer, a high ranking [[#Angels|angel]] who wanted to be exalted to the position of God. Through this sin, Lucifer fell and became Satan, the Devil, leading a large number of rebellious angels with him who became the [[#Demons|demons]] Satan and his host now seek to destroy the plan and people of God. He will ultimately fail and be eternally punished (Matthew 25:41, Revelation 20:10). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Satanic Bible">'''Satanic Bible:'''</div> Scripture of the [[#ChurchofSatan|Church of Satan]] written by the late Anton LaVey. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Satanism">'''Satanism:'''</div> Represented by two separate groups, secular and traditional Satanists. The secularists do not believe in in a literal, personal, spiritual being called Satan, but rather consider Satan to be an archetype or symbol that represents the ideas of Satanic philosophy. Various satanic ideals include self-interest, indulgence, an anti-herd mentality, and an emphasis upon rational self-interest. Examples of modern Satanism include The Church of Satan founded by Anton LaVey and now led by Peter Gilmore as High Priest, Michael Aquino's Temple of Set, and Lord Egan's First Church of Satan. Traditional Satanism, which involves the worship of the Satan of the Bible through a perversion and parody of Roman Catholicism, appeared in the fifteenth century coming out of the Inquisition. Contemporary expressions of traditional Satanism are rare, and popular elements of it, including the testimonies of alleged former Satanists and Satanic Ritual Abuse have been discredited. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Savior of All Fellowship,'''<br/> Montclair, CA: [[#Universalism|Universalism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School for Esoteric Studies,'''<br/> New York, NY: Masters of Wisdom include [[#Jesus|Jesus]]; influenced by Alice Bailey. See [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School of Ageless Wisdom,'''<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], teachings of Alice Bailey. See [[#Arcane|Arcane School]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School of Alchemy,'''<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Alchemy|alchemy]], [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School of Metaphysics,'''<br/> Dennis Rodgers, Norman, OK: [[#New|New Age]], reaching ultimate potential, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School of Natural Order,'''<br/> Ralph M. deBit, Baker, NV: Mixture of ancient Egyptian, Greek and Eastern philosophies. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''School of Thought,'''<br/> Hope Troxell, June Lake, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Cosmic Brotherhood. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures:<br/> Principal text of [[#ChristScience|Christian Science]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ScienceMan">'''Science of Man,'''</div> Mother Ruth, Portland, OR: An esoteric and mystical order reviving the doctrines of the now defunct [[#HolyOrderofMans|Holy Order of MANS]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Science of Mind:'''<br/> Textbook of [[#ReligiousScience|Religious Science]], written by its founder, Ernest Holmes. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Science of Mind Church,'''<br/> Lunn Gardner, Mobile, AL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], intuitive powers. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Scientology:'''<br/> See [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Scripture Research Association,'''<br/> College Park, MD: [[#SacredName|Sacred Name movement]], the names [[#Jesus|Jesus]] and [[#Christ|Christ]] are pagan. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Scully, Nicki,'''<br/> Eugene, OR: Egyptian rituals, [[#Magic|magic]], Mayan ceremonies. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Seance">'''Seance'''</div>: A meeting, usually involving a [[#Medium|medium]], in which there is a deliberate attempt to practice [[#Necromancy|necromancy]] by contacting or communicating with the dead using [[#Occult|occult]] methods. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Search and Prove,'''<br/> St. Paul Park, MN: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], astral plain, [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Secret Doctrine:'''<br/> See [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Secrets''',<br/> Norma Cox, Marshal, AR: [[#UFO|UFO]]s. Publishes the ''Secrets'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Seeing Beyond,'''<br/> Capitola, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Self-Realization Fellowship''',<br/> Paramahansa Yogananda, Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Awaken the God within, [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Self-Revelation Church of Absolute Monism,'''<br/> Swami Premananda, Washington, D.C.: [[#Pantheism|Pantheism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Serpent">'''Serpent Seed:'''</div> Doctrine that alleges Eve's sin in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3) was sexual. Eve had intercourse with the Serpent and begot Cain, whose father is really Satan not Adam. Cain's descendants were supposedly somehow perpetuated after the flood (usually through Noah's son Ham). Diverse groups teach variations of this doctrine. Cain's descendants are: Jews according to the [[#Identity|Christian Identity Movement]], Communistsdivtheists according to the [[#Unification|Unification Church]], Whites according to the [[#NationYahweh|Nation of Yahweh]], the lost according to [[#Branham|William Branham]], etc. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Seth">'''Seth:'''</div> Spirit entity supposedly [[#Channeling|channeled]] by [[#Roberts|Jane Roberts]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | SEVA, CRISTAL:<br/> See [[#SHY|Spiritual Human Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Seven Oaks,<br/> Madison, VA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], Celebration of Female Spirit, [[#NatAm|Native American]] Vision Quest, Mother Earth, [[#Gaia|Gaia]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SDA">'''Seventh Day Adventist Church (SDA),'''</div> Washington, DC: The largest [[#Adventism|Adventist]] church. Ellen G. White, who claimed to have "the spirit of prophecy," was an important early leader of the movement and taught a number of distinctive SDA doctrines, including the [[#InvestigativeJudgment|Investigative Judgment]] and [[#Sabbatarianism|Sabbatarianism]]While the church's official theology now appears to be generally in the tradition of [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]], certain SDA claims and unique doctrines continue to raise questions. These doctrines include the SDA belief that Sunday worship will result in the "Mark of the Beast," imbalanced teachings on keeping the commandments (baptism, Sabbath observance) that often implies a kind of [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]], the "Remnant Church" doctrine that implies that the SDA is or will be God's only true church, and the doctrine of the [[#InvestigativeJudgment|Investigative Judgment]]''[[#profile/sdapro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shafenberg Research Foundation,'''<br/> Ernest Shafenberg, Kingfisher, OK: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Iridology|iridology]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] readings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shamanism">'''"Shamanism'''</div> Spiritual world view of [[#NatAm|Native American]] and other early cultures that believe that "shamans," witch doctors or spiritual leaders, can provide healing, guidance (i.e., [[#Divination|divination]]), or wisdom through the [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], or [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]]The shaman's soul is sometimes believed to leave the body during a trance (see [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]], [[#Astral|astral projection]]), at which time the shaman will speak with beings from the other worlds or assume animal forms. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shambhala Institute,'''<br/> Asheville, NC: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shambhla Publishing,'''<br/> Boulder, CO: [[#New|New Age]] publisher <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shared Heart Foundation,'''<br/> Joyce and Berry Vissell, Aptos, CA: [[#New|New Age]], promotes numerous mystical and [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] writers. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shenoa Retreat Center,'''<br/> Philo, CA: [[#New|New Age]], consciousness healing, uses [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']], [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shepherding">'''Shepherding:'''</div> Christian growth is allegedly facilitated by yielding personal freedoms to a discipler or "shepherd" who controls virtually every aspect of an individual's life. This is a form of [[#SpiritualAbuse|spiritual abuse]], a manipulative distortion of true biblical discipleship that can ultimately rob individuals of their liberty and autonomy that is to be found in [[#Christ|Christ]]Used by many traditional cults, as well as by some religious organizations that are not cultic in their basic doctrine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shepherd's">'''Shepherd's Chapel, Arnold Murray'''</div> Gravette, AR: Denies the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], teaching instead a doctrine similar to [[#Modalism|Modalism]]Also teaches that humans existed as "gods" in a pre-creation existence with God. Advocates [[#British|British Israelism]] and a form of the [[#Serpent|serpent seed]] doctrine. ''[[#profile/murraypro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shintoism">'''Shintoism:'''</div> (Shen-Tao "the way of the gods.") Ancient [[#Polytheism|polytheistic]] religion of Japan that focuses more on Japanese Culture, traditions, attitudes and ideology rather than a system of doctrines or code of ethics. The roots of the movement are obscure, but it eventually developed into the idea that Japan, unlike other countries, was uniquely fathered by the god ''Izanami,'' whose consort, the goddess ''Izanagi,'' gave birth to the Japanese islands. Consequently the concept evolved that Japanese people are divine and superior to other humans. In one form of the religion, State Shintoism, the Japanese emperors were seen as infallible descendants of the gods. Today devotion centers around public shrines and home altars dedicated to ancestors and gods. The sun goddess ''Amaterasu'' is the chief deity worshipped, and a belief in kami, a form of [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], is also maintained. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shiva">'''Shiva:'''</div> The "destroyer," third member of the triad of gods in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], the others being [[#Brahma|Brahma]] and [[#Vishnu|Vishnu]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Shriners:'''<br/> See [[#Freemasonry|Freemasonry]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Shunning">'''Shunning:''' </div>(Disfellowshipping) An effective technique of control used by [[#JW|Jehovah's Witnesses]] and other groups to instill discipline, punish, or maintain idealistic purity. Members who do not maintain the group's behavioral expectations or who disagree on dogma are isolate the current, faithful members. This includes, in most cases, even family members or friends, who are not allowed to talk or share a meal with the shunned. The faithful, who violate the rule and communicate with the dissident, can themselves be shunned. The practice has been identified as a form of [[#MilieuControl|milieu control]], one of the characteristic marks of cultic [[#MindControl|mind control]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Siddha">'''Siddha Yoga Dham of America,'''</div> Swami Muktananda Paramahansa, South Fallsburg, NY: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], God-Realization. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Siegel, Bernie:<br/> [[#New|New Age]] author/doctor promoting [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Visualization|visualization]] and [[#Holistic|holistic health]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sikhism,'''<br/> Nanak: A religion, based mostly in the Punjab province of India, that attempts to blend [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]] and [[#Islam|Islam]] The movement is based on a vision and subsequent teachings of founder Nanak in the 15th century AD. Disciples, called Sikhs, follow the one true God named ''Sat Nam'' ("True Name"). Their main scriptures are contained in the ''Granth Sahib'' ("The Lord's Book"), compiled by the [[#Guru|guru]] Arjan, and salvation is viewed as a merging with the universal force (as in [[#Pantheism|pantheism]]) . <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Silva">'''Silva Mind Control,'''</div> Jose Silva: [[#New|New Age]], seminars, changing core beliefs, [[#Holistic|holistic health]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Silver, Marshall,'''<br/> Tempe, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] empowerment seminars, [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Singer, David:'''<br/> [[#New|New Age]], seminars, based on [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Singh, Sant Thakar:'''<br/> See [[#Kirpal|Kirpal Light Satsang]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sino-American Buddhism Association,'''<br/> San Francisco, CA: Basic [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] philosophy. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Smith, David J.:'''<br/> See [[#CGEA|Church of God Evanglistic Association]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Smith, Joseph:'''<br/> Founder of [[#LDS|The Church of Jesus Christof Latter-day Saints]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Societas Rosicruciana In America,'''<br/> Palmer, New York, NY: [[#Astrology|Astrology]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Society for Organizational Learning (SoL),'''<br/> Boston, MA: An affiliate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the SoL researches and promotes learning organizations that facilitate institutional evolution and the rethinking of conventional and reactionary beliefs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Society of Pragmatic Mysticism,'''<br/> Mildred Mann, New York, NY: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] Christianity, [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Solar Quest,'''<br/> Seneca, MD: [[#New|New Age]], God is the Higher Energy Force, cosmic energies, vibration patterns, [[#Homeopathy|homeopathy]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Soka Gakkai Buddhism,<br/> Nichiren Daishonin: A mystical form of [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] based on the teachings of 13th century Japanese fisherman Nichiren Daishonin, who taught that the true interpretations of [[#Buddha|Buddha]]'s teachings were recorded in the ''Lotus Sutra.''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SGI">'''Soka Gakkai International (SGI),'''</div> Daisakqu Ikeda, Santa Monica, CA: A cult of Soka Gakkai Buddhism, formerly named Nichiren Shoshu of America. The sect promotes enlightenment though ''gongyo''This involves kneeling before a ''gohonzon'' (black wooden box containing passages from the ''Lotus Sutra''), quoting this scripture, and chanting the ''daimoku'' ("nam-myoho-renge-kyo"). Compared with other forms of Buddhism, this sect is very aggressive in their missionary efforts. This sect allegedly practices [[#MindControl|mind control]], authoritarianism and desires world power. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Solar Temple:'''<br/> See [[#Solar|Order of the Solar Temple]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Songs of David''',<br/> Marvel, TX: See [[#High|Church of the Most High God]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sons of Noah:'''<br/> See [[#Bnai|B'nai Noah]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sophia:'''<br/> Greek [[#Goddess|goddess]] of wisdom also personified in [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]] Goddess worship. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Soul Sleep:'''<br/> (Psychopannychy) The doctrine that human souls sleep or cease conscious existence between death and resurrection. Usually (but not always) a doctrine associated with [[#Adventism|Adventism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Soulmates:'''<br/> Marriage partners from previous lives. See [[#Reincarnation|Reincarnation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Southern Dharma Retreat Center,'''<br/> Hot Springs, NC: [[#New|New Age]]/[[#Hinduism|Hinduism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], teaches from [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']], [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sovereignty, Inc.,'''<br/> Eastsound, WA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spangler, David:'''<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] writer and lecturer. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Spell">'''Spell:'''</div> In witchcraft or [[#Wicca|Wicca]], a ritual to affect a person or the future supernaturally or [[#Magic|magically]]Often involves incantations, and the ceremonial use of herbs, candles, knives, or other [[#Occult|occult]] paraphernalia. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Spirit">'''Spirit Electronic Communication Society,'''</div> Manchester, England: A [[#Spiritualism|spiritualist]] organization founded in 1949 devoted to study Zwaan Rays, an alleged energy field that supposedly can arouse latent [[#Psychic|psychic]] abilities in humans. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spirit of Prophecy Ministry,''' <br/>Las Vegas, NV: Predicted the return of Christ in 1998. Publishes ''Insights into Prophecy''<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Spiritism">'''Spiritism:'''</div> Specifically, the belief found in many primitive Cultures that inanimate objects, plants and/or animals are possessed by spirits (good or evil) which must be appeased through [[#Occult|occult]] practices. More generally, the term can refer to any alleged contact with spirits through occult techniques. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Spiritual Abuse">'''Spiritual Abuse'''</div>: The damage or mistreatment of someone seeking spiritual or religious help or guidance. This injury can occur when someone uses a spiritual position or office to exercise an improper and unhealthy domination or control over followers. [[#Legalism|Legalism]] can be a form of spiritual abuse. [[#profiledivbusepro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spiritual Advancement of the Individual Foundation,'''<br/> Sai Baba, Los Angeles, CA: Eastern philosophy, [[#Avatar1|avatars]], [[#Akashic|Akashic records]], teachings from the so-called lost years of [[#Jesus|Jesus]]Publishes the ''Sathya Sai'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spiritual Advisory Council''',<br/> Orlando, FL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] counseling, Mastering the Life Force; promotes [[#Creme|Benjamin Creme]] and [[#Halpern|Steve Halpern]]'s works. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Frontiers">'''Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship International,'''</div> Author Ford, Philadelphia, PA: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Metaphysics|metaphysics]], paranormal phenomena, [[#ESP|ESP]], biofeedback, [[#Holistic|holistic health]]Joseph Fitch and Martin Ebon, and Elizabeth Fenske are popular leaders in the movement. Affiliated with the [[#AcRelPsych|Academy of Religion and Psychical Research]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spiritual Hierarchy Information Center,'''<br/> Ft. Lauderdale, FL: [[#New|New Age]], cosmic [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spiritual Horizons Church,'''<br/> Houston, TX: [[#Esoteric|Esoteric]] Christianity, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Tarot|Tarot cards]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="SHY">'''Spiritual Human Yoga (SHY),'''</div> Luong Minh Dang (a.k.a. Kong King Knhang): Doomsday cult whose founder was arrested in Belgium but released on 50 million francs bail in April 1999. Dang relocated to St. Louis, MO, in June 1999 and started SHY there. He claims to be able to heal through "laying on of hands," but his techniques have been banned in several countries due to child deaths. Dang has operated under several names, notably Human Universal Energy, and the Institute for Human and Universal Energy Research, Inc. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Spiritual Research Society,<br/> Edward Cain, Grand Rapids, MI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#WhiteBro|Great White Brotherhood]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], cosmic-consciousness. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Spiritual Science Institute,<br/> Santa Barbara, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Hypnosis|hypnotic]] future life progression, [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] teachings. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Spiritualism">'''Spiritualism:'''</div> A movement that began in 1848 with the "raps" of the Fox Sisters (Kate and Margaret) in Hydesville, NY. A form of [[#Spiritism|spiritism]] normally associated with [[#Medium|mediums]] or [[#Channeling|channelers]], who contact the spirits of the deceased (a form of [[#Necromancy|necromancy]]). <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Spring Hill Institute,'''<br/> Robert Gass and Judith Gass Tierre: [[#New|New Age]], Inner Awareness. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Stallone Astrology Center,'''<br/> Jacqueline Stallone, Toluca Lake, CA: [[#Astrology|Astrology]] center founded by the mother of actor Sylvester Stallone. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="StarCenter">'''Star Center for the Americas,'''<div/> Montgomery, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], Divine light or [[#Christ|Christ]] light, [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Karma|karma]]See also [[#CWEL|Church of the White Eagle Lodge]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Starlight Mystic Awareness School,<br/> Diane Tessman, Poway, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]] life Forces, [[#UFO|UFO]]s. Publishes ''The Star Netword Heartline'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Star Quest,'''<br/> Argyle, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Chakras|chakras]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Starshine Center,<br/> Corpus Christi, TX: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Stelle">'''Stelle Group,'''</div> Richard Kieninger, Stelle, IL: Become One with God, The Brotherhood is the Holy Spirit. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Steps to Awareness,'''<br/> Telluride, CO: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Voodoo|voodoo]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sterling">'''Sterling Management:'''<br/> Promotes philosophy of the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]] through business management services, aimed mostly at dentists, chiropractors, doctors, and veterinarians. <br/> | + | |
| − | '''Stil-Light Retreat Center,'''<br/> Waynesville, NC: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Stonehenge">'''Stonehenge:'''</div> Circular cluster of upright stones called ''menhirs'' (long stones) located in Salisbury Plain about 80 miles west of London, England. Various theories of its origins include the belief that ancient [[#Druid|Druids]] built the site as a temple or that it was created by extraterrestrials (cf. [[#UFO|UFO]]s). Some [[#New|New Age]] followers, [[#Neopagan|neo-pagans]], and others believe that the site has mystical powers or energy. <br/> | + | |
| − | Students International Meditation Society:<br/> A branch of [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sublim">'''Subliminal Messages:'''</div> Words or messages communicated at a level below the conscious mind's ability to perceive. Allegedly, messages can enter directly into the subconscious mind, thus by-passing the rational/logical center of the individual's brain. <br/> | + | |
| − | '''Subud,'''<br/> Bapak Mohammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo [1901-1987]: Originated in Java, Indonesia, Subud has spread worldwide. Subud stands for three words, Susila, Budhi, and Dharma. The three words taken together mean, "to follow the Will of God with the help of the Divine Power that works both within us and without, by the way of surrendering oneself to the Will of Almighty God" (Internet; http://www.subud.org/english/english.Btalk.html). This surrendering of oneself occurs primarily in a spiritual exercise known as the ''latihan'' (sometimes, ''latihan kejiwaan''), a trance like state that can produce anything from ecstatic movement and utterance to profound calm. Disengagement of the "passions, desires, and thinking" is essential for entrance into the latihan. "Only by surrendering himself completely to God, not making use of his mind, his heart or his desire, is it possible for man to come into contact with the Power of God" (Ibid.). Thus all the higher critical faculties that set man apart from beast must be suspended. Whatever the experience thus induced, it is simply to be surrendered to and "received." From a Christian point of view this is a perfect recipe for demonic possession. Regular practice of the latihan enables one to discern one's true self, which apparently turns out to be God. "So this Divine Power, which works in us during the exercise, will bring to each person what is already in himself?. Therefore, Bapak says that it is God Who will lead you toward Himself and what really happens in the latihan is that you will be introduced to your real inner self—to the real ‘I'. You must not be afraid and you must not be worried because whatever comes to you in your latihan is only what is in you, and it comes from your inner self. It is the real you that arises in the latihan,?" (Ibid.). <br/>
| + | |
| − | Sufi Order of the Sons of the Green Light,<br/> New York, NY: See [[#Sufism|Sufism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sufism">'''Sufism:'''</div> Mystical sect of [[#Islam|Islam]]Rather than focusing on the Five Pillars of Islam, Sufis seek ultimate religious experience through mystic trances or [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]], often induced through twirling dances (the "whirling dervish"). Although the Qur'an is considered scripture, many practitioners have more in common with the [[#New|New Age]] movement than with classic forms of Islam. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Summit Lighthouse/Summit University:'''<br/> See [[#ChurchUni|Church Universal and Triumphant]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Summum,'''<br/> Salt Lake City, UT: [[#New|New Age]], [[#UFO|UFO]]s, ascended consciousness, mummification. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''The Sun'''<br/> Chapel Hill, NC: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sundoor,'''<br/> Peggy Dylan, Twain Harte, CA: [[#New|New Age]], self-realization, [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], firewalking. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Superet Brotherhood for Mankind,'''<br/> Josephine C. Trust, Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Father-Mother God, [[#Aura|auras]], Bible Mysteries. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Supersensonic Energy Technologies,<br/> Boulder Creek, CA: [[#New|New Age]] health, [[#Crystal|crystals]], God is a force, [[#Pyramidology|pyramidology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Sutphen, Dick:'''<br/> See [[#Master|Master of Life]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Sweat">'''Sweat Lodge:'''</div> [[#NatAm|Native American spiritual]] ritual associated with spiritual purification ceremonies and rites. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Swedenborg">'''Swedenborg Foundation,'''</div> Emanuel Swedenborg, New York, NY: Denies the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], rejects many books of the Bible. Swedenborg a geologist and scientist who left his Lutheran background to become a medium and mystic. He wrote ''Arcana Coelestia: The Earths in the Universe.'' Latter-day prophet, [[#Spiritism|spiritism]], [[#Automatic|automatic writing]]Publishes ''Chrysalis. [[#profile/swedenborgpro.htm|Profile]]'' available <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''SYDA:'''<br/> See [[#Siddha|Siddha Yoga Dham of America]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Synchronicity Foundation,'''<br/> Faber, VA: [[#New|New Age]], Hatha [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div di="T">'''T'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Taff, Signe Quinn'''<br/> Sedona, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Astrology|astrology]].
| + | |
| − | '''Taj Mahal,'''<br/> Agra, India: A 17th-century mausoleum considered to be a holy building by some, including [[#New|New Age]] followers. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Talisman">'''Talisman:'''<br/> Small stones or amulets believed to possess power in themselves to guard against evil spirits or for use in the invocation of [[#Demons|demons]] by sorcerers. Also an ancient [[#Occult|occult]] belief that certain objects or symbols contain supernatural magical powers, used for attraction of love, health, success and power to control nature or others. Closely aligned with witchcraft (see [[#Wicca|Wicca]]) and [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Tao, TaoTe Ching, Tao Tsang:'''<br/> See [[#Taoism|Taoism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Taoism">'''Taoism,</div> Lao-tzu: Chinese philosophy teaching that there is no personal God—all is the impersonal Tao (similar to the impersonal God-force of [[#Pantheism|pantheism]] in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]). The Tao is composed of conflicting opposites ([[#Yin|Yin and Yang]]) which should be balanced or harmonized through [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], etc., to promote spiritual wholeness. According to legend, Taoism founder Lao-tzu wrote ''Tao Te Ching'' ("The Way and Its Power") about 550 BC. His teaching was developed and spread in the third century BC by Chuang-Tzu, whose writings inspired the ''Tao Tsang,'' 1200 volumes of Taoist scripture. <br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Tara">'''Tara Center,'''</div> Benjamin Creme, North Hollywood, CA: [[#New|New Age]], Maitreya is [[#Jesus|Jesus]] returned, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]Publishes ''The Emergence'' newsletter and ''Share International'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Tarot">'''Tarot Cards:'''</div> [[#Occult|Occult]], used for [[#Divination|divination]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Teachers of Light:<br/> See [[#Yada|Church of E Yada di Shi-ite]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Technicians">'''Technicians of the Sacred,'''</div> Burbank, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Santeria|Santeria]], [[#Voodoo|voodoo]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Gnosticism|Gnosticism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Temple of Danann,'''<br/> Michael Ragan, Hanover, IN: [[#Paganism|Paganism]]/[[#Occult|occult]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Wicca|Wicca]], [[#Astrology|astrology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Temple of Kriya Yoga,<br/> Goswami Kriyananda, Chicago, IL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]], [[#Karma|karma]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Astral|astral projection]], [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Temple of Set,'''<br/> Michael Aquino: [[#Satanism|Satanism]], Egyptian rituals, [[#Magic|magic]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Temple of the Ascended Master,<br/> Ted M. Pierce, Yarness, AZ: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], God within, [[#Karma|karma]] erasing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Temple of the People,'''<br/> William Dower, Halcyon, CT: Mixture of [[#IAM|I AM]] and [[#Theosophy|theosophical]] philosophy. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Temple of the Psychedelic Light and the Church of the Realized Fantasy,<br/> Daniel Rakowitz, East Village, NY: [[#Satanism|Satanism]], human sacrifice, cannabilism. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Temple of the Universe,'''<br/> Amrit Desai, Alachua, FL: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Temple of Truth:'''<br/> See [[#LightTruth|Light of Truth Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Teresa, Joan'''<br/> (Power Products) Mars Hill, NC: See Joan Teresa Power Products. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Teutonic Temple,'''<br/> Clarence Bartholomew, The Dallas, OR: [[#Occult|Occult]], sacred feasts, [[#Paganism|paganism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Texas Wholistic Network,'''<br/> Azel, TX: [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], higher self. Publishes the ''Lightworker'' newspaper. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Theosophical Society in America,'''<br/> Wheaton, IL: Main organization in the [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]] movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Theosophical Society – International,'''<br/> Pasadena, CA: Offshoot of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Theosophy">'''Theosophy,'''</div> Madame Helena Petrovna Blavatsky: The Word "theosophy" literally means "God wisdom." Founded in 1875 to form a universal brotherhood of humanity. Teaches [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], striving for [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], and [[#Occult|occult]] and paranormal phenomena. Important early leaders include Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and [[#Besant|Annie Besant]] Important texts include Isis Unveiled, The Secret Doctrine, and The Golden Book of the Theosophical Society. Similar and/or related to the [[#Arcane|Arcane School]], the [[#IAM|I AM]] Movement, the Liberal Catholic Church, and [[#Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucianism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Theosophy Company,<br/> Los Angeles, CA: Offshoot of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]; see [[#UnitedLodge|United Lodge of Theosophists]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Touch">'''Therapeutic Touch:'''</div> [[#New|New Age[[#Holistic|holistic health]] practice developed by Dolores Krieger and Dora Kunz of using alleged body energy ([[#Chi|chi]]) to heal a patient. Therapists move their hands just above the surface of the patient, never actually touching the body. This process is said to release the body's natural psychic energy, thereby physically healing the body. Becoming very common in nursing schools and hospitals throughout America. Similar to [[#Reiki|Reiki]][[#profile/touchpro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Third Eye:'''<br/> Highest [[#Chakras|chakra]], supposedly found in the middle of the forehead. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Thought Reform:''' <br/>[[#Lifton|Robert Lifton]]'s term for [[#MindControl|Mind Control]], more popularly known as [[#Brainwashing|brainwashing]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Thought Trends,'''<br/> Roswell, GA: [[#New|New Age]] newspaper. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Tibetan">'''Tibetan Buddhism:'''</div> (Lamaism) A blending of [[#Buddhism|Buddhism]] with the [[#Occult|occultism]] of Tibet which developed in the 7th century AD Lamas (priests) are perpetually led by the Dalai Lama who is worshipped as the most recent [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] of Bodhisattva Chenresi. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''TM:'''<br/> Acronym for [[#TM|Transcendental Meditation]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Torres">'''Torres, Penny:'''</div> [[#New|New Age]], allegedly [[#Channeling|channels]] the spirit entity Mafu. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Touch for Health:<br/> See [[#Touch|Therapeutic Touch]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | ''Touch Stone,''<br/> San Francisco, CA: [[#Occult|Occult]]/[[#Paganism|paganism]] periodical, [[#Wicca|Wicca]], [[#Rune|runes]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Touch Therapy:'''<br/> See [[#Touch|Therapeutic Touch]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Trance">'''Trance'''</div>: An spontaneous or induced [[#Altered|altered state of consciousness]], similar to [[#Hypnosis|hypnosis]], which is often employed by [[#Channeling|channelers]] and [[#Medium|mediums]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Trance Channeling:'''<br/>See [[#Channeling|Channeling]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="TM">'''Transcendental Meditation,'''</div> Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: (TM) [[#New|New Age]], [[#Altered|altered state of consciousness]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], promises to expand creativity, self-awareness, and world peace. At the group's [[#Maharishi|Maharishi]] University in Fairfield, IA, TM students attempt levitation through [[#Meditation|meditation]] techniques. ''[[#profile/tmpro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Transformational Seminars:<br/> [[#New|New Age]], stress management. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Tree of Knowledge,'''<br/> Westchester, IL: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], higher consciousness, [[#Tarot|Tarot]], [[#PastLifeReg|past life regression]], Fall moon [[#Meditation|meditation]]Publishes the ''Tree of Knowledge'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Trick or Treat:'''<br/> See [[#Halloween|Halloween]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Trinity">'''Trinity:'''</div> A doctrine held historically by orthodox [[#Christianity|Christianity]] The one true God eternally exists as three distinct Persons — the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The three are co-equal, co-eternal, and one in essence. This doctrine contrasts with both [[#Modalism|Modalism]] and [[#Tritheism|Tritheism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Tritheism">'''Tritheism:'''</div> The belief in three separate Gods. A denial of the Trinity doctrine and a form of [[#Polytheism|polytheism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="TPMCOG">'''Triumph Prophetic Ministries Church of God,'''</div> William Dankenbring, Altadena, CA: [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group; publishes ''Prophecy Flash.''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Triumph Publishing:'''<br/> See [[#TPMCOG|Triumph Prophetic Ministries Church of God]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''True Mother and True Father:'''<br/> Titles of Rev. Sun Myung Moon, founder of the [[#Unification|Unification Church]], and his wife. <br/>'''Tucson Tabernacle,'''<br/> Tucson, AZ: See [[#Branham|Branhamism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Two by Twos:'''<br/> Alternative name for [[#Cooneyites|Cooneyites]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="U">'''U'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''UFOs:'''<br/> Acronym for [[#UFO|Unidentified Flying Object]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''UG''',<br/> Farmingdale, NY: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Kinesiology|Applied Kinesiology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Unarius">'''Unarius Academy of Science/Unarius Education Foundation,'''</div> Ruth Norman/Ernest Norman, El Cajon, CA: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Psychic|psychic]] communication. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Understanding Inc.,<br/> Daniel Fry, Tonopah, AZ: [[#UFO|UFO]]s, [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#ESP|ESP]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="UFO">'''Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs):'''</div> The term is used generally for all reported sightings of unidentified objects in the sky, most of which turn out to be natural phenomena (e.g., Venus) or man-made craft (e.g., weather balloons). More specifically, the term UFOs refers to allegedly sighted "flying saucers" or other alien spacecrafts. UFO beliefs can range between innocuous speculation that extraterrestrial beings may have visited Earth to quasi-religious devotion to the alleged presence and teachings of aliens. Often these beings are believed to be non-physical (spiritual) entities who are communicating telepathically (psychically) with contactees. Their messages are virtually always contrary to biblical beliefs. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Unification">'''Unification Church,'''</div> Sun Myung Moon, New York, NY: Full name, Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity. Jesus brought only spiritual salvation; another "savior" is needed to fulfill Jesus' mission. Moon is that Messiah (or [[#Christ|Christ]]) and "Lord of the Second Advent." This group has over 200 front organizations. Moon's Divine Principle is scripture. See [[#Serpent|Serpent Seed]][[#profile/moonpro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Unitarianism">'''Unitarianism:'''</div> Generically, the rejection of the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] in favor of the idea that God is exclusively one person. Unlike [[#Monarchianism|monarchianism]] or [[#Modalism|modalism]], which view Jesus as a manifestation of the unipersonal God, or subordinationism, which views Jesus as a secondary divine being (e.g., the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]), Unitarianism views Jesus as a mere human being. Specifically, the term refers to the Unitarian movement that originated in late 18th-century New England and to the denominational body that merged with the Universalists in the 20th century to form the [[#UU|Unitarian-Universalist Association]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="UU">'''Unitarian Universalist Association:'''<br/> A denomination formed in 1961 by the merger of the American Unitarian Association (the principal religious body teaching [[#Unitarianism|Unitarianism]]) and the Universalist Church in America (which emphasized [[#Universalism|universalism]]). While the two parent denominations were rooted in [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]], the UUA does not even profess to be a specifically Christian body. Its churches exhibit an eclectic blend of liberal Christianity, humanism, [[#Atheism|atheism]], and [[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="United CoG">'''United Church of God:''' </div>[[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] splinter group. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''United Church of Jesus Christ:'''<br/> [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="UnitedLodge">'''United Lodge of Theosophists,'''</div> New York, NY: See [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="UPC">'''United Pentecostal Church International:'''</div> The largest [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] church body. <br/>
| + | |
| − | United Research,<br/> James V. Goure, Black Mountain, NC: [[#New|New Age]], [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]], energy fields, [[#Meditation|meditation]], extra-dimensional communication. Publishes the ''U R Light'' newsletter. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Unitology Thought,'''<br/> Indianapolis, IN: [[#Meditation|Meditation]], [[#Visualization|visualization]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Unity Churches:'''<br/> Affiliated with the [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Unity of Knowledge Foundation''',<br/> Edith May Custard, Arlington, VA: Mixture of [[#Theosophy|Theosophy]] and the teachings of [[#Bailey|Alice Bailey]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Unity">'''Unity School of Christianity,'''</div> Charles and Myrtle Fillmore, Lee's Summit, MO: [[#New|New Age]]God is the invisible, intangible something called Life. The Father is Principle, [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was the most complete manifestation of the One Mind, and the Holy Spirit is the activity of the God-Mind in the consciousness of man. Denies the reality of evil, pain, sickness and death. [[#profile/unitypro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Unity Village:'''<br/> [[#Unity|Unity School of Christianity]] headquarters in Lee's Summit, MO. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Christian Movement,'''<br/> Glencoe, IL: God is Power, uses Mind Power for healing; all humans are God. Publishes ''The Christian Liberation'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Kosmon">'''Universal Faithists of Kosmon,'''<br/> George Morley: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Karma|karma]], "[[#Atonement|at-one-ment]]" with the All Highest, [[#Channeling|channeling]]Uses [[#OAHSPE|''OAHSPE'']] for text. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Harmony Foundation,'''<br/> Seminole, FL: Practical [[#Metaphysics|Metaphysics]], REALization, Deity-and-Man. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Life Church,'''<br/> Kirby Hensley, Medesto, CA: All people have the right to do what they feel is right; subjective truth. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Life Church of the Seven African Powers,'''<br/> Miami, FL: [[#Santeria|Santeria]]; honor the god Ogun. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Life Temple,'''<br/> New Port, MI: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]], [[#Aura|aura]], fifth dimensional consciousness, levitation, telepathy. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Light of Christ Church,'''<br/> Pat RaimondoAzle, TX: Raimondo claims that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] appeared to her; latter day revelation, [[#ChristCon|Christ-consciousness]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Mother Mary's Garden:'''<br/> See [[#Mon-Ka|Mon-Ka Retreat…]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Network,'''<br/> Aztec, NM: [[#UFO|UFOs]], space communiqués, cosmic telepathy, spiritual hierarchy. Publishes ''Universal Network'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universal Spiritualist Association,'''<br/> Chesterfield, IN: [[#Spiritualism|Spiritualism]], [[#Occult|occult]], [[#Medium|medium]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], ritual [[#Magic|magic]], divine within. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Universal Temple of Divine Light,<br/> Don Slocum, Baton Rouge, LA: [[#New|New Age]], spirit entities, [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], Satan and Evil are illusions. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Universalism">'''Universalism:'''</div> Generically, the belief that all people will eventually receive salvation and eternal life. Many different groups hold to universalism from various perspectives and for diverse (and sometimes opposing) reasons. This doctrine is prevalent in [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]] (among both [[#Protestantism|Protestants]] and [[#Roman|Roman Catholics]]), as well as in the [[#New|New Age]] movement and in most non-monotheistic world religions. Specifically, universalism refers to a movement dating from the late 18th century that originally affirmed universalism on the basis that Jesus' redemptive death paid for the sins of all people. As universalism developed it came to affirm that people are acceptable as they are and that no atonement or redemption from sin is needed or provided. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Universariun Foundation, Inc.,'''<br/> Portland, OR: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Ascended|Ascended Masters]], [[#Channeling|channeling]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="UCL">'''University of the Christ Light,'''</div> Charlotte, NC: [[#New|New Age]]; inner states of consciousness; man is the essence of God (cf. [[#Pantheism|pantheism]]); [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was an Essene (i.e., a member of a first-century Jewish sect that New Agers theorize was more [[#New|New Age]] than Jewish); Universal Mother. <br/>
| + | |
| − | University of the Trees,<br/> Christopher Hill, Boulder Creek, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]] for children, balancing energies (cf. [[#Chi|chi]]), [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | University of the 12 Rays of the Great Central Sun:<br/> See [[#UCL|University of the Christ Light]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Upanishads">'''Upanishads:'''</div> One of the books considered scripture in [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Upper Triad,'''<br/> Manassas, VA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], [[#Karma|karma]], many paths to God, [[#Astral|astral body]]Publishes ''The Upper Triad'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="URANTIA">''URANTIA Book, The:''</div> Written in 1955, this 2,097 page book reflects a 19th century [[#Psychic|psychically]] inspired gospel. Allegedly, Earth's true name is Urantia, and it is part of the universe of Nebadon (itself part of the larger universe of Orvonton) ruled by a committee. The Nebadon commission of twelve, acting under the direction of Mantutia Melchizedek, supposedly delivered portions of the book to earth. Several organizations view the book as scripture. ''[[#profile/urantiapro.htm|Profile]]'' available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''URANTIA Brotherhood,'''<br/> Chicago, IL: [[#URANTIA|URANTIA]]-based group established in 1955 and reorganized in 1989 after a corporate shakeup. See [[#FifthEpochal|Fifth Epochal Fellowship]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''URANTIA Foundation,'''<br/> Chicago, IL: Established in 1950. Holds the copyright on ''[[#URANTIA|The URANTIA Book]]''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Urshan, Andrew:'''<br/> An early, well-known [[#OnePent|Oneness Pentecostal]] writer and speaker.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="V">'''V'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Vedas:'''<br/> A compilation of four holy writings forming the oldest sacred scriptures of [[#Hinduism|Hinduism]].
| + | |
| − | Verse 1 of Psalms 91,<br/> Marvel, TX: See [[#High|Church of the Most High God]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Virgin">'''Virgin Birth:'''</div> The belief that when [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was conceived and born of Mary she was a virgin, and that [[#Jesus|Jesus]] was conceived of the Holy Spirit. (Matthew 1:18–25). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Vishnu">'''Vishnu:'''</div> The preserver and second member of the triad of [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] demigods-gods including [[#Brahma|Brahma]] and [[#Shiva|Shiva]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Vision Quest:'''<br/> [[#NatAm|Native American spiritual]] ceremony involving [[#OBE|out-of-body experiences]] or [[#Astral|astral projection]]; also called the Way of Inner Journey. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Visions Travel,'''<br/> Los Angeles, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Dowsing|dowsing]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], spiritual energies. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Visualization">'''Visualization:''' </div>[[#New|New Age]] practice of using one's imagination allegedly to affect or manipulate reality. [[#Meditation|Meditating]] on, affirmation of, or "naming" of an object or goal, which supposedly creates the desired effect through "mind over matter." See [[#Maya|Maya]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Voice of Reality,'''<br/> Phoenix, AZ: [[#New|New Age]] newspaper. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Voice of the Olive Tree, Inc.,'''<br/> Bernard Harland, Monrovia, CA: Latter day prophet, [[#Jesus|Jesus]]' second coming was predicted for 1986 (see [[#False|false prophecy]]). <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Voodoo">'''Voodoo:'''</div> African religion, animal sacrifice, chants and incantations. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Vorilhon, Claude:''' <br/>(Rael) See [[#Raelian|Raelian Religion]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="W">'''W'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Waldorf Schools:'''<br/> Based on the [[#Occult|occult]] and [[#Esoteric|esoteric]] teachings of Rudolf Steiner, founder of the [[#Anthro|Anthroposophical Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Walpurgisnacht:'''<br/> Alternate name for [[#Beltane|Beltane]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Warren Bible Students:'''<br/> See [[#BibleStu|Bible Students]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Watchman Nee:'''<br/> See [[#Local%22" church="|The Local Church]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="WTmag">'''Watchtower:'''</div> Magazine published by the [[#Watchtower|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]]; full name, The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Watchtower">'''Watchtower Bible and Tract Society,'''</div> Charles Taze Russell, Brooklyn, NY: [[#Satan|Satan]] is the originator of the idea of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]]The Father is the supreme God whose real name is Jehovah. [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is a created being known originally as Michael the Archangel; he is "a god," not Jehovah. Jesus only rose spiritually, not bodily, from the dead. The Holy Spirit is the impersonal active force of God. Only the anointed class (or [[#Little|little flock]]) numbering 144,000 will go to heaven, while faithful "other sheep" will live eternally on a paradise earth; the lost will cease to exist ([[#Annihilationism|annihilationism]]). Publishes the [[#WTmag|''Watchtower'']] and ''Awake!'' magazines, the ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures'' (their own version of the Bible), as well as numerous books. Originally called International Bible Students, followers today are called Jehovah's Witnesses. [[#LostArticles/jwm.htm|Research material]] available. [[#profile/jwpro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Way Corps, The:'''<br/> See [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Way">'''Way International,'''</div> The, Victor Paul Wierwille New Knoxville, OH: [[#Jesus|Jesus]] is not God or co-equal with God the Father, a [[#Unitarianism|Unitarian]] doctrine of God; latter-day verbal call from God to reestablish the true church. The group meets in small groups called Twigs, usually in members' homes. Main recruitment course is the ''Way of Abundance and Power,'' which replaced the old ''Power for Abundant Living'' (PFAL) . The American Christian Press is their publishing arm. Their annual concert/convention, the Rock of Ages, has been discontinued. Current leader is Rosalie F. Rivenbark, installed as third president after resignation of [[#Martindale|Craig Martindale]], who was under accusation of sexual misconduct. The Way has experienced several splits in recent years. [[#profile/waypro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="WayHap">'''Way to Happiness:'''</div> Twenty-one point ethics formula written by [[#Hubbard|L. Ron Hubbard]] promoted by the [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]] for use in elementary education. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Weil, Andrew:'''<br/> A medical doctor who helped popularize [[#New|New Age]] alternative medicine or [[#Holistic|holistic health]] in his book, ''Spontaneous Healing''<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Western Nath Order,'''<br/> Seattle, WA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Magic|magic]], guardian spirits, Inner being of Supreme light. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Whirling Dervish:'''<br/> See [[#Sufism|Sufism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''White Dove International,'''<br/> Stuart Wilde, Taos, NM: [[#New|New Age]], human potential, higher self, stress reduction seminars. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''White Dove Partridge:'''<br/> See [[#Mon-Ka|Mon-Ka Retreat…]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''White Eagle:'''<br/> See [[#StarCenter|Star Center for the Americas]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''White, Ellen G.:'''<br/> See [[#SDA|Seventh-day Adventist Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''White, Walter:''' <br/>See [[#FollowersChristChurch|Followers of Christ Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Whitelights,'''<br/> Westlake Village, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Channeling|channeling]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] Ashtoar and Athena, astral planes. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Whitney, Michael:''' <br/>See [[#AmericanTemple|American Temple]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Whittaker, Terry Cole:'''<br/> See [[#Cole-Whittaker|Terry Cole-Whittaker]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Whole Life Network,'''<br/> Santa Cruz, CA: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Psychic|psychic]], [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#Shamanism|shamanism]], [[#Rebirthing|rebirthing]]Publishes the ''Whole Life Network'' quarterly. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wholistic Innerworks Foundation,'''<br/> Randy Barns, Durango, CO: [[#New|New Age]]; [[#Holistic|holistic health]], specifically [[#Touch|therapeutic touch]], [[#Reflexology|reflexology]], [[#Reiki|Reiki]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], medicine women. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Wicca">'''Wicca:'''</div> The practice of witchcraft, nature worship, worship of the Gods and [[#Goddess|Goddess]], [[#Paganism|paganism]] and neopaganism, various groups with assorted names. In modern form, it is a revival of pagan religions ([[#Neopagan|neo-paganism]]) and the worship of "pre-Christian" Gods and Goddesses. A common creed is, "Do what you will, and harm none." Modern Wicca owes much to the influence of Gerald B. Gardner and has been further advanced by the writings of Patricia Monaghan, Silver Ravenwolf, the late Doreen Valiente, and the leading [[#Occult|occult]] publisher [[#Llewellyn|Llewellyn World Wide Ltd]]In popular culture, films and television programs such as ''The Craft, Practical Magic, Sabrina the Teenage Witch,'' and ''Charmed'' have helped attract teens and children to this growing religion. See [[#Magic|Magic]][[#profile/witchpro.htm|''Profile'']] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wierwille, Victor Paul:'''<br/> See [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wikima'''<br/> Arlington, TX: [[#Occult|Occult]], [[#Paganism|paganism]], [[#Crystal|crystal]] ball readings, spirit guides, [[#Shamanism|shamanism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wilde, Stuart:'''<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] author and lecturer. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Williamson, Marianne:'''<br/> Prominent [[#New|New Age]] author and speaker. Best known for her book, ''A Return To Love;'' also wrote ''Illuminata'' and other books. See [[#Course|''A Course in Miracles'']] for underlying theology. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Willow Keep,'''<br/> Wilton, NH: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], [[#Talisman|talismans]], [[#Crystal|crystals]], [[#Magic|magic]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] quest. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Windsong Explorations,'''<br/> Bonnie Simrell, Nederland, CO: [[#NatAm|Native American spirituality]], Mother Earth, [[#Touch|therapeutic touch]], [[#Chakras|chakra]] balancing. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wisdom Institute of Spiritual Education,'''<br/> Dallas, TX: [[#New|New Age]], God-within. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''WISE International,'''<br/> Los Angeles, CA: Acronym for Worldwide Institute of Scientology Enterprises; promotes [[#Scientology|Church of Scientology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Wise Woman Center,'''<br/> Susan Weed, Woodstock, NY: [[#Paganism|Pagan]], [[#Goddess|goddess]] worship, Equinox and [[#Halloween|Halloween]] festivals. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Witchcraft">'''Witchcraft:'''</div> See [[#Wicca|Wicca]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Witness Lee:'''<br/> See [[#Local%22" church="|The Local Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''W.J. Publishers,'''<br/> Brother Stanley, Toronto, Ontario: [[#New|New Age]], Cosmic-Psychic Treatment, Egyptian rituals. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Woman's Circle,'''<br/> El Prado, NM: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Shamanism|shamanistic]] journeys, [[#Visualization|visualization]], [[#NatAm|Native American]] medicine bags. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Women's Federation for World Peace,<br/> Hak Ja Han Moon, New York, NY: Connection with the [[#Unification|Unification Church]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Womyn Healing,'''<br/> Sandra Boston de Sylvia, Greenfield, MA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], guided [[#Meditation|meditation]], visions, [[#Gaia|Gaia]] festivals. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Word-Faith">'''Word-Faith Movement:'''</div> A movement based in large part on the teachings of E. W. Kenyon (1867-1948) that became a distinct movement under the teaching and leadership of Kenneth Hagin, a Pentecostal faith-healing evangelist. God himself is said to have created the world and to do all that he does by speaking words of faith. Man's creation in God's image is commonly understood to mean that human beings are "little gods" capable of speaking creative words of faith. The fall of Adam into sin is interpreted as having transformed Adam (and all unredeemed people) into Satan's nature and as having transferred Adam's godhood or dominion on earth to [[#Satan|Satan]],[[#Jesus|Jesus]] is believed to have become man in order to restore human beings to godhood as renewed "incarnations" of God. He is said to have done this by dying spiritually as well as physically on the cross, suffering in hell, and then while in hell becoming the first person to be "born again," before finally being raised from the dead. Those who believe in Jesus are supposedly empowered to speak words of faith again, especially in order to obtain bodily health and financial prosperity (both of which are supposedly guaranteed as present possessions in the Atonement). . In contrast, traditional Christian theology teaches that God and God alone can bring about whatever he chooses; that man was created to reflect God's character and to implement his will, not to be little gods; that man is fallen but not Satanic in nature; that God is still in control of this world; that Jesus Christ alone is God incarnate; that Jesus died physically, not spiritually, to redeem us; that Jesus therefore was not born again; and that health and prosperity are promised to believers in the future resurrection. In the meantime God heals and prospers people providentially and miraculously when and as he sees fit. Most of the followers of the Word-Faith teachers are Pentecostals and other [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christians]],[[#profile|Profile]] available. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Word Over the World (WOW):'''<br/> See [[#Way|The Way International]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | World Community, J.E. Rash, Bedford, VI: [[#New|New Age]], mystic, teaches the "five ancient Orders." <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | World Council of Churches:<br/> An international agency promoting interfaith dialogue and ecumenical cooperation among churches. Most participants are mainline denominations dominated by the theological perspective of [[#LibChrist|liberal Christianity]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | '' World Tomorrow, The:'' The now defunct radio and television program begun by Herbert Armstrong. See [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Wcog">Worldwide Church of God, Herbert W. Armstrong</div><br/> Pasadena, CA: Under the leadership of its founder, Herbert W. Armstrong, this church rejected the essential doctrines of [[#EvanChrist|evangelical Christianity]], denying the doctrine of the [[#Trinity|Trinity]], the full deity of [[#Jesus|Jesus]],[[#Christ|Christ]], and the personality of the Holy Spirit. The church epitomized the somewhat eclectic set of beliefs and practices that became known as [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]] Beginning in the early 1990s under the leadership Armstrong's successors, Joseph W. Tkach and his son Joe Tkach, this group has undergone remarkable doctrinal transformation. They now hold to a traditional evangelical position on the nature of God and the [[#Gospel|gospel]], teaching the [[#Trinity|Trinity]] and [[#SavGrace|salvation by grace]] alone, through faith alone. Large numbers of its membership have left to join splinter groups that still teach classic [[#Armstrongism|Armstrongism]]Publishes The Plain Truth magazine. [[#profile|Profile]] available. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Worrall, Olda:'''<br/> See [[#NewLife|New Life Clinic]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | WOW: (Word Over the World). See [[#Way|The Way Internationa]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="X">'''X'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Y">'''Y'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | Yahweh ben Yahweh: Founder of [[#NationYahweh|Nation of Yahweh]].<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Yahwehism">'''Yahwehism:'''</div> Alternative name for the [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Yahweh's Assembly in Messiah, David Barnard, Rockport, MO: Publishes ''The Master Key, Unlocking Bible Truth'' magazine. See [[#SacredName|Sacred Name]] movement. <br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Yang:'''<br/> See [[#Yin|Yin and Yang]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Yes Education Society, Washington, D.C.: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Palm|palm reading]], [[#Astrology|astrology]], [[#Iridology|iridology]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Yi King: Alternative form of the term [[#IChing|I Ching]],<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Yin">'''Yin and Yang:'''</div> [[#Taoism|Taoist]] concept, used in the [[#New|New Age]] movement, holding that the universe consists of two opposite energy forces (positive/negative; male/female, etc.). Both are necessary and both must be harmonized for proper function. This Yin and Yang also flow through the human body so that a balance is required to maintain health. Many [[#New|New Age]],[[#Holistic|holistic health]] techniques, such as [[#Acupuncture|acupuncture]], are based on attempts to balance this alleged energy or [[#Chi|chi]] When all is balanced, the Yin and Yang harmonize and the body works properly. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Yoga">'''Yoga'''</div> Exercises (physical, mental or spiritual) based on Eastern metaphysical assumptions designed to aid in enlightenment or self-realization. Goals sometimes include [[#Altered|altered states of consciousness]] or uniting the practitioner with the impersonal [[#Pantheism|pantheistic]] God. Types of Yoga include: Karma Yoga (spiritual union through correct conduct), Bhakti Yoga (spiritual union through devotion to a [[#Guru|Guru]], Juana Yoga (spiritual union through hidden knowledge), Raja Yoga (spiritual union through mental control), Hatha Yoga (spiritual union through body control [[#Meditation|meditation]], Kundalini Yoga (spiritual union through focusing inner energy) and Tantra Yoga (spiritual union through sexual practices). Yoga philosophy is based on the concept of [[#Reincarnation|reincarnation]] and is drawn from the [[#Upanishads|Upanishads]] and other [[#Hinduism|Hindu]] scriptures. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Yoga Journal, Berkley, CA: [[#New|New Age]] periodical. See [[#Yoga|Yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Yoga Research Foundation, Jyotir Maya Nanda, Miami, FL: Yoga, Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]] Publishes ''International Yoga Guide'' magazine. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Yoga Research Society, Phildelphia, PA: Eastern [[#Mysticism|mysticism]], [[#Yoga|yoga]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], alternative healing practices (i.e., [[#Holistic|holistic health]]. Publishes the ''Yoga Research'' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Yogi: A teacher or master of [[#Yoga|yoga]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | York, Malachi Z., See [[#AncientMysticOrder|Ancient Mystic Order of Malchizedek]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Yule: [[#Occult|Occult]] holiday celebrated on the shortest day of the year, the winter solstice (December 21). Because of its close proximity to Christmas, the term Yule has often been used as a designation for Christmas. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Z">'''Z'''</div><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="Zen">'''Zen Buddhism:'''</div> A branch of Mahayana [[#B|Buddhism]] believed to have originated in India from the teachings of a Buddhist master, Bodhidharma, about 600 BC, but traced back by advocates to the [[#Buddha|Buddha]] himself. Practitioners seek ''satori'' (sudden illumination enabling bliss and harmony), which cannot be explained but only experienced. Techniques include ''zazen'' (sitting [[#Meditation|meditation]] techniques) and ''koans'', which are short riddles or sayings. The koans (which number about 1,700) are not designed to have cognitive answers but to promote the experience of Zen.<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | <div id="ZenMaster">'''Zen Master Rama'''</div> a.k.a. Frederick P. Lenz: [[#Occult|Occult]], ancient Egyptian rituals, [[#Meditation|meditation]], [[#Atlantis|Atlantis]] Also known as the computer guru whose software company, Advanced Systems, Inc., has been called a recruiting arm for his [[#MindControl|mind control]], [[#New|New Age]] group. See [[#Zen|Zen Buddhism]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Zendik Farm, Wulf Aendik, Boulveard, CA: [[#Paganism|Paganism]], cosmic connection, [[#Psychic|psychic]] realm. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Zentech, Don Mead, Surry, ME: [[#New|New Age]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], dreamwaves. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Zerubbabel, Inc., Hopkinsville, KY: God is All [[#Pantheism|pantheism]], man is [[#Christ|Christ]] in true essence. Publishes ''The '''Intercessor''''' newsletter. <br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Zodiac:''' See [[#Astrology|Astrology]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | '''Zohar/Zolar:''' See [[#Kabbalah|Kabbalah]]<br/><br/>
| + | |
| − | Zoroastrianism, Zoroaster: Religion thought to be founded about 600 BC in Persia (present day Iran). According to legend, Zoroaster received enlightenment by the Daitya river when, at age 30, he received a vision of Vohu Manah ("Good Thought") who took him into the presence of lord Ahura-Mazda. Lord Mazda taught Zoroaster the "true religion," rejecting [[#Magic|magic]] and idol worship and promoting belief in heaven, hell, a devil (Angra-Mainyu) and one true god. Later followers, however, worshipped Zoroaster in addition to Mazda. Good Lord Mazda and evil Angra Mainyu are seen as equal in power. Teaches enlightenment and [[#SavWorks|salvation by works]], including fire worship and partaking of the hallucinogenic ''haoma'' ''soma'' in India. <br/>
| + | |
| − | Zwaan Rays: See [[#Spirit electric|Spirit Electronic Communication Society]]<br/>
| + | |
| − | Zygon International, Dane Spotts, Issaquah, WA: [[#New|New Age]], inner power, [[#ESP|ESP]], [[#Meditation|meditation]], fifth state of consciousness.<br/>
| + | |
